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Network Environment A Network Is A Communication S

The document discusses the concept of networks, defining them as systems that enable communication and resource sharing among computer users. It outlines three basic types of networks: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), along with their components, including hardware like servers and clients, and software such as network operating systems and protocols. Additionally, it highlights characteristics of online computer systems, emphasizing immediate validation checks and user access functionalities.

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38 views2 pages

Network Environment A Network Is A Communication S

The document discusses the concept of networks, defining them as systems that enable communication and resource sharing among computer users. It outlines three basic types of networks: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), along with their components, including hardware like servers and clients, and software such as network operating systems and protocols. Additionally, it highlights characteristics of online computer systems, emphasizing immediate validation checks and user access functionalities.

Uploaded by

gdave8898
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Environment A network is a communication system that

enables computer users to share computer equipment, application


software, data and voice and video transmissions. The file server is
a host machine. Hosts are computers that have an operating
system designed to allow several users to access them at the same
time (Philippine Standard on Auditing and Philippine Auditing
Practice Statements, 2005). Three Basic Types of Networks
(Philippine Standard on Auditing and Philippine AuditingPractice
Statements, 2005). • Local Area Network (LAN) - It is typically a
single geographical location, but could include many users from
variousfloors and/or departments within an organization. Figure
3.1 Local Area Network (Techterms.com, 2021) • Wide Area
Network (WAN) was created to connect two or more geographically
separated LANs. A WAN typically involves one or more long-
distance providers, such as a telephone company to provide the
connections. 23 Figure 3.2 Wide Area Network (Stunnetwork,2014)
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a type of network that
multiple buildings are close enough to create a campus, but the
space between the buildings is not under the control of the
company. Figure 3.3 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
(icograms.com,2020) 24 Communication Components (Philippine
Standard on Auditing and Philippine Auditing Practice Statements,
2005). Computer networks components comprise both physical
parts as well as the software required for installing computer
networks, both at organizations and at home. The hardware
components are the server, client, peer, transmission medium, and
connecting devices. The software components are operating system
and protocols. The following figure shows a network along with its
components − Figure 3.4 Computer Network Components (Arushi,
2020) Hardware Components (Philippine Standard on Auditing and
Philippine Auditing PracticeStatements, 2005). • Servers −Servers
are high-configuration computers that manage the resources of the
network. The network operating system is typically installed in the
server and so they 25 give user accesses to the network resources.
Servers can be of various kinds: file servers, database servers, print
servers etc. • Clients − Clients are computers that request and
receive service from the servers to access and use the network
resources. • Peers − Peers are computers that provide as well as
receive services from other peers in a workgroup network. •
Transmission Media − Transmission media are the channels
through which data is transferred from one device to another in a
network. Transmission media may be guided media like coaxial
cable, fibre optic cables etc; or maybe unguided media like
microwaves, infra-red waves etc. • Connecting Devices −
Connecting devices act as middleware between networks or
computers, by binding the network media together. Some of the
common connecting devices are: a. Routers b. Bridges c. Hubs d.
Repeaters e. Gateways f. Switches Software Components
(Philippine Standard on Auditing and Philippine Auditing
PracticeStatements, 2005). • Networking Operating System −
Network Operating Systems is typically installed in the server and
facilitate workstations in a network to share files, database,
applications, printers etc. • Protocol Suite − A protocol is a rule or
guideline followed by each computer for data communication.
Protocol suite is a set of related protocols that are laid down for
computer networks. The two popular protocol suites are − o a. OSI
Model (Open System Interconnections) o b. TCP / IP Model 26
Characteristics of On-line Computer Systems (Philippine Standard
on Auditing and PhilippineAuditing Practice Statements, 2005). •
When data are entered on-line they are usually subject to
immediate validation checks. • Users may have on-line access to
the system that enables them to perform various functions. • An on-
line computer system may be designed in a way that does not
provide supporting documents fir all transactions entered in to the
system. • Programmers may have on-line access to the system that
enables them to develop new programs and modify existing
programs

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