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The document outlines key concepts related to functions, including definitions, the horizontal and vertical line tests for determining injectivity and functionality, and characteristics of cubic polynomials. It also discusses quadratic inequalities, the Factor and Remainder Theorems, and provides insights into logarithmic functions and their graphs. Additionally, it explains the effects of coefficients on the shape and position of these graphs.

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2 views

Add Math Notes

The document outlines key concepts related to functions, including definitions, the horizontal and vertical line tests for determining injectivity and functionality, and characteristics of cubic polynomials. It also discusses quadratic inequalities, the Factor and Remainder Theorems, and provides insights into logarithmic functions and their graphs. Additionally, it explains the effects of coefficients on the shape and position of these graphs.

Uploaded by

z0268254
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions:

Definition: a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y

Horizontal Line test:

If a horizontal line only intersects a function’s graph once, that means that the function is one-one
(injective) and has an inverse.

Vertical Line test:

If a vertical line intersects the graph at only one point that means the graph is a function.

Graphs of cubic polynomial

General form: 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑

𝑑 = y-intercept.

If a is positive then:
If a is negative then:

Number of turning points = 𝑛 − 1, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝜖 ℤ+ (𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙)

Turning Point:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘
Co-ordinate of turning points = (h,k)

I.E Flip the sign present inside the bracket of h in order to get x-coordinate

Quadratic Inequality

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 > 0
Where is the graph above x axis?

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 < 0
Where is the graph below x axis?

To solve a triple inequality, make one side of the equation zero, automatically reducing it to a double
inequality which would be solvable.

Factor Theorem

If x = a, and there exists a function f(x), where f(a) = 0, we get to know that f(x-a) is a factor of f(x).

Meaning that by upon division by f(x-a) we will get the rest of the factors of the polynomial.
Remainder theorem

Okay so let’s imagine you divided a polynomial p(x) by (x-a), then the remainder you will get

Will be p(a)

Logarithm

General form of graph

Normal e^x,

When n is large and positive stretch towards y axis increases, so

When n is large and negative stretch towards y axis increases from positive end
K is the y intercept of the graph when a = zero.

K+A = y intercept when a is not zero

A is the horizontal asymptote of the graph.

Next general form of graph:

Normal form of graph of ln x


Increasing k increases, the steepness of the curve,
If k is negative then graph is like this:

B multiplied by minus one, or –b is the vertical asymptote of the graph (only when a is 1)

For example one b is one, the line of asymptote is -1


−𝑏
A increase stretch factor towards y axis hence, 𝑎
= 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ only when 𝑎 is
positive
If a is negative then:

what how
−𝑏
Line of asymptote when a is negative = |𝑎|

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