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ABHIJIT - Distributed DBMS Architecture

This report examines the architecture of Distributed Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing key components such as database fragments, transaction management, and query processing. It discusses design principles including transparency, scalability, and fault tolerance, as well as the advantages of improved performance and high availability. The report emphasizes the importance of a robust DBMS architecture in efficiently managing data across distributed environments to meet modern application demands.

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Abhijit Mondal
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19 views5 pages

ABHIJIT - Distributed DBMS Architecture

This report examines the architecture of Distributed Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing key components such as database fragments, transaction management, and query processing. It discusses design principles including transparency, scalability, and fault tolerance, as well as the advantages of improved performance and high availability. The report emphasizes the importance of a robust DBMS architecture in efficiently managing data across distributed environments to meet modern application demands.

Uploaded by

Abhijit Mondal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr B. C.

Roy Engineering College, Durgapur


Department of Information Technology
Continuous Assessment #2

Report
On
DISTRIBUTED DBMS ARCHITECTURE

Submitted by
Name of the Student: ABHIJIT MONDAL
University Roll: 12000221020
Paper Code: PEC-IT601B
Paper Name: Distributed Systems
ABSTRACT
This report provides an in-depth examination of the architecture of Distributed
Database Management Systems (DBMS). DBMS plays a pivotal role in
managing distributed databases across multiple sites connected through a
computer network. The report delves into the key components of Distributed
Database Management Systems architecture, including database fragments,
sites, data distribution, transaction management, query processing, data
replication, distributed management, and distributed concurrency control.
Moreover, it discusses the design principles guiding the development of DBMS
architecture, emphasizing transparency, scalability, fault tolerance,
performance optimization, and consistency. Additionally, the report highlights
the advantages offered by DBMS architecture, such as improved performance,
high availability, scalability, fault tolerance, and geographic distribution of
data. Through this comprehensive analysis, the report underscores the
significance of DBMS architecture in modern distributed computing
environments, where managing large volumes of data across multiple sites is
essential for meeting the demands of diverse applications and workloads.

INTRODUCTION
A Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS) is a system that
manages a distributed database, which is a collection of multiple, logically
interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. The Distributed
Database System is physically present on the different systems in different
locations. This can be necessary when different users from all over the world
need to access a specific database. For a user, it should be handled in such a
way that it seems like a single database. The architecture of a DDBMS is crucial
for its functionality, performance, and reliability. This report aims to explore
the architecture of a Distributed DBMS, focusing on its key components, design
principles, and advantages.
Types of Distributed DBMS Architecture
Distributed Database Management Systems (DDBMS) can be classified into
various architectural models based on how they distribute data, process
queries, and manage transactions across multiple sites. The following are some
common types of Distributed DBMS architecture:
Homogeneous Distributed DBMS: In this architecture, all sites use the same
DBMS software and have uniform access methods and data models. Data
fragmentation and distribution are transparent to users, and the system
appears as a single, integrated database. Homogeneous DDBMS ensures
consistency in data management and query processing across distributed sites.
Heterogeneous Distributed DBMS: Unlike homogeneous architecture, a
heterogeneous DDBMS involves different types of DBMS software, data
models, and access methods at different sites. This architecture provides
flexibility in integrating existing databases and systems into a distributed
environment. However, managing data heterogeneity and ensuring
interoperability between diverse DBMS platforms are key challenges in
heterogeneous DDBMS.

KEY COMPONENTS OF DISTRIBUTED DBMS


ARCHITECTURE
Database Fragments: In a distributed environment, the database is divided
into fragments, which are portions of the database distributed across multiple
sites. These fragments can be horizontal (containing rows of tables), vertical
(containing columns of tables), or a combination of both.
Site: A site is a location in the distributed system where a portion of the
database resides. Each site has its processing power and storage capacity. Sites
communicate with each other to ensure data consistency and availability.
Data Distribution: Data distribution involves deciding how to distribute data
fragments across different sites. This decision is influenced by factors such as
access patterns, network latency, and fault tolerance requirements.
Transaction Management: Transaction management ensures the consistency
and durability of distributed transactions. It involves techniques such as
distributed concurrency control, distributed deadlock detection, and
distributed recovery.
Query Processing and Optimization: Query processing involves translating
user queries into executable plans distributed across multiple sites. Query
optimization aims to minimize response time and resource usage by selecting
the most efficient execution plan.
Data Replication: Data replication involves creating and maintaining copies of
data fragments at multiple sites. Replication improves data availability and
fault tolerance but introduces challenges related to consistency and
synchronization.

Design Principles of Distributed DBMS Architecture


Transparency: Distributed DBMS architecture should provide transparency to
users and applications regarding data distribution, replication, and
communication. Users should be able to access and manipulate distributed
data as if it were stored locally.
Scalability: The architecture should be scalable to accommodate growing data
volumes and increasing numbers of users. It should support horizontal
scalability by adding more sites or nodes to the distributed system.
Fault Tolerance: Distributed systems are susceptible to failures such as
network partitions, node failures, and disk failures. The architecture should
incorporate mechanisms for fault tolerance, such as data replication,
distributed recovery, and automatic failover.
Performance Optimization: The architecture should optimize performance by
minimizing data transfer over the network, reducing query response time, and
efficiently utilizing resources across distributed sites. Techniques such as data
caching, query optimization, and load balancing contribute to performance
optimization.

Advantages of Distributed DBMS Architecture


Improved Performance: By distributing data and processing across multiple
sites, distributed DBMS architecture can improve query response time and
throughput, especially for geographically distributed applications.
High Availability: Data replication and fault tolerance mechanisms ensure high
availability of data, even in the presence of site failures or network partitions.
Users can access data from alternate sites if one site becomes unavailable.
Scalability: Distributed DBMS architecture can scale horizontally by adding
more sites or nodes to the distributed system. This allows the system to
accommodate growing data volumes and increasing numbers of users without
sacrificing performance.
Geographic Distribution: Distributed DBMS architecture allows data to be
distributed across multiple sites, enabling geographically distributed
applications to access data locally, thereby reducing latency and improving
user experience.

 Data Consistency and Replication Management: Ensuring consistency


among replicated data copies and managing replication overhead pose
significant challenges in DDBMS architecture.
 Security and Privacy Concerns: Distributed environments are
susceptible to security threats and privacy breaches, necessitating
robust security mechanisms and access controls.
 Integration with Emerging Technologies: DDBMS architecture must
evolve to integrate with emerging technologies such as cloud
computing, edge computing, and blockchain to address evolving data
management requirements.

CONCLUSION
Distributed DBMS architecture plays a crucial role in managing data across
distributed environments efficiently. By distributing data, processing, and
storage across multiple sites, distributed DBMS architecture improves
performance, scalability, fault tolerance, and availability. Designing and
implementing a robust distributed DBMS architecture requires careful
consideration of factors such as data distribution, transaction management,
query processing, and fault tolerance mechanisms. With the increasing
adoption of distributed computing paradigms, distributed DBMS architecture
continues to evolve to meet the demands of modern applications and data-
intensive workloads.

REFERENCES
[1] Ozsu, M. Tamer, and Valduriez, Patrick. "Principles of Distributed Database
Systems." Springer, 2011.
[2] Ceri, Stefano, and Pelagatti, Giuseppe. "Distributed Databases: Principles
and Systems." McGraw-Hill, 1985.
[3] Özsu, M. Tamer, and Valduriez, Patrick. "Distributed Database Systems:
Where Are We Now?" IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,
vol. 9, no. 6, 1997, pp. 896-910.

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