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C4 Interaction & Independence: Ecosystems

The document discusses various sampling methods for studying ecosystems, including random sampling and capture-mark-recapture techniques. It covers concepts such as carrying capacity, population control, growth curves, and interspecific relationships within communities. Additionally, it addresses the impact of invasive species and competitive exclusion on native populations.

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7 views2 pages

C4 Interaction & Independence: Ecosystems

The document discusses various sampling methods for studying ecosystems, including random sampling and capture-mark-recapture techniques. It covers concepts such as carrying capacity, population control, growth curves, and interspecific relationships within communities. Additionally, it addresses the impact of invasive species and competitive exclusion on native populations.

Uploaded by

s shi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C4 Interaction & Independence: Ecosystems

Sampling methods –
sample
– random smapling
– sampling error
– stratifed sampling
– systematic samploing Random quadrat sampling
– 1
– 2–3–4
Calculating Standard deviation
– variation
– range
– sd
– normal distrubtion estimating population size for motile orgaisms
– Capture-mark-relaease-recapture
– calculating the lincolin index
– lincoln index assumptions

Carrying capacity
– max number of individuals of a species that canbe supported by given
environment/competition/limiting factor

Negative feedback control of population size by density-dependent factors


– negative feedback
– density dependent
– internal density dependent factors
– external densoty dependent factors

Growth curves
- exponential growth curve
- more recourse – less competition
- Not infinite – will be limited in ways
- Sigmoid growth curve
- Exponential growth
- Transition phase
- Plateau phase
- Immigration is entering Emigration is leaving
Communities
- Intraspecific
- Competition between individuals of the same species
- Cooperation
- The action or process of working together
- Altruism
- Behaviour of an animal that benefits another at its own expense. Biologists call a
behaviour pattern altruistic if it increases the number of offspring produced by the
recipient and the decrease that of the altruist
- Interspecific relationships within communities
- Herbivory
- Ownly when organi8sm feeds on plants
- Predation
- Feeds on plants
- Mutualism
- An interaction in which both species derive benefits
- Parasitism
- When one lives base on the others to derive food
- Pathogenicity
- Capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host resulting in disease

- Rgizobium root nodules in fabaceae


- Root nodule: small swelling on the root of plants that contain symbiotic nitrogen
fixing bacteria
- Symbiotic: a close and long term biological interaction between two different species
- Coral and zooxanthellae
- Cnidarian - agroup that also includes sea anemones and jelly fish
- Coral are colonial organisms made up of individual polyps 1-3mm in diameter,
with stinging tenticales arranged around a central mouth

Competition
- Alien species are species that are introduced into an area by human activity
- Invasive species are alien species that have increased rapidly in number, having a
negative effect on the environment and on native specieds
- Competitive exclusion are the lss effective competitor declines in number or is wiped
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