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Essential Linux Commands Master Files Networking More 1739487972

This document provides a comprehensive guide to basic Linux commands for beginners, covering file management, networking, system information, process management, compression, and file permissions. Each section includes essential commands with brief descriptions, making it a practical reference for users. The inclusion of process management highlights its importance in system performance and troubleshooting.

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11 views4 pages

Essential Linux Commands Master Files Networking More 1739487972

This document provides a comprehensive guide to basic Linux commands for beginners, covering file management, networking, system information, process management, compression, and file permissions. Each section includes essential commands with brief descriptions, making it a practical reference for users. The inclusion of process management highlights its importance in system performance and troubleshooting.

Uploaded by

dnhstz7rzv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINUX BASIC

COMMAND
[For Beginners]

–––
By Krishna Patwa 1

Basic Linux Commands


File Management & Navigation
• pwd – Show the current directory

• ls – List files and directories

• cd <dir> – Change directory

• mkdir <dir> – Create a new directory

• rmdir <dir> – Remove an empty directory

• rm <file> – Delete a file

• rm -r <dir> – Delete a directory and its contents

• cp <src> <dest> – Copy a file or folder

• mv <src> <dest> – Move or rename a file/folder

• find /path -name "file" – Search for a file

Networking Commands
• ifconfig / ip a – Display network interfaces

• ping <host> – Check network connectivity

• netstat -tulnp – Show active network connections

• ss -tulnp – Advanced version of netstat

• traceroute <host> – Trace the network route to a host

• nslookup <domain> – Get DNS information

• wget <url> – Download a file from the internet

• curl <url> – Send HTTP requests

• scp user@host:/path /localpath – Copy files from a remote system

🖥 System Information
By Krishna Patwa 2

• uname -a – Display full system info

• hostname – Show the machine’s hostname

• uptime – Check how long the system has been running

• df -h – Check disk space usage

• du -sh <folder> – Show the size of a specific folder

• free -m – Display memory usage

• top / htop – View running processes

• ps aux – List all active processes

• who – Show logged-in users

• w – Display active users and processes

• last – Show login history

Process Management
• ps aux – List all running processes

• top – Show real-time process activity

• htop – Interactive process viewer (requires installation)

• jobs – Show background processes in the current shell

• bg %1 – Resume a background job

• fg %1 – Bring a background job to the foreground

• kill <PID> – Terminate a process by PID

• kill -9 <PID> – Force kill a process

• pkill <name> – Kill a process by name

• nice -n 10 <command> – Start a process with lower priority

• renice -n 10 <PID> – Change the priority of a running process

• nohup <command> & – Run a process in the background and keep it running after logout

• strace -p <PID> – Trace system calls of a running process

• lsof -p <PID> – List open files of a process


By Krishna Patwa 3

🗜 Compression & Archiving


• tar -cvf archive.tar files/ – Create a tar archive

• tar -xvf archive.tar – Extract a tar archive

• tar -czvf archive.tar.gz files/ – Create a tar archive with gzip compression

• tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz – Extract a gzip tar archive

• zip archive.zip file1 file2 – Create a zip file

• unzip archive.zip – Extract a zip file

File & Directory Permissions


• chmod 777 file – Give full permissions

• chmod 644 file – Read & write for the owner, read-only for others

• chown user:group file – Change the owner of a file

• ls -l – View file permissions

• umask 022 – Set default permissions

This now includes Process Management, which is crucial for handling system performance and
troubleshooting.

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