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PRELIM

Information Management (IM) involves the collection, organization, and distribution of information across various sources and audiences, supporting organizational learning and efficiency. It is crucial for saving costs, generating revenue, and ensuring compliance. The document also outlines the importance of databases, their types, and core concepts related to database management systems.

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13 views5 pages

PRELIM

Information Management (IM) involves the collection, organization, and distribution of information across various sources and audiences, supporting organizational learning and efficiency. It is crucial for saving costs, generating revenue, and ensuring compliance. The document also outlines the importance of databases, their types, and core concepts related to database management systems.

Uploaded by

inotalyssagrace
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRELIM

Definition of Information Management (IM)


Is the collection and management of information from one or more sources
and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences.

Other Definitions
Information management (IM) is the process of collecting, storing, managing and
maintaining information in all its forms. Information management is a broad term that
incorporates policies and procedures for centrally managing and sharing information
among different individuals, organizations and/or information systems throughout the
information life cycle. Information management may also be called information asset
management.
Information management is a cycle of processes that support the organization's
learning activities: identifying information needs, acquiring information, organizing
and storing information, developing information products and services, distributing
information, and using information (Choo, 1995).
Information management is the management of organizational processes and
systems that acquire, create, organize, distribute, and use information. According
to a process view of information management, IM is a continuous cycle of six
closely related activities:
• identification of information needs;
• acquisition and creation of information;
• analysis and interpretation of information;
• organization and storage of information;
• information access and dissemination;
• information use
Why is Information Management Important?
Managing of information is important to an organization because it allows to
increased knowledge, decreased inefficiency, and better creation and
implementation of action plans to address areas of opportunity.
Reasons are described in three categories
1. Managing your information saves you money
2. Managing your information makes you money
3. Managing your information keeps you out of trouble

Examples of Information Management in Real-Life Scenarios


Databases are widely used across various industries to manage and process
information efficiently. Some real-life examples include:
 Healthcare: Electronic health records (EHR) store patient information, medical
history, and prescriptions, ensuring quick access for healthcare providers.
 Banking and Finance: Databases manage customer accounts, transactions,
and fraud detection systems to provide secure and efficient financial services.
 E-Commerce: Online stores use databases to track inventory, process orders,
and manage customer profiles.
 Education: Schools and universities store student records, course enrollments,
and grading systems in databases.
 Social Media: Platforms like Facebook and Twitter utilize databases to store
user profiles, posts, and interactions.
 Supply Chain Management: Companies use databases to track shipments,
inventory, and logistics for efficient operations.

Module 1: Introduction to Database Management System


1. Overview of Database Systems

1.1 What is a Database?

A database is a structured collection of data that is stored, managed, and accessed


electronically. It enables efficient data retrieval, insertion, and management, ensuring
organized and systematic data handling. Databases can range from simple collections
of information to complex systems that power large-scale applications and websites.

1.2 Importance of Databases

Databases play a crucial role in various fields, from business and healthcare to
education and finance. Some key benefits include:

 Organizes and manages large volumes of data: Databases allow structured


storage, making it easier to categorize and retrieve information efficiently.
 Enhances data security and integrity: Access control mechanisms and
encryption help protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or
corruption.
 Facilitates efficient data retrieval and processing: Queries and indexing
enable quick and accurate data access, improving decision-making processes.
 Supports multiple users concurrently: Many database management systems
(DBMS) allow multiple users to access and modify data simultaneously without
conflicts.

1.3 Types of Databases

There are different types of databases designed for specific needs, including:

 Relational Databases (RDBMS): Uses structured tables with rows and columns
(e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server).
 NoSQL Databases: Handles unstructured or semi-structured data, ideal for big
data and real-time applications (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra, Firebase).
 Cloud Databases: Hosted on cloud platforms, offering scalability and remote
access (e.g., AWS RDS, Google Cloud Spanner).
 Graph Databases: Focuses on relationships between data points, used in social
networks and recommendation systems (e.g., Neo4j, ArangoDB).

1.3 Evolution of Database Systems


 File-based systems (1950s-1960s) – Limited data sharing and redundancy
issues
 Hierarchical and Network Databases (1970s) – Structured relationships but
complex management
 Relational Databases (RDBMS) (1980s) – Standardized data storage using
tables
 NoSQL and Cloud Databases (2000s-Present) – Flexible and scalable solutions
for big data

1.4 File-based Systems vs. Database Systems


Feature File-based Systems Database Systems

Data Redundancy High Low

Data Security Limited Strong

Scalability Limited High

Multi-user Support No Yes

2. Types of Database Systems


1. Hierarchical Databases – Data stored in a tree-like structure.
2. Network Databases – More flexible relationships using a graph structure.
3. Relational Databases (RDBMS) – Uses tables with relationships (e.g., MySQL,
PostgreSQL).
4. Object-Oriented Databases – Stores data as objects (e.g., db4o, ObjectDB).
5. NoSQL Databases – Designed for big data and unstructured information (e.g.,
MongoDB, Cassandra).
6. Cloud Databases – Hosted on cloud platforms (e.g., Google Firebase, AWS
RDS).

3. Data vs. Information


 Data: Raw facts and figures (e.g., “John, 25, USA”)
 Information: Processed and meaningful data (e.g., “John is a 25-year-old from
the USA”)
Examples:
Data Information

100, 200, 150 Monthly sales figures

"Anna", "Sales" Employee details


4. Database Systems and Its Components
1. Hardware – Servers, storage devices, network infrastructure.
2. Software – DBMS software like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server.
3. Data – Structured and unstructured data stored in databases.
4. Users – Database administrators, developers, end-users.
5. Procedures – Policies for backup, security, and maintenance.

5. Core Database Concepts


5.1 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 Defines the database structure.
 Commands: CREATE, ALTER, DROP.
5.2 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 Handles data operations like retrieval and modification.
 Commands: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
5.3 Data Security
 User authentication and access control.
 Encryption techniques.
5.4 Data Integrity
 Ensuring accuracy and consistency.
 Constraints: Primary Key, Foreign Key, Unique.
5.5 Data Recovery & Concurrency Control
 Recovery: Backup and restore mechanisms.
 Concurrency: Managing multiple users accessing data simultaneously.

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