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Introduction to Excel Formulas

This document serves as an introduction to Excel formulas, detailing their purpose and structure. It covers basic arithmetic operations, commonly used functions, logical formulas, lookup and reference functions, text functions, date and time functions, and advanced formulas, accompanied by examples and practice exercises. The content is designed to facilitate effective learning and application of Excel formulas.

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6 views

Introduction to Excel Formulas

This document serves as an introduction to Excel formulas, detailing their purpose and structure. It covers basic arithmetic operations, commonly used functions, logical formulas, lookup and reference functions, text functions, date and time functions, and advanced formulas, accompanied by examples and practice exercises. The content is designed to facilitate effective learning and application of Excel formulas.

Uploaded by

securenetcyber
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Excel Formulas

What Are Excel Formulas?


Excel formulas are expressions used to perform calculations, manipulate data, and automate
tasks in a spreadsheet. They always begin with an equals sign (=).

Basic Arithmetic Formulas


1. Addition

 Formula: =A1 + B1
 How to Use: Place two numerical values in cells A1 and B1, then type =A1 + B1 in
another cell to get the sum.
 Example: If A1 = 10 and B1 = 5, then =A1 + B1 returns 15.

2. Subtraction

 Formula: =A1 - B1
 Example: If A1 = 10 and B1 = 5, then =A1 - B1 returns 5.

3. Multiplication

 Formula: =A1 * B1
 Example: If A1 = 10 and B1 = 5, then =A1 * B1 returns 50.

4. Division

 Formula: =A1 / B1
 Example: If A1 = 10 and B1 = 5, then =A1 / B1 returns 2.

5. Exponentiation

 Formula: =A1^B1
 Example: If A1 = 2 and B1 = 3, then =A1^B1 returns 8.

6. Modulus (Remainder)

 Formula: =MOD(A1, B1)


 Example: If A1 = 10 and B1 = 3, then =MOD(A1, B1) returns 1.

Commonly Used Functions


1. SUM

 Formula: =SUM(A1:A10)
 How to Use: Adds all values in the range.
 Example: If A1:A5 contains {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}, then =SUM(A1:A5) returns 150.

2. AVERAGE

 Formula: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)
 How to Use: Computes the mean of the selected range.
 Example: If A1:A5 contains {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}, then =AVERAGE(A1:A5) returns 30.

3. MIN/MAX

 Formula: =MIN(A1:A10), =MAX(A1:A10)


 Example: If A1:A5 contains {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}, then =MIN(A1:A5) returns 10, and
=MAX(A1:A5) returns 50.

4. COUNT/COUNTA

 Formula: =COUNT(A1:A10), =COUNTA(A1:A10)


 Example: If A1:A10 contains {10, 20, "text", 40, "word", 60}, then =COUNT(A1:A10)
returns 4 (only numbers), while =COUNTA(A1:A10) returns 6 (counts all non-empty
cells).

Logical Formulas
1. IF

 Formula: =IF(A1>10, "High", "Low")


 Example: If A1 = 15, it returns "High".

2. IFS

 Formula: =IFS(A1>10, "High", A1>5, "Medium", TRUE, "Low")


 Example: If A1 = 7, it returns "Medium".

3. AND/OR/NOT

 Formula: =AND(A1>5, B1<10), =OR(A1>5, B1<10), =NOT(A1>10)


 Example: If A1 = 7 and B1 = 12, =AND(A1>5, B1<10) returns FALSE, while
=OR(A1>5, B1<10) returns TRUE.

Lookup & Reference Functions


 VLOOKUP: =VLOOKUP(50, A2:B10, 2, FALSE)
 HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(50, A1:J2, 2, FALSE)
 INDEX/MATCH: =INDEX(B2:B10, MATCH(50, A2:A10, 0))
 CHOOSE: =CHOOSE(2, "Apple", "Banana", "Cherry") returns "Banana".

Text Functions
 LEFT/RIGHT/MID: Extract specific parts of a text.
 LEN: Returns the number of characters in a text.
 TEXT: Formats numbers as text.
 SUBSTITUTE: Replaces text in a string.

Date & Time Functions


 TODAY/NOW: Returns the current date/time.
 YEAR/MONTH/DAY: Extracts date parts.
 DATEDIF: Finds difference between dates in years, months, or days.

Advanced & Miscellaneous Formulas


 ROUND/ROUNDUP/ROUNDDOWN: Rounds numbers to a specific decimal place.
 RAND/RANDBETWEEN: Generates random numbers.
 UNIQUE: Extracts unique values.
 FILTER: Filters values based on conditions.
Practice Table: Sales Data
Use the table below to practice formulas.

Name Total Sales Commission Salary Tips


John Doe 5000 500 3000 200
Jane Smith 6000 600 3200 250
Mark Lee 4500 450 2900 180
Lucy Brown 7000 700 3400 300
Tom White 5500 550 3100 220
Emma Davis 4800 480 2800 190
Liam Green 6500 650 3300 270
Mia Black 5300 530 3000 210
Noah Blue 7200 720 3500 320
Ava Red 4900 490 2900 200

Practice Exercises

1. Calculate Commission Percentage: Use =B2*0.1 for each row.


2. Find the Highest Salary: Use =MAX(D2:D11).
3. Calculate the Average Tips Given: Use =AVERAGE(E2:E11).
4. Find the Employee with the Highest Sales: Use =INDEX(A2:A11,
MATCH(MAX(B2:B11), B2:B11, 0)).
5. Find the Employee with the Lowest Commission: Use =INDEX(A2:A11,
MATCH(MIN(C2:C11), C2:C11, 0)).
6. Check if Any Employee Earned More Than 7000 in Sales: Use
=IF(MAX(B2:B11)>7000, "Yes", "No").

These notes provide an in-depth guide to essential Excel formulas with detailed explanations,
examples, and practice exercises for effective learning.

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