fovma auel Automala Theo

Luto duwton to Hule Adomula

be (uuMed aat Hao Input a

0ver
npul fle, h cla tthe allomalo
bul nol
((lu hald one
Aymbol. changIhe npu mcharik m

The iuinmden cau procluce o pul form hare a

nern hbe (ela, eacu copable
holdg Aluge agin bol from alpha bet. The letom afon cau riod auel ';
chaug
wwt, wck
Coubenta
.Can be n
the :toiagt (clu.
One inaly the. uto motbu hox acenYro
^ ute nunlbrr o lntrrnul 4hage dkaled .
An
autometou lb cAM umed to perale ln .a
any. given time,. the Control uwt is in A dnerct tme frame..at
ome inernal. ktatr', &-the.
pati ula 6ynbot on. bhe lnpul file. The Intnpu.
:
Atate the (ontrol ust a the ne Hme Atep ryal
b cdetrr mued
nnt atate e'y transils 8n
duucrou . Tb traua heu funcu. rea He
stte n tem
inomateu tureut Inputiymbol aud te.

The tem stuty

configurcten sterag
ej tte Canel Sete to a poti ulor &tabe
Ctomaton One
(onfrgutaton to te no o)u be Called a move.
.automatn

Storegi
 to &hy Autmaln Thtery?

Ih an mportant pat g the Coxe 9 Comttr Aluee. Tat Tiwie cnigmata aau a
tue
imprtant harcsae Et

the bthao
() Soghoare -larye bocbes
Lsordh , phraaea dthar pattma.
(3) Sotwave for oyg dytms qau ypn tuas haw a numb

fpeoh cols fr keurre

Theve:aire may
be voeisd as'bn"àt a"Hmes .fne numbr-q Xhaes. The purpie
aAfate'r to' seriein bri the 'setetant Helevant prhn a Ho kytm'sCanndhatg
be

tuere are -only a htates, the,. enthre hostoY Aneraly

be
Hemembr d', dohe dugnd afnite umbr &fatea

haung ony
lan mplement tue
a ßr awt n as
{tor eample, could implemet. It m; hord sore as ab a.ernited
.

the
automatm i
The Aimplat nomtival fwbe
Bn the

uer to pTUs a butfon shose the

alous the he &tate. Hen por

butto
hangs the .6ane butfon turns tt fo
the g ktake
Hen reig
 auutomatou cua be cau ly cescilb cd a tucleratod
Impr tulk notalros namelyigramms l t
notaltos tant role n the Itucly ay onte atornata Guct
plag
tuur appb cat.
lamera QYe uuful moclels boheu
ià a'poa, the crmpnent
Witi c gelerralve Abruchtre. Tic but- knon exampk
eals wtt the ausgively nestd deavres 4 the yp'cad
8) c compiley tat For
ang 6ca as enprio ns - arita metic, cmc Honal aud do on.Cau be
1"°grammig
1ataue gra m
pls sgn
formed by tag an two expre 20rs 4 Connet gy tlem by a
The tert khngs
Keqular xpret/ont alie cuote the Atruchire e dak, dotcribecl by
QeLtomata but tho
autamatn anol the
no taons r e

(orrspondu 8ramn
The Cental Conepta q Auhmala Thueng:
The tory cuto mia pro *ites the moat Importaut defniftme gtr
Theue cmeepa meuelu tae "alphaber" Ca, aet q aymbou)"A
ftoman atphabu) and atrg kom tte Aame atphabet).
Alphabts An alphabit $te, nm ernply Ac q aymola. The alphabt
Ia delotd by -an Aymbol Conmon alphabtla Ineucla:
Ao,i} . te binay alphabt

A strny (or rd) is a

kome al plabet
ababa
binay 'ad phabet o,g

Benole
The cmphy atzig wite
tha meuy be chO Atn rem any phabt.
The nmber g pOaitoms sym bola In e atring
langt s.
te numnber o Aymbola ’Not Aticy cOYrec
becau
ony Agrnsola
ÎA 5.
The atanclard notarn or the

Posers
alphabet,
leytas nponeatrd nottrn We
to be bhe t

Note tat e, no malter ohat the alphabet iA, IA t

0.
 then
za,b.
I: aa, ab, ae, ba, bb, bc, ca, ch, ce
sac,
Caa, ab, ae, aba, aca. dbh. ah, 0a, a , ace, bo, hab,
(he, a
bba, bbb, bbc, ba, bch, bc, ca, Cah, cac, cha, Chb)

denoled
veu honay
ig: 0 , : t, 0. , 00, 0, 10,I1, 000,

SometnMCA
kqwvadtnua ort:

Concate ninen
Let x be
clenotea tue Con cctenatren e
More

compon c J <mbolk t : b, ba, . bj tun

w, tho quah w
-tw e hold

Concalenaton
 chonen rom &one z*
alpetat porh ulov lphabet alpkabut
langge

arammeri- A gremms le in 4- tuple quadruple & (v,7, P. s) o bose

VaTtables oy non- beiala
trsminals

Consrce the ps sdachons khowa bels w:

e (v,T, P. s) shere
V: s, c}
T: tabj
S’aCa
 MI-3.

Dees miuistie Fiui te Aubola (DFA)

The tem
One
dletermishe seA<iYA to tht fact that on onc Input tere s
Atate to Swel tie auornalon Can trana H0u frora 1E6

Sy ADEA Is 5- tuple or quutuple

M: (a, ,8, o, ) 49here,
Athle.
% mput alphabek.

tws trauat Hou unchm te povanetra to be pawed are tate Quo

nput sgmbel. Bad on tee ucut atake e Input Aymbot, tae matone

Note or eacd. nput: Aymbol a, from a

transibon ( tuere Can be, no tranishous from å &tate alo) & we are dure
(or detnue) to dlwch atate the meloue cnteA, So, tue macloue fe calld

Cald Ainzte mcloue Cauto matu)

Let us take te pichoti al uprek euta Hon ij 'DFA &hown below: ucl
udesbaucd the varlous compo nens D
Stot Statr Btatr.

igi Samplr Dra

ordes,
CMlenlC CY eles ee.The ccles ore
there are three dtata,
A. Ln the bTA Ahowu above,
notu ug but te Atates o DE
eners afo btate an & s not orginahg
concentyic Urdes & is aleo a ápev al dkate
btale a has two
La tua DEA, turr JA Ouly One fnal
tHal Atatr Tue
fna statt or eeep ng 6tate.
Called te DPA, thure Can be More than one
Atate. Baed ow the lag accep ted 6kert ktate & nal stata are
The btatea thy bi¥n
nal state alo
calle d nteredate states
 No tati ons or DEA'S auomata,
Caugagea cau be aceptret by a fte
The shlngs. rotatOns
Teuces to a Anal state There
atoata:
describing
6) Tr ansi tton
(2) Trangi t on Table .

M>(0,,3,Jo,A)
or traiHon gTaph for the DFA
The trieithon dogam
as e nede
to
Goch
ecce ktate a drect ed edge rom
-From
be S( a,a) P: Cabelec! a. doca
Bee Labele start. Tws QrOs
Bkote P wth
node.
ohone as a nonfnal
ay
nok er)ginate at eprCseuted by doubleordes
I6 Urle.
(4ePrea eutd
Atate 6.1

tron graph
FA 0A Called tlue Eraui
sentahen
TWs pictori al are

ranfron cayrom. uned tu

tbranaihon drgram
The nota Ons
Atate
Repreueuta the anotoy
One 6 tate
Represents tran'bon fram
Short Shate
Stoyt

Fona! Stake.
 A
:

foowd e
tnputs. tablethPuon
the
A
npit problem.
Framthe
Cke
trunslhon
kym ob,
o Table
bol we tht
is beble.
Aeec to
a, takA
se A
Bre
a

e
COuYen
teieA argumentt
tional,
b &
tee
te (4,,): s S
(a,, &
tabular
Coumnsschuru
mlc o)
hould :

Corro epru
&tart a
value.
witti pmd eutatton

f
The
a): te $
row
So
 fate. a
LH ab, the m/e wrd be in &
Xtate. So,in stake u, the np otang onatea'%.ac4

leugth , the éntre bfry can be 9je cecd

The resulfug ml< Con be the orm

4barts Wrta ob.

Tu mle wrd be In
(ombi naton q a's & ba, Cau
be accepked
ab,
so geenaun jn
conta"g
SFate Ui Dnty The Complte mle to atept
ab s &howu tn
storti 4tate.

Can be
eeprueuted as

So the DTA Dkich acepsátings o's b's sta rtug

here

8 a

a
 rocues
Problenso Hevo DFA

he tart

DFA Lleacs

naclu'ne entra Afale q On

Tu
trauaton 4 (as, a) : 4,
Huen ry acw ne
gmbol. No
changa Input pontr poius b He
net neat inpu ymbol

* Accept
f'nal atate, Hheu Hue DiA. Afrr
,4 DEAis not ia fual atake then krig
DFA

Extzncue Tsanttrom Funchom q DrA to

The enteucled trauiron functron s cea ori bes what happus sfa
g the maelue wheu the tnput iA
dafmad &hou below:

(uud lsd no

Lncluctioni het wexa ihore a Is (aat As mbl

to be
the
Csum ' et. the state g He macluue is P Tuun

A : Entndect trauiham funkeon.

hrat
w: Sced faramet
perametn stapeacuhg
&tate.
eupractg
 b

b
L
( )a,b
A Cas, a) A(A" (V», é), a)

> A (a, b)

(ae aba ) : A A (ao, ab), a )

(A ao, aba)a)

A (as, baat ) Á(A ( aio, abaa), b)

: 4 (3,, b)

DFA t

b 3