nit-I escriple Statishcs

stoistics:5ttishiCs 15 he science and ort af

dealing with figuxes
igYes and acts
stahishts dehned collechon
presentahon analyis and. intepretaion o
exit al díta coleched rom different 5ouyces
nymeriçal souYCeS
fom of
Tt is a
that USLS
mathematNcal analysis
quankhedmodiles, representahion
and Synopsis experim
enkd., data
’ 6tatishital Shudy is methodbbgy gather, reitu,
analyse and draw Conclusion hom dato
Popuahon
The main diffexence ehy gon o populahio n
and Sample has to do wih huw oosexva te,
a55igned to the data s.
’A populaaon incudes at o 4he dements,
ôeti dota
’A sumgle Consists One or more bservatiors
draun fym the populoion

Clechion of data:
) he data mau he colected oy the auhole
fopulahion ox ov a S0mple ony T is mosty
(olle ched On
3) The invest gator 66 Ahe wll vained pysom
oho colledts the sto hshical dota the
\Gpondents
he infomation
Dr he persons fom whon
i5 (olleched
he seleion ot Ahe method foy
tor colleching
 he inomaion musl balance soveral Constiant
inuding resourtes ougilable , onalysis _and
vdevant to study skil o he
voluatN
Zolecion of data: ave of 2ypes
he
poimgny dta is the ist hond in fumahias
Col eted, ompiled publisheo by orgonizahion for smn
have not yel
y qone. under onginal dota and
reotmtnt
Daondnay data ave he strond ond infymab
uhih has alveady collected yome Ggon
srgant
"zoion Some Qurpose ond at are
avalable for present shdy
o0 are ngt pure in hararter ond have
Underdone S0ne tathiea tment atlest
Dnce.
JAensuses ef Cenbral
Tendeney
"he olouna axe the
(entl Tendgnci thgt ae in (ommon de U5t
I: Arithematic meOm (or)5imple meon
Median
Mode
4 Geomethic menn
5- Hiimonic meon
 f sel ot obsevohon is hei
Avithe mahc meam:nynber of obseVations
Azhemahc meon lH (indiduad seaies)
sesks)
t CoS& of fiequeney disaibution ( disCKelt

where of xi

In (ose ol coninuous Seies of distabhon

dista buhon
CContinuoUS Sexis)

whest i freaeny of
X;: mið points of the oss ineswl
t find the Athemohic mean of data:
.2 35 65 \00 40 . 80

Knd Aihenaht men of dala g0 80 i9 75. 15 IDO

50)

Aahemait meon H Exí : 350 =50

n

3 hnd Ashemat Mean

istoioui A 5
3 45
2 1
3 3(

Gven m:t 40

43 46 42
 5.hnd 4
10-0 Marks distslbtiêm
henueny
Maks Rnd
-30 ad Arthemahe
the 300 150 50
a5
arthemahic
25| meon
8 30
fos
35 ( aihemahtme
an
55 45 mean the
124O
fo olouing
4 100 675 &70 he
440 165
olloing distrbuhion
G
6 hnd the
AM Por the llowin9eguey distatbut
3-16 46-24 Qu-3a. 31-40 0
16
hequoy
CI requeny Miapovnt
3

8-16

82-40,51
308

|956

N
Medton: I s dehined as he vahie of he mddle ilen
when the lems ave aronged in where =JouY lint of medi m do
N toal Preueng
d num bey
Ungroup dota: T tme doa set tontains median ela
b iens he middle em of he aso s he
medinn median lass
Qy en no of tems then the median is C = lass intval S median cdags
Eud
ind he median fhom the oloung dota
A0, 80, 10, 15, 15, \00, 5o
qyuenuy ustnbuhon The Gien doo (an be
`uppose Anat
that orJered vus , xn have umttn
Athtii oriesponding requenus h.a..
h,
Xn
fn, then 0ending odes
median n be Median : 50
Calulted
2 kad he melian foY the Follpwing data
i Arange tht
he data in ascendng oY destending order d 20, 15, l0,12,50, 45
10, 12, \5,a,45, 5
ummulahve frequenc Medio \5 420 H5
requenty
Fnd the medin Fam te lowing FD
5 6 89
(alun Snd he vole 10, | b 20 S5 15 q 6
whith is etha equn to ( Or higher to that
and detrmine
toi hih giyes he vae ot
Contimuus median 18
.6o5 is he median das thle
he qreate) value ift is nat
G5
i Rnd out he middle ton by using the omula ( Hheenediad
5 L05
Csrresponding to 69
thos, nd the medin dass median = X5
iv U5e He follouwing oromuda to- had the me din
 6- nd he median br the follouwing doto
the folowing D:
the .
hnd the median
5 6 lo-a5
3
Ia a5 15 40 20 as-40
40-55
CF
10 Hoe N 135 55 -70
Medin She 3 99
3 a5 85-100 100
15
(onsider ab2 (or6pond ng Valup
122
135

5 Rind the mdian f the follahg fo Mode: ode is Hhe vol yhích ouUrse most
CiGubke hquenty in the
0-5 5 5 N tuhich husleed
hisEved densiny 200nd
5 -0 s the value for which the
I0 -15
Medtandas 0-25 Requeny is maximum aepeted
d0 -5
25-30
C5 Disenek Fo:
30-35 -Mode is the
35-0 to the
Median = al:3t5 2) ortnu9s Fo:
45-50
gien uih cass inkvas,
theí the
Msign o mode

al
Qunit o mode lashe (aw which
of mode closs
Yo' aueny o clogo plaueding o mode dasS
mode ass
 data : Knd Hhe mole im he 0:

valug) 10
Mode =19 (mby Rtpukd üllbuing daba
0 -I5
15
the I6-30
D ind the mode from 30-5 85
40 -sS
45-60 55
valacs)
60-75 70
5-40 60

20 30 50 q0 -195-
90 40
3
lo 1a0 Q0

Relation jw Mean, medion, mode

Here nax - Fe0uency = a5

follaing Fo 3

2 3 Menn 3Medan. ode

6 3

Aidtrtuion menn a6-4,Mode 28.,

ind he Median
the following
3
iabuhon hnd men
10 -20
0-30 1

30-0 3Medn - mode 3(a5)24

S0-60 0 () clas
6o-70 10
3) In a distlowhn Knd mode
70-80
Mean: 133
Median- (32-5
hseoión anen 3(132-8)- 2(133)
 nh tot of 3. Hnd Hhe GM of
ctait menn is ollaung. Fo
(yomett Menn: The Gtom
Geometac lon
vales
Product ot n t n valus
Ungoped dota: The Geotmene
mean
4 865
n -0601
115
qven as
2-0H9

both ides, ue gß 0156 l2 4356

Taking Ao thms
41584

n
1:1

4 ind the Gm ot the oloui ng FD:

Groyped dota:
Disree hequeny dístnbuion: 9030
t6336
10 6
10

1-079| 6328
3 5 l39 59695
Kind he Gm of a,4,8 22922

60

540449
 Goom eh mean
5 kind th

md-point 0:6989 3-232

06939
0-10 a-352
0-20
15 Hoomonic Wean: the hamont mean is the noo
3479
s3S74 yotues divided bu he Sum of the veciprot as
ao-30 each vau.
35
-5440
Unazuped Data' he hormonic mean o n values
5
0-653 given by HM

23q633 Goupad Data:

Distobvhion
+- Discrte heaney f
N

X28.9693

2 Conthnuows Frequency distabutan

where :midp0int of I

duababuta
ind the Homonic eOn o
5
t160 12 (2) a1 5
15 5-88
a-30 a5 1-3419 I6 1148 35 42 51 6a 10 82

35 1-5440 43 23, 33 96 42 21
35 16532 51-26 94353
50-60 15 55

5 65 04353
 4
olowing data
Aisbsbyh on

0- 10 06999 t313
3
|1760 4104 266
|5
0.3.
’10-615?, 3874 6.24
12 :3979
0-30
03333 11?
5 |5440
5 35 115
015 30-40
|6531
40-50 360
0-08333
|404
50 -60 55

3
34

3 hind he hormoni man for he

3+

I5-25
A5 -35 15 30
6.
115
35 -45 N- 3 18-5
45-S5 15
0-5
F-65 15
o25
65-15

129 2-113 * Made: (relation) >

Sureedina coss is not hoe so V5e, velaton tsaa
Mode = 3 hedign aMean
3(41315)-a (39-a3)
 Quahle Deviahiom:
x563194
Gtomcbit M¡an: AtlogGx56319%) -Q
quanrle of the dtibhion vesehi
lo Cofhient ot Q0:
33 Q74 s5
Hamonic Man N
3} Chaouped data : rang he
14446 descending ordey plocate the henuency b
Using the olowng fomua

Measures of dispersion (Vauiab)la):

3 Mecm devahon taheve Qi die s A l e m
1: Ronge aQual e Deviahon idem
Size of 3
4 Standayd Deathon
d.terence behueen hiohot Gouped daho :
Kang "Rage fs the dato i-Disnce requeny dstabuhion :
louest volus in Hhe
:. Rang
1. Compste ummitiwe fregyuency tysmula
he
size of
5 |0
Size of
Range - Mox voluu - min Va

a (aninous requeng distabuien

Range harvnlug- hinale

Compuk ummalahve hequency

(3N
 of (lass intev CI)
data 1 36
36 95 55 62 4 1 S0 65 90
clas qiven dota n scending order
dis douer lint of s,
of Q class uB 50 55 62

mi: bummulakve Hese

o closS

-50

CF ot class preecding of S3 clas qm ilem 90

6X3) Mem
Quatle Dia kon (oetheieat D
data
25 3

sl he oven daia in ascending orlu:

36 9 10 R. 2 15 Q5 29 31 34. 3
b the olgusing data
item
3 3
Size ot (184aem (42)
Size ot
|4 19 18
5 ilem
54
24
( 30 108

29-9
149

)29-9 10 2
3a
194
 83-9
I3
30
0
40

184
(5o35)
NE200
30
I6-20
do-24
242
28-32 10
107
data 109
:0+
36-40
N 50
211333
1453N315
-25
5-30 55 0mi 3-3145
150
|9 áit (
106
845
33-2143
(a5)45-50
50-55 x
55-40
 ino mean devia of
Moan
Mean eviation :
absoluk aifleenes o A
aboul mean bloauing data deahon
mean
values Bom mean, mode medu'an ie MD 12 15 22

Here
R- Mea n
-C13)
where A men, mode 6 medion -10 10

hqovped data - 6

MDabt mean (a; -mean)

2 2
median = | -medion 5
MD about
-mode)
Giouped data E\emanl 34
Descsele frequanay distaoubion:
'whese A: mote
mean, medion,
x 34
N f:
a Coninvous tvequency distabution
CMO MD
mean 13
uhese A Meon, median , mode 0313

Yegn deviahionv
(o1)
Mon Medion Mode
 Median
CM)
’3-/ 31
-medion í
mode
1
6 El*-median
M):ximod e 3
48
E\x-madel
12
3 -3
5 -5
15
1x-medianl n-medion
3
3
mode
1 |
vole) sepaled (mot mode+ Here S
data
data 18
22 I5 about cMo EMDhind
mode olowng the for medin
Gped data
4hnd MO mean, median mode ta
930
data.
he
10
fotowing
15 ao S 30 35 40 F63265
3a 31 18 6
-43639
Cmo:S-3265 400 531
¥lz-ma lx-medionl Ciz-model
ts:3639 15 20

q.3639 15 M about Mode: [tl-mode

15 a55 1G7-6953 255 N
4-8639 10
54 S00 5 1a1-59: (25 : l955 (-74)
1361
800 4355 160
80 31 123 5136! 5 10-035 a 185
35 10 136 1 q0 Mode
5
40 6 1S 136 1 15 q0 60
q0/66 30
El meanl exmedian) tnodal
:655 43 - \65 5
-q35 201|
Mean -365S

30

N4 63426
hghad Valuc) MD
Menn
6 aág6
Medisn 25 4639
Mode : g0 (not rancly orcuno). |D2568|
 M about medin
abut rgdian
ox CMD
hind MD CMo abo Meon, medinn S mde 45

the folooing hauency- 455distnboion

R-45 -4533
o.325
CI f medionl molel 1man la- medtiany s0(xi-mode)
about mode :
0-20 15 135 305 30 30-3846! Q74:5 270 13.49| 4MD
abaut hode : MD 141994
25 400 15 a0-5 326 32b-i536cD 45.33461
Qo-30 mode
103846! 125
a5o37 10-5. 6
o-326
110 63 05
40-50 140 1346 56
96159 133
95
55 2uo 235. 334
1961539 34
180 g9 19-5
Go-70 |2 65 624
2961539 179
T0-30 75 450 95 245
39-61539 141-5 d00 (990a
B0-90 5 85 39-5 40
Iu3-26 1470 1419 9996
\00 - 4550

4550 455
100

f- fo

4543346I

MD abovt mean = h meanl 1493 24

N Iy33

mean 65
 is the sqUae odt of the dato s 5
Standlard Devihon : SD deviahion fo n 5
nithemathc mean t auares ot Hoe

arihemahc mean 5
ohon)
SD (slandard devi Mean
ongiouped dota 3-Mean - )

pbsevahÛns -(indiwdual ses) (a-)

toheve n is he no of -2

he N
N sk

N
maa)
f Coninous frqiency distibuhbn

hese

2 SD
easy
mean

mean

VananCe

Meon

(oeffitient ol yaniatitn :
nean
 coefhiiients for he bi An examinghion 6 Conduthed fo1
ç heir 4 intomahion is obtained.
4 Rnd SD,vaziance a closs The ollowing
sechon is More vigdle sing
Stale uhich
Standavà deviation
shudeas shdents
3 3 43 Marko Sechon Sehon
Cmid pin 25
5 of A 5
|:15769
45
135 15
3 15 45 10-0 3 (S0 3125 3750
4 40 Vanance 31031, Qo-30 5
1350 Gi2s
40 1:575 35
S-534 mean 3"2404
-o356 30-40 135 1Oo 6075
3025 G05 0
mean
X\0D 35-68| S0 -60
55
55

Mean= Shxi 625 535 22325 22925

22325

dota for
-
Sec A
22a25 13 3163
1815
15
tS99S50 (29660
T4725 542 C542
B0-40 35 135
R67300
0-So 132 5940
462825 Sp is equad fo both sechans we Compare
So -50 153 55 3u15
591500
65 9100 Coefhent vatiance
3825 R36275 SG7233 O:2171/
-0 51 l3363
1445o
85 190 29.7619
CV= SD
ngan Sp 13-3|63 X/90 y40322
542 29660 3o2330
Mean

Menn Ehai 29660 Stnce, CV o Sechon A s more han Se chiom B, So

Secton As moe vaxigble han serhem B
54-7233
5. he Sports f two btex
g'ven belaw Bnd who is
(onsislnce a sut to prchas?
more wovkd
qetter. and uho is a
54 9 -38 Lfe in AG)
years
5 5
of A
63
a- 4 3
100 300
|3 12 5 65 60 35
4 -6
0 49 (33. 343 31
5 6-8 19
31 1225
49 5 31 405 18

256 576
38
534 2:3076
69 194
66
31
144 169 49 49

2:3074 XI00 50-0105

SD X100 =
E:540 330 10596 I6 680 mean
R (mean): 540 -54 Men a12
46
X\o6 35.3337
y (meqn) : 350 -38
mean

= 32:55 15
Since, SD than model B
XA0630 3d-6303

SD x\00 = 3a-s51S
mean

32- 6303
Mean
38
more
 COelalon
Cimgt
CoMelaton : gbles insch thot m coulati
elationship oehwn 2 Vaoi a dusiiled
he Voágble rults
chonge in one
re
he ther variaole is knowwn as
hange in
COTrelohon
behuwegn he a aahe alaionshie
he coekiient ot conelahien coluuintien.
qaneraly denored by Eg: paice , damond and suply
lypes od cone hion Partial § Total Corelation
CoMdlakon is dassihed into may hypes 2 vanables cuding
i posikives neqatie comelahin vanables calet pashal cordation
othes
i Simple E mulhiple torrela hon ’In tool comeohon al he
(oRelaion
taken into acoUn
iv \meay non-lnead eorneahan
Linec in vosicble
voes
If he omount hanag
depends nibles
vgon the direchion of dhanoe d vanba. Consta nt otio to he
tends to move in some direion be linear
a
incxeosed n the volue ot One vangble is,
then thne (owelaion s satd to
ther wise i Ahe mount hoha in
atompined by intre ased in other vasgble or to
rahio
derease in the othex Vanable i5 accom onied Vooiqole doesnot vanes a consant
other vaa ble
bu decxease in other vasigble.Aen the (oslth me amot of change im non linear oolañon
Ve Or divect coKelahion
then i is called
Cane
EA height and waight, pie deraond Soles
Advetse espendihyre
invease o derease in the yolus of
ne Varia ous is
the Cos
Hon (alled -ve
 Noe:
bak behween seionshp
obsRTVaHons. ofno. n:
Jiay
ti
11 11
(,y) CoN w5tten
0s covaneces
the then. bseu
wntn
as be Can It
Seres
ot CoTKelahien "NankSpeaomàns 9
Seres )kale
arsons
(9 Cov
then vasaba gngk Simple i diagyn Scatr i)
ypes ooa)GM:Thoe
method: Mallamatita &)
tion: (oefhitient
ot PeKOnS Wod mehod: Gophial )
lthon bloVaa bewen Ship
rlationsnip shyng Methotos
tosrlatiem
 ahtn
Cood foom the 03472
uent of
Lalalats he cocfhi
(y-)
Caefhcíentoof CD dghomzE(2-2)

A
=\0-2442

-1 Given
to
poduts ot
Go) -)(y-3):k6.
13 12 3. 3
3 -3 36
-636 lox5-4bà
n(oax S)
Vaiablea is
to Vogrlenca behween
1a-5

vespetivey Find the (efiient of (caahien

betuen hem
12:5
Cov (3,s)
hnd peosens Coefhcient Cooelaho
hom the lowng dota NOTE:
al&-o0tFF oficient (olaitn is
100
living
3 9 3 The probableetof
4
02 q9 12
q4 3
45
49 q2 -3
95 -2

44
90 - 5 5 +5
45 16 16
54 E:61
 the didt buhn ie
5 The lbuing able aiveSeivels delecthve item PE 06745 Y(-Go:94& s9)
of a poduct and also
among them acording (oTelation behween
nd the oediient of pob abk
S2e decl in qualthy & find its SpsamansRankcorlahen otoshuen:

"oaitikient olw
Not lems probems in cshch do. Cont be neasured
150 140 190 ualtotivay but quanhtatve assesment is
tems possiole beauh, ionetit ete
mid of size be denotd by ai -’ In is cIse best índidnl is giRn
Ss) Let the Tankn

point rkms

434 -55
159 aIs -15 22
difence biu tio 0nks
A5 -16 6-25
where
-40 5
-\-5 225 49 R, -Rz
-i0-5 -3 15 R: Rank Cosrelaion oeffheient
-19 195
36
-3 - I:5
N npoired
ol
oesevafon
19 -20 a-25

ao-20 205 625 -375

he vo o Tank coBlahon ,coeffeient (R)
2-1.5
365

E:940 E-15 aluaygs ies bebeen

Note:
g353 |- when the oks qiven osS'gn anks to
iiems o bothhiahesthe vale
"sesesof by giveng
heseies
l-o94350 to e
Spearmani
Ronk comiaion@is qien by R Back