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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering

Anna University Regulation: 2021

EC3492-Digital Signal Processing

II Year / IV Semester

Unit 4
Question Bank

Prepared by,
Mrs. P.Tamilselvi, AP/ECE

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UNIT – IV
NOV/DEC 2015
1. (i)The output of an ADC is applied to a digital filter with system function H(z) = . Find

the output noise power from digital filter when input signal is quantized to have 8 bits. (8)
(ii) Prove that (8)

2. A digital system is characterized by the difference equation y(n) = 0.9y(n – 1) + x(n) with
x(0) = 0 and initial condition y(-1) = 12. Find the dead band of the system. Verify with formula
for largest integer. (16)
MAY/JUNE 2015
1. i. Explain the various formats of the fixed point representation of binary numbers (8)
ii. What is meant by finite word length effects on digital filters? List them. (8)
2. Find the output round off noise power for the system having transfer function
H(z) = (16)

NOV/DEC 2014
1. Discuss the following:
(i) Product quantization error (8)
(ii)Limit cycle oscillations. (8)
2. (i) Derive the equation for rounding and truncation errors. (8)
(ii) Derive the equation for quantization noise power. (8)
MAY/JUNE 2014
1. (i) Explain the characteristic of limit cycle oscillation with respect to the system described
by the difference equation:
y(n) = 0.95y(n – 1) + x(n)
x(n) = 0 and y(-1) = 13
Determine the dead band range of the system. (10)
(ii) Explain the effects of coefficient quantization in FIR filters. (6)
2. (i) Derive the signal to quantization noise ratio of A/D converter. (6)
(ii) Compare the truncation and rounding errors using fixed and floating point representation. (10)
NOV/DEC 2013
1. (i) Discuss the various common methods for quantization. (8)
(ii)Explain the finite word length effects in FIR digital filters. (8)
2. Describe the quantization in floating point realization of IIR digital filters. (16)
3. Explain in detail about Finite word length effects in digital filters. (CSE old syllabus) (16)
MAY/JUNE 2013
1. (i) Represent the following numbers in floating point format with five bits for mantissa and three
bits for exponent(8)
1) 710
2) 0.2510
3) - 710
4) - 0.2510

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(ii) Draw the process quantization noise model of second order IIR system (8)
2. (i) Explain how signal scaling is used to prevent overflow limit cycle in the digital filter
implementation with an example. (8)
(ii) Determine the dead band of the system. Assume 8 bits are used for signal representation.
y(n) = 0.2y(n – 1) + 0.5y(n – 2) + x(n)(8)
NOV/DEC 2012
1. (a) (i) What is quantization of analog signals? Derive the expression for the
quantization error. (8)
(ii) Explain coefficient quantization in IIR filter. (8)
2. (b) (i) How to prevent limit cycle oscillations? Explain. (8)
(ii) What is meant by signal scaling? Explain (8)

MAY/JUNE 2012
1. (a) Explain the following:
(i) Coefficient Quantization error
(ii) Product Quantization error
(iii) Signal scaling
(iv) Truncation and Rounding. (16)
2. (b) (i) Compare floating point with fixed point arithmetic. (4)
(ii) What is Quantization noise? Derive the expression for Quantization noise power. (12)
3. Given H(z), compute the truncated H’(z) with coefficients represented by
(1) 4-bit word length(2) 6-bit word length at frequency ω = (CSE old syllabus) (8)

H(z) =

NOV/DEC 2011
1. With respect to finite word length effects in digital filters, with examples discuss about
1) Overflow limit cycle oscillation (10)
2) Signal scaling. (6)
2. (i) Distinguish between fixed point and floating point arithmetic. (6)
(ii) Consider a second order IIR filter with

H(z) =

Find the effect on quantization on pole location of the given system function in direct form
and in cascade form. Assume b = 3 bits. (10)
3. Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect to the system described by the
equation y(n) = 0.95 y(n - 1) + x(n). Determine the dead band of the filter. (old syllabus) (8)
APRIL/MAY 2011
1. Explain the quantization process and errors introduced due to quantization. (16)
2. (i)Explain how reduction of product round-off error is achieved in digital filters. (8)

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(ii)Explain the effects of coefficient quantization in FIR filters. (8)

NOV/DEC 2010
1. Discuss in detail the errors resulting from rounding and truncation. (16)
2. Explain the limit cycle oscillations due to product round off and overflow errors. (16)

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rounding process, we can round the x
value as x = 0.11011

5) What is meant by signal scaling ? (N/D ’17)

Scaling of a signal means, a constant is multiplied with the time or amplitude of the
signal.
6) Define truncation error for sign magnitude representation and for 2’s
complement representation ? (A/M ’17)
For the truncation of negative numbers in sign magnitude and 1’s
complement, the error is always positive because the truncation basically
reduces the magnitude of the numbers. 0 ≤ e < - 2-b
In the 2’s complement representation, the negative of a number is obtained by
subtracting the corresponding positive number from 2. Therefore the effect of
truncation on a negative number is to increase the magnitude of the negative
number and so the truncation error is always negative. 0 ≥ e > - 2-b
7) Compare fixed-point and floating point representations. (N/D ’16)
Fixed-point representations Floating point representations
1. The accuracy of the result is less due to 1.The accuracy of the results will be higher
smaller dynamic range. due to the larger dynamic range.
2. Speed of processing is high. 2. Speed of processing is low.
3. Hardware implementation is cheaper. 3. Hardware implementation is costlier.
4. Fixed point arithmetic can be used for 4. Fixed point arithmetic cannot be used for
real time computations. real time computations

8) What are the three-quantization atoms to finite word length registers in

digital filters ? (A/M ’16)
The three-quantization atoms to finite word length registers in digital filters are
1. Input quantization error
2. Product quantization error
3. Coefficient quantization error
9) Why is rounding preferred than truncation in realizing digital filter ?
(N/D ’15)
Rounding is preferred to truncation in realizing digital filter because of the
following reason
i)The quantization error due to rounding is independent of the type arithmetic
ii)The mean of rounding error is zero
iii)The variance of the rounding error signal is low

2
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10) Explain briefly quantization noise. (M/J ’15)
Quantization noise is a model of quantization error introduced
by quantization in the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in telecommunication
systems and signal processing. ... When the input signal has a high amplitude and
a wide frequency spectrum this isthe case.
11) List the types of limit cycle oscillation. (M/J ’15)
 Zero input limit cycle oscillations
 Overflow limit cycle oscillations
12) What is scaling? (N/D ’14)
Scaling is a process of readjusting certain internal gain parameters in order to
constrain internal signals to a range appropriate to the hardware with the constraint
that the transfer function from input to output should not be changed.
13) State the need for scaling in filter implementation. (M/J ’14)
To prevent overflow, the signal level at certain points in the digital filter must be
scaled. So that no overflow occurs in the adder.
14) What is product round-off noise? (M/J ’14)
Round-off Noise: Product of two W-bit fixed-point fractions is a (2W-1) bit
number. This product must eventually be quantized to W-bits by rounding or
truncation, which results in round-off noise. ... Thus, the result needs to
be rounded or truncated to its nearest 8-bit representation.
15) What do you understand by input quantization error? (N/D ’13)
The filter coefficient is computed to infinite precision theory. But in digital
computation the filter coefficient are represented in binary and are stored in
registers. If b bit register is used the filter coefficient must be rounded or
truncated to b bit which produce an error.

16) State the methods used to prevent overflow. (N/D ’13)

There are two methods used to prevent overflow
1. Saturation Arithmetic
2. Scaling
17) What are the two types of quantization employed in digital system?(M/J ’13)
1. Truncation
2. Rounding

18) What is overflow oscillations? (N/D ’11)

The addition of two fixed-point arithmetic numbers cause over flow the sum exceeds
the word size available to store the sum. This overflow caused by adder make the filter

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output to oscillate between maximum amplitude limits. Such limit cycles have been
referred to as over flow oscillations.
There are two methods used to prevent overflow (i) Saturation arithmetic (ii)
Scaling
19)What are the advantages of floating point arithmetic? (N/D ’11)
 Large dynamic range
 Over flow in floating point representation is unlikely.

20) What is mean by fixed point arithmetic? Give example. (M/J ’11)
In the fixed point arithmetic, the digits to the left of the decimal point
represent the integer part of the number and digits to the right of the decimal
point represent fractional part of the number. For example,
(1568.707)10
(1101.1101)2

21) What is truncation? (N/D ’10)

Truncation is a process of discarding all bits less significant than least
significant than least significant bit that is retained.

22) What is product quantization error? (N/D ’10)

The product quantization error arises at the output of a multiplier.
Multiplication of b bit data with a b bit coefficient result a product having
2b bits. Since b bit register is used the multiplier output must be rounded or
truncated to b bits, which produce an error. This error is known as
quantization error.

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Anna University ECE - Reg 2021

1st Semester 2nd Semester 3rd Semester
Random Process & Linear
Professionsal English I Professional English II
Algebra
Statistics and Numerical C Programming & Data
Matrices and Calculas Methods Structures
Engineering Graphics Signals and Systems
Engineering Physics
Physics for Electronics
Electronic Devices and Circuits
Engineering
Engineering Chemistry
Electrical and Instrumentation Control Systems
Engineering
Problem Solving & Python
Programming Circuit Analysis Digital Systems Designs

4th Semester 5th Semester 6th Semester

Electromagnetic Fields Embedded System & IOT

Wireless Communication Design

Networks & Security Artificial Intelligence &

VLSI and Chip Design
Machine Learning
Linear Integrated Circuits Transmission Lines & RF Open Elective I
Systems
Digital Signal Processing Professional Elective I Professional Course III

Communication Systems Professional Elective II Professional Course IV

Environmental Sciences &

Sustainability Mandatory Course I Mandatory Course II

7th Semester 8th Semester

Human Values & Ethics Project Work

Elective Management

EEE ECE
Open Elective II CSE
Open Elective III Click on clouds to navigate
other departments
Open Elective IV

MECH CIVIL
http://www.poriyaan.in