INTRODUCTION Density and viscosity are fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics. They are key properties of fluids that significantly influence the behavior and characteristics of fluid flow. Understanding density and viscosity is essential for analyzing and predicting how fluids will behave in various situations. Both properties are crucial ina variety of scientific and industrial applications, influencing phenomena ranging from fluid flow dynamics to material stability. This laboratory experiment aims to explore the concepts of density and viscosity, their ‘measurement techniques, and the factors affecting these properties. Density (p) is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance, expressed mathematically as p = 8 . This parameter provides valuable information about how tightly packed the particles are within a material. Understanding density is essential in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering, where it serves as a key indicator of material composition and behavior. The units of density, such as kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m?) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/erm), standardize the comparison of different substances. Viscosity, on the other hand, refers to a fluid’s resistance to flow. It is a measure of internal friction within a fluid as its molecules move past each other. The viscosity of a substance depends on factors such as temperature and molecular structure. This experiment will explore the concept of viscosity and its measurement through various methods. Understanding viscosity is crucial in fields like chemical engineering, where it impacts processes such as fluid transport, mixing, and heat transfer. By delving into the principles of density and viscosity, this laboratory investigation aims to provide insights into the physical properties of materials and their applications. The experiment will involve measuring and analyzing both properties, exploring the precision and accuracy of the techniques employed. This experiment explores the complexities of density ‘and viscosity, and seeks to enhance the understanding of these properties and their practical implications in scientific research and industrial processes. PART I: MEASURING THE DENSITY OF LIQUIDS USING DENSITY BOTTLE OBJECTIVE: ‘The objectives of this experiment is to: © To determine the density of water and ethanol using the mass and volume ‘measurements. © Toapply the density formulaMATERIALS: © 2pes Graduated Cylinder © Dropper ‘© Analytical Balance Distilled Water © Funnel + Ethanol PROCEDURE: PANN ‘Before using, wash and dry the bottle. Measure the mass of the empty density bottle. (label m1) Fill the bottle with water. Place the stopper and wipe the outside to dry. ‘Measure the mass of the bottle filled with water. (label m2) Take the second bottle and fill it with ethanol. Place the stopper and wipe the outside to dry. Measure the mass of the bottle filled with ethanol. PART II: MEASURING THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS OBJECTIVE: ‘+ The objectives of this experiment is to compare the viscosity of different liquids MATERIALS: + Clean, dry marble/steel ball * Cooking oil © Specs. Graduated cylinder (25mL)}4 * Dish soap © Beaker © Honey * Timer © Distilled Water PROCEDURE: RIA hE ° Fill the graduated cylinder with the fist liquid, making sure to leave enough room at the top so that it does not overflow when the marble is dropped. ‘Weigh the marble and record the weight in kilograms. Drop the marble into the liquid while starting the stopwatch, ‘Stop the timer when the marble reaches the bottom of the cylinder. Record the time in seconds and height in meters for this liquid. Repeat steps 1-5 two more times with the same liquid and record findings. Calculate the average for the three trials and record. Repeat steps 1-7 with the other liqui Calculate the viscosity for each liquid.REFERENCES: S.S. (2022, March 27). Use of DENSITY BOTTLE | Density of an Unknown Liquid | Practical PHYSICS. YouTube. litps://www,voutube,com/watch?v=X 1jGd4FUYal Measuring Viscosity. (2022, July 7). __‘TeachEngincering.org. https:/vww.teachengineering.orw/activities/view/cub_surg_lesson03_activityl