Computer

Project
NAME: DHRUVA.V
ADMN NO: 5004344
CLASS: XII

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS [ T O C ]

SER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

01 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 04

02 INTRODUCTION 05

03 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 05

04 PROPOSED SYSTEM 06

05 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 07

06 PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE 08

07 FLOW CHART 15

08 SOURCE CODE 16

09 OUTPUT 19

10 TESTING 20

11 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 23

12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of
this project.

I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for the
successful completion of the project.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement while

carrying out this project.

I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of theindividuals who contributed in

bringing this project up tothis level, who continues to look after me despite my flaws,

I am overwhelmed to express my thanks to The Administrative Officer for

providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out this project in the
school.

The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed and
who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am
grateful for their constant support and help.

4
 PROJECT ON UPSC REGISTRATION INFORMATION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION This programme helps the users to add a UPSC registration details

of particular
student, After feeding information this programme automatically generates a
registration Number and displays it. The user can use the registration number to view
their registered details. This programme can be used only if the Login ID and the
Password is correct by doing so we enforce security and restriction of unauthorised
access.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to let the students apply the programming knowledge

into a real- world situation/problem and exposed the students how programming skills

helps in developing a good software.

1. Write programs utilizing modern software tools.

2. Apply object oriented programming principles effectively when developing small

to medium sized projects.

3. Write effective procedural code to solve small to medium sized problems.

4. Students will demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in computer science, as

exemplified in the areas of systems, theory and software development.

5. Students will demonstrate ability to conduct a research or applied Computer

Science project, requiring writing and presentation skills which exemplify scholarly

style in computer science.

5
PROPOSED SYSTEM

Today one cannot afford to rely on the fallible human beings of be really wants

to stand against today’s merciless competition where not to wise saying “to err is

human” no longer valid, it’s out-dated to rationalize your mistake. So, to keep pace

with time, to bring about the best result without malfunctioning and greater efficiency

so to replace the unending heaps of flies with a muchsophisticated hard disk of the

computer.

One has to use the data management software. Software has been an ascent in

atomizationvarious organisations. Many software products working are now in

markets, which have helped in making the organizations work easier and efficiently.

Data management initially hadto maintain a lot of ledgers and a lot of paperwork has

to be done but now software producton this organization has made their work

fasterand easier. Now only this software has to beloaded on the computer and work

can be done.

This prevents a lot of time and money. Thework becomes fully automated and any

information regarding the organization can beobtained by clicking the button.

Moreover, nowit’s an age of computers of and automatingsuch an organization gives

the better look.

6
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

The systems development life cycle is a projectmanagement technique that divides

complexprojects into smaller, more easily managedsegments or phases.
Segmenting projectsallows managers to verify the successfulcompletion of project
phases before allocatingresources to subsequent phases.
Software developmentprojects typically include initiation, planning,design,
development, testing, implementation,and maintenance phases. However, the
phasesmay be divided differently depending on theorganization involved.
For example, initialproject activities might be designated asrequest, requirements-
definition, and planningphases, or initiation, concept-development,and planning
phases. End users of the systemunder development should be involved
inreviewing the output of each phase to ensurethe system is being built to deliver the
neededfunctionality.

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 PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

INITIATION PHASE

The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need or an

opportunity.

The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:

Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business accomplishments of

the organization or a deficiency related to a business need.
Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need.
Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy the
need including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in the
business process offer a solution?
Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship. The Sponsor
designates a Project Manager and the business need is documented in a
Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes information about the
business process and the relationship to the Agency/Organization.
Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan. A successful Concept Proposal results in
a Project Management Charter which outlines the authority of the project
manager to begin
the project.

Careful oversight is required to ensure projects support strategic business

objectives and resources are effectively implemented into an organization's enterprise
architecture. The initiation phase begins when an opportunity to add, improve, or
correct a system is identified and formally requested through the presentation of a
business case. The business case should, at a minimum, describe a proposal’s
purpose, identify expected benefits, and explain how the proposed system supports
one of the organization’s business strategies. The business case should also identify
alternative solutions and detail as many informational, functional, and network
requirements as possible.

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SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PHASE

The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or opportunity
is validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the
Agency/Organization CIO.

The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to:

Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.

Identify system interfaces.
Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need.
Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success factors,
and performance measures.
Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic
functional requirements
Assess project risks
Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, and Develop high-level technical
architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of operations. This
phase explores potential technical solutions within the context of the business
need.

It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use COTS
software products as opposed to developing custom software or reusing
software components, or the decision to use an incremental delivery versus a
complete, onetime deployment.
Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate technology to
support the business process. The System Boundary Document serves as an
important reference document to support the Information Technology Project
Request (ITPR) process.
The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO before the project can move
forward.

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PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SDLC:

PLANNING PHASE

The planning phase is the most critical step in completing development,

acquisition, and maintenance projects. Careful planning, particularly in the early
stages of a project, isnecessary to coordinate activities and manage project risks
effectively. The depth and formality of project plans should be commensurate with the
characteristics and risks of a given project. Project plans refine the information
gathered during the initiation phase by further identifying the specificactivities and
resources required to complete a project.

A critical part of a project manager’sjob is to coordinate discussions between

user, audit, security, design, development, and network personnel to identify and
document as many functional, security, and networkrequirements as possible. During
this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to be used and includes
a discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources, project schedules, and user input.
Personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, and target dates are established.
A Project Management Plan is created with components related to acquisition
planning, configuration management planning, quality assurance planning, concept of

10
operations, system security, verification and validation, and systems engineering
management planning.

REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS PHASE

This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements using
high-level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept, and Planning
phases. It also delineates the requirements in terms of data, system performance,
security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The requirements are
defined in this phase to a level of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. They
need to be measurable, testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity
identified in the Initiation Phase. The requirements that will be used to determine
acceptance of the system are captured in the Test and Evaluation Master Plan.

The purposes of this phase are to:

Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and document
them in the Requirements Document,
Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be supported
(i.e., verify what information drives the business process, what information is
generated, who generates it, where does the information go, and who
processes it),
Develop detailed data and process models (system inputs, outputs, and the
process.
Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to determine
acceptable system performance.

DESIGN PHASE

The design phase involves converting the informational, functional, and

network requirements identified during the initiation and planning phases into unified
design specifications that developers use to script programs during the development
phase. Program designs areconstructed in various ways. Using a top-down approach,
designers first identify and link major program components and interfaces, then
expand design layouts as they identify and link smaller subsystems and connections.

11
Using a bottom-up approach, designers first identify and link minor program
components and interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify and link larger
systems and connections. Contemporary design techniques often use prototyping tools
that build mock-up designs of items such as application screens, database layouts, and
system architectures. End users, designers, developers, database managers, and
network administrators should review and refine the prototyped designs in an iterative
process until they agree on an acceptable design. Audit, security, and quality
assurance personnel should be involved in the review and approval process. During
this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the functional requirements identified in
the previous phase. Since problems in the design phase could be very expensive to
solve in the later stage of the software development, a variety of elements are
considered in the design to mitigate risk. These include:

Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features.

Performing a security risk assessment.
Developing a conversion plan to migrate current data to the new system.
Determining the operating environment.
Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs.
Allocating processes to resources.
Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module. The result is
a draft System Design Document which captures the preliminary design for the
system.
Everything requiring user input or approval is documented and reviewed by the
user. Once these documents have been approved by the Agency CIO and
Business Sponsor, the final System Design Document is created to serve as
the Critical/Detailed Design for the system.
This document receives a rigorous review by Agency technical and functional
representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business requirements.
Concurrent with the development of the system design, the Agency Project
Manager begins development of the Implementation Plan, Operations and
Maintenance Manual, and the Training Plan.

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

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 The development phase involves converting design specifications into executable
programs. Effective development standards include requirements that programmers
and other project participants discuss design specifications before programming
begins. The procedures help ensure programmers clearly understand program
designs and functional requirements. Programmers use various techniques to
develop computer programs. The large transaction oriented programs associated
with financial institutions have traditionally been developed using procedural
programming techniques. Procedural programming involves the line-by-line
scripting of logical instructions that are combined to form a program. Effective
completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the Development
phase. The Development phase consists of:

Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components.

Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.

INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE

Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is

conducted during the integration and test phase. The user, with those
responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional requirements, as
defined in the functional requirements document, are satisfied by the developed
or modified system. OIT Security staff assesses the system security and issue
a security certification and accreditation prior to installation/implementation.

Multiple levels of testing are performed, including:

Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported

by end users

13
 Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract
personnel

Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions.

Requirements are traced throughout testing, a final Independent Verification &
Validation evaluation is performed and all documentation is reviewed and
accepted prior to acceptance of the system.

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the
user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions.
System performance is compared to performance objectives established during the
planning phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of
hardware, installation of software onto production computers, and integration of the
system into daily work processes. This phase continues until the system is operating
in production in accordance with the defined user requirements.

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

The system operation is on-going. The system is monitored for continued

performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications
are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the system can be effectively
adapted to respond to the organization’s needs. When modifications or changes are
identified, the system may re-enter the planning phase.

The purpose of this phase is to:

Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.

Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional
requirements continue to be satisfied.
Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.

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 FLOW CHART FOR LOGIN TABLE

import mysql.connector as sql

conn=sql.connect (host='local
host',user='root',passwd='co
mputer',database='UPSC')

c1=conn.cu rsor()

c1.execute("create table l ogin_info (user

varchar(10) primary key, pass varchar(10)) ")

us=input(" user")

pa=input(" pass")

c1.execute("insert i nto login_info

values('"+us+"', '"+pa+"')")
conn.com mit()

STOP

FLOW CHART FOR REGISTRATION TABLE

15
 STAR T

import mysql.connector as sql

conn=sql.connect(host='localhost',user='root'
,passwd='computer',database='UPSC')

c1=conn.c ursor()

c1.execute("create table registration_information (name varchar(20) ,father_name

varchar(15),mother_name varchar(15),examination_applied varchar(40),year
int(4),gender varchar(11),date_of_birth varchar(10),nationality
varchar(15),marital_status varchar(10),community varchar(4),minority
varchar(4),add_1 varchar(40),add_2 varchar(40),add_3 varchar(40),dist
varchar(20),state varchar(20),pin_code int(6),pho_no int (10),mobile_no int
(10),e_mail varchar(45),education_qualification varchar (100),preferance
varchar(10),p_f_cds_pabt int (3),sainik_milt_sch int(3),son_sainik_mil_sch int
(3),aadhar_no bigint)")

FLOW CHART FOR VIEWING OR ADDING DETAILS

START

16
 import mysql.connector as sql

conn=sql.connect(host='localhost',user
='root',passwd='computer',database='
UPSC')

c1=conn.cursor()

c1.execute("select * from login_info")

dat=c1.fetchall()

user=inp ut("Ente r user n ame")

passwd=input("Enter the password")

if
(user,pass

TRUE

print("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ UPSC
REGISTARATION$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")

print("1:ADD DETAILS")

print("2:VIEW DETAILS")

print("3:QUIT")

ch=int(input("Enter the choice--"))

FALSE
if
ch==1

TRUE

17
c1.execute("select * from registration_information")
v_data=c1.fetchall() v_count=len(v_data) v_reg_no=(v_count+1)
v_ea=input("Enter the examination applied--") v_yr=input("Enter the year--")
v_name=input("Enter your name--") v_gen=input("Enter your gender--")
v_dob=input("Enter your date of birth--") v_f_na=input("Enter you father
name--") v_m_na=input("Enter your mother name--") v_nat=input("Enter your
nationality--") v_mar_st=input("Enter your marital staus--")
v_comm=input("Enter your community--") v_min=input("Do you belong to
minority--") v_add1=input("Enter address line1--") v_add2=input("Enter
address line2--") v_add3=input("Enter address line3--") v_dist=input("Enter
your district--") v_state=input("Enter your state--") v_pin=input("Enter your
pin code--") v_pho=input("Enter your phone number--") v_mob=input("Enter
your mobile number--") v_ema=input("Enter your mail ID--")
v_edu=input("Enter your education qualification--")
v_aadh=input("Enter your aadhar number--")
v_pre=input("Enter your preferance--")
v_p_f=input("Did you ever fail in CPSS(Computerised Pilot Selection System)

or""\n"" PABT (Pilot Aptitude Battery Test) Examination of Air Force--")

v_stu_sa=input("Whether Student of Sainik/Military School--")
v_son_mil=input("Whether Son of JCO/NCO/Other Rank officers and
studying in Sainik Military School--")
v_sql=("insert into registration_information values
("+v_aadh+","+"'"+v_f_na+"'"+","+"'"+v_m_na+"','"+v_ea+"',"+v_yr+",'"+v_gen+"','"
+v_dob+"','"+v_nat+"','"+v_mar_st+"','"+v_comm+"','"+v_min+"','"+v_add1+"','"+v_
avd_dp2re+="i'n,'"p+uvt_("aEdndt3e+r "y'o,'"u+rv p_rdeifsetr+a"n',c'"e+-v-"_)s tate+"',"+v_pin+","+v_pho+
+v_ema+"','"+v_edu+"','"+v_pre+"','"+v_p_f+"','"+v_stu_sa+"','"+v_son_mil+"','"+v_
n a m e + v"'_,"p+_sft=ri(nvp_uret(g"_Dnido )y+o"u)" )e ver fail in CPSS(Computerised Pilot Selection
S y s t e m p)r oinrt"("v\_ns"q"l )P ABT (Pilot Aptitude Battery Test) Examination of Air Force--
")
print("registered successfully your registartion number is--",v_reg_no)
v_stu_sa=input("Whether Student of Sainik/Military School--")
c1.execute(v_sql)
v_son_mil=input("Whether Son of JCO/NCO/Other Rank officers and
s t u d y i ncgo ninn .Scaoimnikm Mit(i)li tary School--")

v_sql=("insert into registration_information values

18
("+v_aadh+","+"'"+v_f_na+"'"+","+"'"+v_m_na+"','"+v_ea+"',"+v_yr+",'"+v_ge
n+"','"+v_dob+"','"+v_nat+"','"+v_mar_st+"','"+v_comm+"','"+v_min+"','"+v_a
dd1+"','"+v_add2+"','"+v_add3+"','"+v_dist+"','"+v_state+"',"+v_pin+","+v_ph
 FALSE
elif
ch=

TRUE

reg=int(input("Enter the registartion number"))

v_ch=("select * from registration_information where

reg_no="+str(reg))

c1.execute(v_ch)

data=c1.fetchone()

print('\n')

print("Registration no--",data[26])

print ("Examination applied--",data[3])

print("Mother name --",data[2])
print ("Year --",data[4])
print("Nationality --",data[7])
print("Name --",data[25])
print("Marital status--",data[8])
print ("Gender --",data[5])
print("Community--",data[9])
print ("Date of birth --",data[6])
print("Minority --",data[10])
print("Father name --",data[1])
print("Address line1 --",data[11])
print("Address line2 --",data[12])
19
print("Address line3 --",data[13])

print("District --",data[14])
 FALSE elif
ch=

TRUE

print("QUITTING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")

els
e:

20
 TRUE

print("INVALID CHOICE PLEASE TRY AGAIN")

STO P

SOURCE CODE

#creating registration table

21
import mysql.connector as sql

conn=sql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='computer

',database='UPSC')

#if conn.is_connected():

#print('connected sucessfully')

c1=conn.cursor()

c1.execute("create table registration_information (name

varchar(20) ,father_name varchar(15),mother_name

varchar(15),examination_applied varchar(40),year int(4),gender

varchar(11),date_of_birth varchar(10),nationality

varchar(15),marital_status varchar(10),community

varchar(4),minority varchar(4),add_1 varchar(40),add_2

varchar(40),add_3 varchar(40),dist varchar(20),state

varchar(20),pin_code int(6),pho_no int (10),mobile_no int

(10),e_mail varchar(45),education_qualification varchar

(100),preferance varchar(10),p_f_cds_pabt int

(3),sainik_milt_sch int(3),son_sainik_mil_sch int

(3),aadhar_no bigint)")

#creating login info

import mysql.connector as sql

22
conn=sql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='computer

',database='UPSC')

#if conn.is_connected():

#print('connected sucessfully')

c1=conn.cursor() #v_sql=("create table login_info (user

varchar(10) primary key, pass varchar(10)) ") #print(v_sql)

#c1.execute(v_sql) us=input("user") pa=input("pass") v_sq=

("insert into login_info values('"+us+"','"+pa+"')") print(v_sq)

c1.execute(v_sq) conn.commit()

# for getting info, showing info

import mysql.connector as sql

23
conn=sql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='computer

',database='UPSC')

#if conn.is_connected():

#print('connected sucessfully')

c1=conn.cursor()

c1.execute("select * from login_info")

dat=c1.fetchall()

user=input("Enter user name")

passwd=input("Enter the password")

if (user,passwd) in dat:

print("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ UPSC

REGISTARATION$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")

print("1:ADD DETAILS")

print("2:VIEW DETAILS")

print("3:QUIT")

ch=int(input("Enter the choice--"))

if ch==1:

c1.execute("select * from

registration_information")

v_data=c1.fetchall()

v_count=len(v_data)

v_reg_no=(v_count+1)

v_ea=input("Enter the examination applied--")

v_yr=input("Enter the year--")

24
v_name=input("Enter your name--")

v_gen=input("Enter your gender--")

v_dob=input("Enter your date of birth--")

v_f_na=input("Enter you father name--")

v_m_na=input("Enter your mother name--")

v_nat=input("Enter your nationality--")

v_mar_st=input("Enter your marital staus--")

v_comm=input("Enter your community--")

v_min=input("Do you belong to minority--")

v_add1=input("Enter address line1--")

v_add2=input("Enter address line2--")

v_add3=input("Enter address line3--")

v_dist=input("Enter your district--")

v_state=input("Enter your state--")

v_pin=input("Enter your pin code--")

v_pho=input("Enter your phone number--")

v_mob=input("Enter your mobile number--")

v_ema=input("Enter your mail ID--")

v_edu=input("Enter your education qualification--")

v_aadh=input("Enter your aadhar number--")

v_pre=input("Enter your preferance--")

v_p_f=input("Did you ever fail in CPSS(Computerised

Pilot Selection System) or""\n"" PABT (Pilot Aptitude Battery

Test) Examination of Air Force--")

v_stu_sa=input("Whether Student of Sainik/Military

School--")

25
 v_son_mil=input("Whether Son of JCO/NCO/Other Rank

officers and studying in Sainik Military School--")

v_sql=("insert into registration_information

values ("+v_aadh+","+"'"+v_f_na+"'"+","+"'"+v_m_na+"','"+v_ea+"',"+v_

yr+",'"+v_gen+"','"+v_dob+"','"+v_nat+"','"+v_mar_st+"','"+v_c

omm+"','"+v_min+"','"+v_add1+"','"+v_add2+"','"+v_add3+"','"+v

_dist+"','"+v_state+"',"+v_pin+","+v_pho+","+v_mob+",'"+v_ema+

"','"+v_edu+"','"+v_pre+"','"+v_p_f+"','"+v_stu_sa+"','"+v_son

_mil+"','"+v_name+"',"+str(v_reg_no)+")")

print(v_sql)

print("registered successfully your registartion

number is--",v_reg_no)

c1.execute(v_sql)

conn.commit()

elif ch==2:

print('\n')

reg=int(input("Enter the registartion number"))

v_ch=("select * from registration_information where

reg_no="+str(reg))

c1.execute(v_ch)

data=c1.fetchone()

print('\n',"registration no--",data[26],'\n')

print ("Examination applied--",data[3],'\n')

print ("Year --",data[4],'\n')

print("Name --",data[25],'\n')

26
 print ("Gender --",data[5],'\n')

print ("Date of birth --",data[6],'\n')

print("Father name --",data[1],'\n')

print("Mother name --",data[2],'\n')

print("Nationality --",data[7],'\n')

print("Marital status--",data[8],'\n')

print("Community--",data[9],'\n')

print("Minority --",data[10],'\n')

print("Address line1 --",data[11],'\n')

print("Address line2 --",data[12],'\n')

print("Address line3 --",data[13],'\n')

print("District --",data[14],'\n') print("State

--",data[15],'\n')

print("Pin code --",data[16],'\n') --

print("Phone no ",data[17],'\n')

print("Mobile no--",data[18],'\n')

print("E mail --",data[19],'\n')

print("Education_qualification--",data[20],'\n')

print("Aadhar no --",data[0],'\n')

print("Preferance --",data[21],'\n')

print("Cds\pabt passed --",data[22],'\n')

print("Belong to sainik\miltary school--

",data[23],'\n')

print("Son of miltary man adnd studying in saink

miltary school--",data[24],'\n')

27
 elif ch==3:

print("QUITTING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")

else :

print("INVALID CHOICE PLEASE TRY AGAIN")

OUTPUT

# adding details

28
#Viewing detail

29
 TESTING

Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide

stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test[1]

30
, with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate. Software Testing also
provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to
appreciate and understand the risks at implementation of the software. Test
techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or
application with the intent of finding software bugs.
It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product meets the business and technical requirements that
guided its design and development, so that it works as expected and can be
implemented with the same characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the testing
method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process,
however the most test effort is employed after the requirements have been defined and
coding process has been completed.

TESTING METHODS
Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and
white box testing. These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that
a test engineer takes when designing test cases.

BLACK BOX TESTING

Black box testing treats the software as a "black box," without any knowledge
of internal implementation. Black box testing methods include: equivalence
partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based
testing, traceability matrix, exploratory testing and specification-based testing.

SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING

Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according

to the applicable requirements.[16] Thus, the tester inputs data into, and only sees the
output from, the test object. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases
to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output
value (or behaviour), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in
the test case. Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard
against certain risks

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception is
very simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask and you shall receive,"
black box testers find bugs where programmers don't. But, on the other hand, black
box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight,"
because the tester doesn't know how the software being tested was actually
constructed.
That's why there are situations when (1) a black box tester writes many test
cases to check something that can be tested by only one test case, and/or (2) some
parts of the back end are not tested at all. Therefore, black box testing has the
advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and the disadvantage of "blind
exploring," on the other.

WHITE BOX TESTING

White box testing, by contrast to black box testing, is when the tester has
access to the internal data structures and algorithms (and the code that implement
these)

Types of white box testing:-

The following types of white box testing exist:
api testing - Testing of the application using Public and Private APIs.
Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage.
For example, the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the
program to be executed at least once.
fault injection methods.
mutation testing methods.
static testing - White box testing includes all static testing.

CODE COMPLETENESS EVALUATION

White box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of a
test suite that was created with black box testing methods. This allows the software

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team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most
important function points have been tested.

Two common forms of code coverage are:

FunctionCoverage: Which reports on functions executed and
StatementCoverage:Which reports on the number of lines executed to
complete the test.
They both return coverage metric, measured as a percentage

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

I.OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS 7 AND ABOVE

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II. PROCESSOR : PENTIUM(ANY) OR AMD

ATHALON(3800+- 4200+ DUALCORE)

III. MOTHERBOARD : 1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM 0R MSI

K9MM-V VIAK8M800+8237R PLUS

CHIPSET FOR AMD ATHALON

IV. RAM : 512MB+

V. Hard disk : SATA 40 GB OR ABOVE

VI. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo: (If back up required)

:VII. FLOPPY DRIVE 1.44 MB (If Backup required)

VIII. MONITOR 14.1 or 15 -17 inch

IX. Key board and mouse

X. Printer : (if print is required – [Hard copy])

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

I. Windows OS
II. Python
III. MySQL

34
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Computer science With Python - Class XI By : Sumita Arora 2. A

Project Report On Blood Bank Management System (BBMS)
By : Praveen M Jigajinni
3. Website: https://www.w3resource.com

***

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