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Chapter 3 PDF

Chapter 3 discusses Interprocess Communication (IPC) with a focus on message passing and its desirable features such as reliability, efficiency, and security. It covers various communication techniques, message buffering strategies, addressing methods, and protocols, including case studies on IPC in MACH and the CBCAST protocol in ISIS. The chapter also explores group communication types and management strategies.

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Maniza Hijab
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7 views47 pages

Chapter 3 PDF

Chapter 3 discusses Interprocess Communication (IPC) with a focus on message passing and its desirable features such as reliability, efficiency, and security. It covers various communication techniques, message buffering strategies, addressing methods, and protocols, including case studies on IPC in MACH and the CBCAST protocol in ISIS. The chapter also explores group communication types and management strategies.

Uploaded by

Maniza Hijab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter - 3

Interprocess Communication

© Oxford University Press 2011


Message Passing

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Message Passing vs Shared Memory

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Desirable Features of Message Passing
Systems
• Hardware approach
• Functionality
• Performance
• Uniform semantics
• Efficiency
• Reliability
• Correctness
• Flexibility
• Portability
• Security

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Message passing process

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IPC message format

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IPC Message

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IPC synchronization
 Ensure message is received in the buffer:
 Polling

 Interrupt

 Message communication techniques


 Synchronouscommunication
 Asynchronous communication

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IPC: Synchronous communication

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IPC: Asynchronous communication

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IPC primitives

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Message buffering strategies

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Null buffering

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Null buffering with blocked receiver

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Null buffering with non blocked
receiver

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Message buffering: single buffer

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Message buffering: multiple message
buffer
 Receiver overflow handled using:
 Unsuccessful communication indication
 Flow control mechanism

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Multidatagram messaging
 Concept of MTU
 Message sequencing and reassembly
 Message contents
 Message representation: tagged, untagged

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Message data transmission

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Process addressing techniques
• Explicit addressing :send (process_id, message) and
receive (process_id, message)
• Implicit addressing:send_any (service_id, message)
and receive_any (service_id, message)
– Two level addressing : machine_id@local_id (receiver
machine name)
– Three level addressing:
machine_id@local_id@machine_id. (Node where the
process was created @ generated by the first
machine@ last known location of the machine)

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Link-based Process Addressing

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Failure handling mechanism
 IPC problems due to system failures

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IPC Protocols
 4-message reliable IPC protocol
 3-message reliable IPC protocol
 2-message reliable IPC protocol

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IPC 4 message protocol

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IPC 3 message protocol

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IPC 2 message protocol

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IPC Failure

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Case Study: IPC in MACH

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Case Study: IPC in MACH
 MACH IPC Components
 Ports

 Messages

 Message format
 NetMsgServer

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MACH message format

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Group communication

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Group Communication
 Unicast –one to one communication
 Many-to-one group communication
 One-to-many or multicast group communication

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Unicast group communication

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Many to one communication

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Multi cast communication

Broadcast communication

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Types of Groups
 Closed group
 Open group
 Peer group
 Hierarchical group

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Group management
 Centralized approach
 Distributed approach

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Group addressing Message delivery

 High level naming  Send to all semantics


 For large LANs/  Bulletin board
MANs: send message semantics
to individual group
members

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Reliability mechanism
 Classified based on number of receivers from which
sender expects a response

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Message ordering

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Message ordering: Absolute Ordering

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Message ordering: Consistent ordering

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Message ordering: Causal ordering

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Case Study: CBCAST protocol in ISIS

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CBCAST protocol
 S: vector of the sending process attached to the
message
 R : vector of the receiving process
 i: sequence number of the sender process
 Runtime system tests following conditions
 S[i] = R [i] + 1
 S[j] <= R[j] for j <> i

© Oxford University Press 2011


CBCAST protocol in ISIS

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Summary
 Message Passing
 Case Study: IPC in MACH
 Group communication
 Case Study: CBCAST protocol in ISIS

© Oxford University Press 2011

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