PHYSICS

F.Sc / ICS – 2nd Year

CHAPTER 20
ATOMIC SPECTRA
MCQs
1. The ionization energy of hydrogen is 13.6 eV . The energy required to remove an electron from 2nd orbit
is:
(a) 13.6 eV (b) 3.4 eV (c) 9.5 eV (d) 1.5 eV
2. The potential difference applied to an X-rays tube is increased, as a result, in the emitted radiation:
(a) The maximum wavelength becomes zero
(b) The minimum wavelength remains unchanged
(c) The maximum wavelength increases
(d) The minimum wavelength decreases
3. Which X-rays has least wavelength out of the following:
(a) k (b) K  (c) L (d) L
4. According to Bohr’s atomic model:
(a) An atom has heavy, negatively charged nucleus
(b) The electron radiate energy only when it jumps to inner orbit
(c) The electron can move only in particular orbit
(d) Both B & C
5. Minimum wavelength of X-rays is related to applied potential as shown by graph:

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
6. In the main postulates of Bohr atomic theory, the angular momentum of electron in hydrogen atom is
given by the relationship:
 nh Ze2
(a) mvr  (b) mvr  (c) (d) mvr  hve
n 2 4 Ea mv
7. When the voltage of the target in the X-rays tube increases then the:
(a) Penetrating power of X-ray increases (b) Wavelength of X-ray increases
(c) Intensity of X-ray decreases (d) All of these
8. X-rays are widely used as a diagnostic tool in medicine because of its:
(a) Particle property (b) High penetrating power
(c) Cost of X-ray unit is low (d) It is not electromagnetic wave
9. Soft X-rays have:
 (a) High energy (b) High frequency
(c) Low energy (d) Refracted by heavy atom
10. An X-ray tube is operated at a constant potential difference and it is required to get X-rays of wavelength
not less than 0.2nm. Then potential difference in KV is:
(a) 24.8 (b) 6.2 (c) 12.4 (d) 3.1
11. The wavelength of X-rays is of order:
(a) Micron (b) Angstrom (c) Centimeter (d) Fermi
12. What will be the energy of the accelerated electron used to produce X-rays when the accelerating
potential is 10 kV :
(a) 1.6 1015 J (b) 6.4 1016 J (c) 4.8 1016 J (d) 3.2 1016 J
13. Bremsstrahlung effect is:
(a) Diffraction of X-rays (b) Production of characteristic X-rays
(c) Absorption of X-rays (d) Production of Continuous X-rays
14. The intensity wavelength diagram of X-rays from a coolidge tube is shown as:

The minimum wavelength found is m and wavelength K  X-ray is  .By increasing tube voltage:
(a) m decreases but  increases (b) m increases but  decreases
(c) m decreases but  remains same (d)  decreases but m remains same
15. L X-rays are produced by the transition of electrons from:
(a) n  2 to n  1 (b) n  3 to n  1 (c) n  3 to n  2 (d) n  4 to n  2
16. A tungsten target is struck by electron that have been accelerated from rest through 80 KV potential
difference. The shortest wavelength of the bremsstrahlung radiation emitted is:
0 0 0 0
(a) 0.3A (b) 0.6 A (c) 0.9 A (d) 0.15 A
th st
17. An electron in hydrogen atom jumps from 5 orbit to 1 orbit. The wavelength of emitted radiation is:
25 25 25 25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
RH 24 RH 5 RH 7 RH
18. CAT scanner consists of a large number of detectors which measure the:
(a) Absorption of X-rays by the subject (b) Hardness/softness of the subject
(c) Density of the subject (d) All of these
19. CAT-scans can differentiate between the two portions of the body, if density difference is:
(a) Lesser than or equal to 1% (b) Lesser than or equal to 10%
(c) Greater than or equal to 1% (d) All of these
20. Production of X-rays can be regarded as the inverse of:
(a) Compton effect (b) Photoelectric effect
(c) Pair production (d) Annihilation of matter
21. Which is not true for X-rays?
(a) X-rays are not deflected by electric field
(b) X-rays consists of electromagnetic waves
(c) X-rays can be prominently diffracted by grating
(d) X-rays can cause cancer
22. X-rays photon carry enough energy:
(a) To penetrate into the solid structures (b) To break the molecular bonds
 (c) To vaporize the solids (d) Both a and b
23. The beam of X-ray emitted from a target metal is:
(a) Monochromatic (b) Coherent
(c) Both monochromatic and coherent (d) Neither monochromatic nor coherent
24. What is the correct order of momentum of the X-ray photon in K-series?
(a) K  K   K (b) K  K   K
(c) K  K   K (d) K K  K
25. The word ‘CAT’ in the CAT-scanning stands out for:
(a) Continuously Applied on Tumors (b) Computerized Axial Tomography
(c) Computerized Axial Topography (d) Both b and c
26. The energy required to remove an electron in a hydrogen atom from n = 10 state is:
(a) 0.136 eV (b) 13.6 eV (c) 1.36 eV (d) 0.0136 eV
27. The no. of possible emission lines (if electron is initially in state n=4) and falls to ground state, would be:
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
28. Two electronic transitions are occurred in target atoms of Xray tube, one from L shell to K shell & other
from N shell to L shell, which emitted X-ray photon, has more energy?
(a) L shell to K shell (b) N shell to L shell (c) Same in both cases (d) None of these
29. Ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV . Hydrogen atoms in the ground state are excited by
monochromatic radiation of photon of energy 12.1 eV . The no. of spectral lines emitted by hydrogen
atoms according to Bohr’s theory will be:
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four
30. An X-ray tube is operated at 25 kV. The minimum wavelength produce is:
0 0 0 0
(a) 0.75 A (b) 0.5 A (c) 0.25 A (d) 1A
o
31. For the production of X-rays of wavelength 1.0 A , the minimum potential difference will be:
(a) 124 kV (b) 12.4kV (c) 248kV (d) 24.8kV
32. The characteristic of the target element that determines the frequency of the characteristic X-rays is:
(a) Its melting point (b) Its atomic number (c) It conductivity (d) Its mass number
33. Laser is device which can produce:
(a) Coherent beam of light (b) Monochromatic beam of light
(c) An intense beam of light (d) All of above
34. Reflecting mirrors in laser is used for:
(a) Further stimulation (b) Producing more energetic laser
(c) Both a & b (d) None of these
35. Laser beam can be used to generate three dimensional images of object in a process called:
(a) Holography (b) Tomography (c) None of these (d) Both a & b
36. Helium-Neon laser discharge tube contains neon:
(a) 82% (b) 15% (c) 25% (d) 85%
37. The radius of third orbit of hydrogen atom is greater than the radius of first orbit by a factor of:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9
38. X-rays are similar in nature to:
(a) Cathode rays (b) Positive (c)   rays (d)   rays
39. The metastable states of atoms:
(a) Excited atoms states of long period (b) Excited atoms states of short period
(c) Ground states of atoms (d) All of the above
40. The excited atoms return to their ground state in:
(a) 1010 s (b) 1015 s (c) 108 s (d) 106 s
41. The ratio of the specific charge of a proton to that of an   particle is:
(a) 1: 4 (b) 1: 2 (c) 4 :1 (d) 2 :1
42. If V is the accelerating voltage, then the maximum frequency of X-rays emitted from X-rays tube is given
by:
eh hV eV h
(a) (b) (c) (d)
V e h eV
43. In any Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom, the ratio of the kinetic energy to the potential energy of the
electron is:
(a) 1/ 2 (b) 2 (c) 1/ 2 (d)  2
44. The ratio of energies of K  -X-rays and K -X-rays is:
(a) Less than 1 (b) Greater than 1 (c) Equal to 1 (d) Equal to 2
45. Rydberg constant RH =:
Eo Eo hc
(a) (b) (c) Eo hc (d)
h hc Eo

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define spectroscopy.
2. Write postulates of Bohr’s model of the Hydrogen atom.
3. Find the speed of the electron in the first Bohr orbit.
4. What are X-rays.
5. Whether electrons are present in atomic nuclei, explain using uncertainty principle.
6. What are conditions for laser action to occur.
7. Write some uses of Laser.
8. Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom is based upon several assumptions. Do any of these assumptions
contradict classical physics?
9. What is meant by a line spectrum? Explain, how line spectrum can be used for line identification of
elements?
10. Can the electron in the ground state of hydrogen absorb a photon of energy 13.6 eV and greater
than 13.6 eV?
11. Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
12. What do we mean when we say that the atom is excited?
13. What are the advantages of lasers over ordinary light?
14. Explain why laser action could not occur without population inversion between atomic levels?
15. Prove Bohr’s second postulate.
16. For Balmer series, calculate wavelength for transition from 5th to 2nd energy state.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. Explain quantized radii.
2. Explain quantized energies.

PROBLEMS
1. What are the energies in eV of quanta of wavelength? λ = 700 nm.
2. Compute the shortest wavelength radiation in the Balmer series. What value of n must be used?
3. Calculate the longest wavelength of radiation for the Paschen series.