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Git Basics Handbook

The Git Basics Handbook provides an overview of version control systems, emphasizing their importance in software development for collaboration, versioning, and traceability. It covers core Git concepts such as repositories, the working directory, staging area, commits, and branches, along with essential commands for managing a Git repository. Additionally, it outlines workflows like Feature Branch and Gitflow, advanced techniques for resolving merge conflicts, stashing changes, and using tags.

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24 views3 pages

Git Basics Handbook

The Git Basics Handbook provides an overview of version control systems, emphasizing their importance in software development for collaboration, versioning, and traceability. It covers core Git concepts such as repositories, the working directory, staging area, commits, and branches, along with essential commands for managing a Git repository. Additionally, it outlines workflows like Feature Branch and Gitflow, advanced techniques for resolving merge conflicts, stashing changes, and using tags.

Uploaded by

somendrasingh019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Git Basics Handbook

I. Introduction to Version Control

A. Definition and Significance of Version Control Systems


● Version control systems (VCS) track changes to files over time, allowing
multiple contributors to work on a project simultaneously while
preserving the history of changes.

B. Benefits of Utilizing Version Control for Software Development


● Collaboration: Facilitates teamwork by providing a centralized platform
for managing code.
● Versioning: Maintains a history of changes, enabling easy rollback to
previous states.
● Traceability: Tracks who made which changes, aiding in debugging and
accountability.

II. Core Concepts of Git

A. Repositories: Local and Remote


● Local Repository: A copy of the project on your local machine,
containing the entire version history.
● Remote Repository: A shared repository stored on a server, allowing
collaboration among multiple developers.
B. Working Directory: Workspace for Project Files
● The directory on your local machine where you modify files for your
project.
C. Staging Area (Index): Selecting Changes for Commits
● An intermediate area where changes are prepared before being committed
to the repository.
D. Commits: Capturing Project States with Descriptive Messages
● A snapshot of the project at a specific point in time, accompanied by a
descriptive commit message.
E. Branches: Divergent Development Paths within a Repository
● Independent lines of development that allow for parallel work on
different features or bug fixes.

III. Essential Git Commands

A. Initialization: Creating a New Git Repository


● git init: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.
B. Tracking Changes: Identifying Modified Files
● git status: Displays the status of modified files in the working directory.
C. Staging and Committing: Preparing and Recording Changes
● git add <file>: Adds file changes to the staging area.
● git commit -m "message": Records staged changes with a descriptive
message.
D. Branching: Creating and Switching Between Development Lines
● git branch <branch_name>: Creates a new branch.
● git checkout <branch_name>: Switches to the specified branch.
E. Merging: Integrating Changes from Different Branches
● git merge <branch_name>: Combines changes from the specified branch
into the current branch.

IV. Mastering Git Workflows

A. Feature Branch Workflow: Streamlined Development and Integration


● Create a new branch for each feature or bug fix.
● Regularly merge feature branches into the main development branch
(e.g., master or main).
B. Gitflow Workflow: Structured Approach for Large-Scale Projects
● Utilizes different types of branches (e.g., feature, develop, release, hotfix)
for managing development stages.
● Offers a more structured approach suitable for complex projects with
multiple contributors.
V. Advanced Git Techniques

A. Resolving Merge Conflicts: Handling Conflicting Changes


● Identify conflicting changes during a merge operation and resolve them
manually.
B. Stashing Changes: Temporarily Shelving Uncommitted Work
● git stash: Temporarily stores changes that are not ready to be committed,
allowing you to switch branches or apply fixes.
C. Using Tags: Annotating Specific Project Versions
● git tag <tag_name>: Creates a tag to mark a specific commit (e.g., for
releases or milestones).

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