Coursework

COMP1841 – Web Programming 1

Student
: NGUYEN TIEN DAT
Name
Student ID : 001366257
Instructor : Huong Vu
Submission
: 12/11/2024
Date
Table of Contents
I. ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................4
II. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................4
III. METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................4
3.1 Tools & Technologies...............................................................................4
3.2 Configuration of the Development Environment....................................5
IV. USER REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................6
4.1 Requirements.........................................................................................6
4.2 User Requirements.................................................................................6
4.3 Use Case Diagram..................................................................................8
V. DESIGN.......................................................................................................10
5.1 Design of Database Schemas...............................................................10
5.2 System Architecture Overview.............................................................11
5.2.1 Overview........................................................................................11
5.2.2. Architectural elements..................................................................12
5.2.3 Scalability and Maintenance...........................................................17
5.2.4 Aspects of Security.........................................................................18
5.2.5 Maintainability and Scalability........................................................18
5.3 Design of User Interfaces.....................................................................19
VI. THE IMPLEMENTATION..............................................................................29
6.1 Includes folder......................................................................................29
6.2 Admin Folder.........................................................................................30
6.3 User Folder...........................................................................................41
6.4 public files............................................................................................50
VII. DISCUSSION ABOUT GDPR.......................................................................57
VIII. TESTTING................................................................................................58
IX. CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS AND RESULTS..................................................60
9.1 Challenges............................................................................................60
9. 2 Results.................................................................................................61
9.3 Discussion.............................................................................................61
9.4 Ethical Considerations..........................................................................62
X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................62
10.1 Conclusion..........................................................................................62
10.2 Recommendations..............................................................................63
XI. REFERENCES.............................................................................................64
Table of Figures
Figure 1:Database Schema Design................................................................10
Figure 2: Guest Page......................................................................................19
Figure 3: Page that displays a list of questions for guest...............................20
Figure 4: Student Login Page.........................................................................20
Figure 5: Admin login page............................................................................21
Figure 6: New account registration page.......................................................21
Figure 7: Home page for users.......................................................................22
Figure 8: Forum question list page.................................................................23
Figure 9: User question list page...................................................................23
Figure 10: New question addition page.........................................................24
Figure 11: Admin request page......................................................................24
Figure 12: User personal information overflow..............................................25
Figure 13: Modules information display page................................................26
Figure 14: Administrator home page.............................................................26
Figure 15: Page displaying list of questions...................................................26
Figure 16: Page displaying list of student requests........................................27
Figure 17: Student account management page.............................................27
Figure 18: Modules management page..........................................................28
Figure 19: DatabaseConnection.php..............................................................29
Figure 20: DatabaseFunction.php..................................................................29
Figure 21: add_module..................................................................................30
Figure 22: admin_home.php..........................................................................31
Figure 23: answer_request.php......................................................................31
Figure 24: delete_module.php.......................................................................32
Figure 25: delete_question.php......................................................................33
Figure 26: delete_request.php.......................................................................34
Figure 27: delete_user.php.............................................................................35
Figure 28: edit_module.php...........................................................................36
Figure 29: list_questions.php:........................................................................37
Figure 30: list_request.php.............................................................................38
Figure 31: manage_user.php..........................................................................39
Figure 32: module.php...................................................................................40
Figure 33: add_question.php..........................................................................41
Figure 34: delete_comment.php....................................................................42
Figure 35: delete_question.php......................................................................43
Figure 36: edit_question.php.........................................................................44
Figure 37: home.php......................................................................................45
Figure 38: list_questions.php.........................................................................45
Figure 39: module.php...................................................................................46
Figure 40: my_questions.php.........................................................................47
Figure 41: profile.php.....................................................................................48
Figure 42: request_to_admin.php...................................................................49
Figure 43: admin_login.php............................................................................50
Figure 44: adminstyle.css..............................................................................51
Figure 45: index.php......................................................................................52
Figure 46: login.php.......................................................................................52
Figure 47: logout.php.....................................................................................53
Figure 48: public_home.php...........................................................................53
Figure 49: public_list_questions.php..............................................................54
Figure 50: register.php...................................................................................55
Figure 51: style.css........................................................................................56
I. ABSTRACT
This report explores the design and implementation of a CRUD (Create,
Read, Update, Delete) website to facilitate student discussions and enhance
peer-to-peer learning. The system, built with PHP PDO and MySQL, provides
essential features such as posting, editing, and deleting questions, alongside
user and module management. Emphasis is placed on data security, web
accessibility, and compliance with GDPR guidelines. Through detailed
documentation of the development process, including interface design,
database architecture, and testing, the report offers insights into web
development best practices. References to recent studies and articles from
reputable sources such as BBC, The Guardian, and TechCrunch contextualize
the work within the broader scope of educational technology.

II. INTRODUCTION
The rapid evolution of digital technologies, particularly during the COVID-
19 pandemic, has reshaped education, with online platforms becoming
essential for learning and interaction. This report outlines the development of
a CRUD-based web application for student interaction, designed to replicate
the functionality of platforms like Stack Overflow. The system emphasizes
usability, accessibility, and data security, drawing from user experience
principles (Krug, 2014) and web accessibility guidelines (ISO, 2019). It
employs secure coding practices using PHP PDO and MySQL to safeguard
data integrity, addressing security concerns in educational technologies
(Heater, 2023). The report also covers the development process, challenges,
and future recommendations for ethical web development in education.

III. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Tools & Technologies
I used the following technologies and tools to create the web-based
PHP/MySQL CRUD system:
• Programming Language: The core functionality of the system is
implemented using PHP for server-side scripting and HTML for the
 structure of the web pages, in addition to CSS files for adding a catchy
look and feel to enhance the user experience. This combination allows for
dynamic content creation and user interaction.
• Styling Framework: To enhance the visual appearance of the
application, I used Tailwind CSS, a utility-first CSS framework. Tailwind
allows for fast and responsive design without extensive custom styles.
• Database Management System: The application uses MySQL as its
database management system, providing a robust platform for storing
and retrieving data.
• Integrated Development Environment (IDE): For coding and
development, I used Visual Studio Code. This IDE provides a user-friendly
interface and supports various extensions to enhance coding productivity
and efficiency.
• Local server environment: Development is done on a local server
using XAMPP, which provides an easy-to-use package that includes
Apache, MySQL and PHP, making it suitable for local application testing.

3.2 Configuration of the Development Environment

This is how the development environment is configured:
 Operating System: Windows, which is compatible with XAMPP and
supports all required tools and technologies, was used for the
development.
 XAMPP Configuration: I can execute PHP programs and easily
manage MySQL databases thanks to XAMPP, which acts as the local
server environment. In order to facilitate testing and simple access, I set
up XAMPP to host my application on localhost.
 MySQL Database Setup: To store application data, I created a MySQL
database inside XAMPP. Creating the required tables for users,
questions, and modules in accordance with the project's functional
needs was part of this.

 Deployment Procedure: Before transferring to a live server, the

application is tested locally on XAMPP to make sure all features perform
 as intended. This method enables effective iteration and debugging.
 Development Workflow: I usually use Visual Studio Code to write PHP
and HTML code, test the application on XAMPP's local server, then use
phpMyAdmin, which comes with XAMPP, to manage the MySQL
database. Although this configuration does not specifically address
version control, it is advised to use a solution such as Git to improve
codebase management for the project.

Using these resources and approaches, my goal was to develop a useful

and effective system that satisfies the requirements of students who need
help with their assignments. The application's scalability and future
improvements are made possible via the iterative development process.

IV. USER REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Requirements
The goal of the web-based platform is to improve student cooperation
and learning. Students will be able to pose questions, exchange information,
and ask for peer assistance in a convenient online environment thanks to
this technology. It will provide tools that let students modify and manage
their questions, arrange the information according to modules, and use a
contact form to get in touch with administrators. The system seeks to
provide an engaging and encouraging learning environment that is
customized to meet the needs of every student by combining user and
module management features.

4.2 User Requirements

Requirement Description
Users have the ability to create, edit, and delete
their own posts, and view the list of questions from
all other users, promoting active participation and
An Interactive
content management. The platform will support
Educational Setting
interactive features such as Show photos and add
modules to increase engagement.
 Content will be categorized according to predefined
modules or topics to streamline navigation and
Management of relevance. Features will include filtering and search to
Content help users find posts or information quickly and
scientifically
The platform will allow embedding images,
screenshots, or uploads from devices and other

Support from the types of media in posts. Diverse text formatting

Media options, such as bolding the question heading

section and displaying list details, will be available
to improve clarity and present posts.
Every user will have a customized profile where
they may edit details like their username, email
address, location, place of employment, and home
Management of address. Users can also update their profile details
User Profiles on a regular basis. The goal of this feature is to
make the user experience more interesting and
individualized.
Various user roles, including: guest, user, admin will
be implemented with specific permissions to
Permissions participate in viewing and managing content and
depending on users. This will ensure control of individual user
roles access rights and appropriate content information
moderation capabilities.
The platform will include a request submission form
or other forms so that users can contact the
administrator with questions, feedback, or problems.
Communication In addition, a system that stores the history of
and Support requests or questions to administrators will facilitate
real-time that users and administrators can clearly
understand for easy communication and support
A tick notification system as a new window (it's like
Notification
the messagebox in python) will be integrated to
System
notify users of updates about posts, moderator
 feedback, and user-related activities
Administrators will have tools to moderate the
content of posts such as viewing or deleting posts
Administrative of all users, managing and responding to user
and Security requests or reports to maintain a scientific and
Features safe work handling environment in addition to
showing respect to users
The platform, which is more suited for computing

Accessibility and devices, will have a responsive design that adjusts to

User Experience a range of gadgets, including laptops, desktops,

tablets, and smartphones.

Scalability and Future features and more user activity will be

Upcoming supported by the design's scalability, which will

Improvements improve user experience.

4.3 Use Case Diagram
Actors: Student, admin, users

Use Cases:

o Login:

 Actors: User, Admin

 Description: Authenticate users using their login credentials (email

and password) and direct them to the appropriate page based on their
role.

o Register:

 Actors: Guest, Student

 Description: If a student or guest (who may or may not be a student)

does not have an account, they can register by filling in registration
details such as username, email, password, and confirming the
password. After completing registration, they are redirected to the
login page to proceed.

o Navigation at Home:

o Actors: Admin and Students

o Description: Provide alternatives for navigating according to the role

of the user::

 Student: Go to the student page that is particular to the

individual..

 Admin: Go to the page that is particular to the admin..

o Question Page:

 Add question:

 Actors: Student

 Description: enables pupils to propose fresh inquiries,

such as a title, content, selecting modules, and attaching
detailed images if needed.

 List Questions:

 Actors: Student, Admin, Guest

 Description:

 For Students:
  Two buttons: one to view all their own
questions and one to view questions
submitted by other students.

 Students can edit their own questions,

including modifying content, changing
modules, adding or removing images, or
deleting the question.

 For Guests:

 Guests can view questions but cannot edit

them.

 For Admins:

 Admins can delete one, several, or all

questions submitted by any student.

o Admin Area:

o User Management:

 List Users:

 Actors: Admin

 Description: Displays a list of all registered users,

including username, registered email, and registration
time.

 Delete Users:

 Actors: Admin

 Description: Allows the admin to delete one, several, or

all accounts from the user list.

o Module Management:

 List Of Modules:

 Actors: Admin

 Description: Shows a list of every module along with a

description..

 Add or Edit Modules:

 Actors: Admin

 Description: Allows the admin to add, edit, or delete

module names and descriptions.
o Contact Form:

 Actors: Student

 Description: Allows students to submit a report form to the

system admin. The admin receives the report immediately after
submission.
V. DESIGN
5.1 Design of Database Schemas

Figure 1:Database Schema Design

The posting website system's database structure is made to effectively

handle and incorporate important data components, store form information
and user submitted data, etc. It consists of 5 main tables namely "users,
request_to_admin, questions, modules, admin" where each table serves a
separate function

 The module table manages information about academic modules,

subjects and other specializations. It includes an ID for distinct
identification, a name for the module, and a description for more
information on the module. By ensuring that every module is uniquely
recognized and documented, this table makes it easier to organize and
retrieve posts pertaining to the module.

 Account information for system users is kept in the user table. Along
with other information to update the student profile page, such as
address, about, company, and the time the user performed actions on
 the site, it also contains an ID for unique identification, a username that
must be unique for each user, a password for secure authentication, and
a role to distinguish between "admin" and "student." In order to manage
user accounts and their tasks inside the system, this table is essential.

 Student-submitted postings or questions are handled via the questions

table. Every post has an ID, a title, a body, and an optional picture for
visual aids. Each post is linked to its creator by the user_id, and to a
particular academic module by the module_id. The post's lifespan is
tracked by the creation and update timestamp (created_at). This table is
necessary for connecting to modules and managing user-generated
material.

 request_to_admin table to process reports or requests that students

send to the administrator. It has id, question (this is the content to fill in
the question or report), and each report will have a user_id associated
with it and asked_at to manage and arrange the reports in a scientific
order. There is also admin_answer to link with the information that the
administrator sends the answer form to the student who writes that
report.

 The system's administrator table (admin) contains comprehensive data

on the administrator's account. It contains a password for secure
authentication, an administrator name (admin_name), which needs to be
distinct for every administrator, an ID for unique identification, and a role
to distinguish between "administrator" and "student." Information on the
responses that the administrator provided to the pupils is also available
(answer).

In summary, this architecture guarantees effective data management and

supports the fundamental features of the question forum system by precisely
defining the responsibilities and connections of each table.
5.2 System Architecture Overview
Project Name: Question Forum

5.2.1 Overview
The question forum system is an online tool created to let students ask
and handle questions about assignments. It offers administrative control,
question management, and user authentication. The system is set up with
many parts that communicate with one another via a clear architecture.

5.2.2. Architectural elements

5.2.2.1 Client-Side:
Technologies at the front end:

 HTML/CSS: Used to structure and style the web pages.

 Tailwind CSS: Utilized for responsive, modern, and elegant design.
 JavaScript: (Optional) For enhancing user interactions and adding
dynamic elements.

5.2.2.2 Server-Side:
Technologies at the backend:

• PHP: Used for server-side scripting and handling business logic.

• PDO (PHP Data Objects): Offers a standardized interface for interacting
with databases..

5.2.2.3 Database:
The database employs a relational structure, leveraging MySQL to
manage data efficiently. The design follows normalization principles to reduce
redundancy and enhance data integrity. Referential integrity between tables
is enforced using foreign keys, ensuring that operations such as deletions in
one table do not lead to orphaned records in another. A report by the MySQL
Documentation team (2023) underscores the importance of structuring
databases with future scalability in mind, an approach adopted in this project
to accommodate potential feature expansions such as analytics and search
functionalities.

Database Structure:
• MySQL: Holds application information like as users, questions, modules,
admin, request_to_admin.

Tables in databases:

• Users: Maintains user information, including hashed passwords, email

addresses, and usernames.
• Questions: Responds to user inquiries about metadata, title, content,
and related photos.
• Modules: Includes details on several assignment modules.
• Admin: Contains information about administrator accounts, responses
• Request_to_admin: Contains report content or requests sent from
students
5.2.2.4 Organization of Files:
 /includes: Includes necessary PHP files for database operations and
connections..
o DatabaseConnection.php: Gives instructions on how to connect
to the MySQL database.
o DatabaseFunction.php: Includes database-related features like
post management and user data retrieval.

 /templates: Contains html.php files that display the interface for the
entire student (user) and admin system and also the interface when
visitors access it.
o add_module.html.php: The interface adds a new module with a
form for entering names, descriptions, and error handling.
o add_question.html.php: The interface adds questions with a form
to enter a title, content, select a module, upload a photo and
process a successful notification.
o admin_layout.html.php: Admin interface with sidebar manages
questions, requests, students, modules, and displays key content
from $output variables.
o admin_list_question.html.php: The interface displays a list of
questions with titles, contents, images, related modules, questioner
information, and a button to delete questions with confirmation.
o admin_login.html.php: Log in form for admins with fields to enter
email, password, and display an error message if applicable.
o admin_register.html.php: The form registers an administrator
account with fields to enter name, email, password, confirm
password and check password in the correct format.
o answer_request.html.php: Interface for administrators to
respond to requests with a form that displays questions and enters
answers.
o edit_module.html.php: Module information editing interface with
name, description, and update button fields.
o edit_question.html.php: a form interface for editing a question,
allowing the user to update the title, body, select a module, upload
an image, and optionally delete the current image.
o home.html.php: This is a heading element displaying the text
"Welcome to the question forum," likely serving as an introduction
to a forum page where users can post and answer questions.
o layout.html.php: A webpage layout for a guest user, featuring a
sidebar with navigation links to the home page, list of questions,
student login, and admin login, along with dynamic content output
and a footer displaying the current year.
o list_module.html.php: A page displaying a list of all modules,
showing the module name and description, with a message if no
modules are found.
o list_request.html.php: A page displaying a list of requests with
options to view, answer, or delete each question, along with error
handling and a message if no questions have been asked.
o login.html.php: A login form where users can enter their email
and password, with error handling and a link to the registration
page for new users.
o manage_module.html.php: A page displaying a list of all modules
with options to add, edit, or delete modules, along with a message if
no modules are found.
o manage_user.html.php: A page displaying a list of users
(students) with their name, email, and account creation date, along
with an option to delete a user. If no users are found, a message is
shown.
o my_questions.html.php: Displays a list of a user's questions with
search functionality and options to edit or delete their own
questions.
o profile.html.php: Allows users to view and update their profile
information, such as email, full name, address, and company.
 o public_list_questions.html.php: Displays a list of questions with
details such as title, body, image, module, author, and creation
time.
o register.html.php: This file contains a registration form with
validation for username, email, password, and password
confirmation, displaying error messages for invalid inputs.
o request_to_admin.html.php: This file allows users to submit
requests to the admin and view their previous requests and
responses.
o user_layout.html.php: This file defines the layout for a user
dashboard, including navigation links for various user functionalities
such as viewing questions, adding new questions, sending requests
to the admin, and managing the user's profile.
o user_list_questions.html.php: This file displays a list of questions
with an option to search for specific questions, and allows users to
edit or delete their own questions. It also shows a success message
if applicable.

 /uploads: This is the folder where the images added to the question are
stored and updated by the user.

 /user: Contains php files that display commands and queries, and handle
functions for the student (user) page.
o add_question.php: Handles user submission for adding a new
question, including optional image upload, and saves the data to
the database.
o delete_comment.php: Allows a user to delete their own comment,
verifying the comment's ownership before performing the deletion.
o delete_question.php: Deletes a question and its associated image
(if it exists), ensuring that the user is authorized to perform the
deletion before proceeding.
 o edit_question.php: The script allows logged-in users to edit their
question, including title, body, module, and image. It handles image
uploads and deletions, then redirects to the question list after
successful update.
o home.php: The script checks if the user is logged in and assigns a
default "Guest" username if not. It then loads the homepage
template.
o list_questions.php: The script displays a list of questions with an
optional search filter. It fetches data from the database and shows
success messages if available.
o module.php: The script retrieves and displays a list of modules
from the database for logged-in users. If no modules are found, it
shows an empty list.
o my_questions.php: This script retrieves and displays questions
created by the logged-in user. If an error occurs, it shows an error
message.
o profile.php: After updating the logged-in user's profile, this script
displays a success message and reroutes to the profile page.
o request_to_admin.php: This script allows logged-in users to
submit questions to the admin and view their previous questions.

 /admin: Contains php files that display commands and queries, handle
functions for the admin page
o add_module.php: This script allows adding a new module to the
database through a form. Upon submission, it inserts the module and
redirects to the module list.
o admin_home.php: This script sets a default username for the
session if not logged in, and then displays the home page using the
`home.html.php` template within the admin layout.
o answer_request.php: This script allows admins to answer user-
submitted questions and updates the response in the database.
o delete_module.php: Using the module's ID supplied by the URL,
this script removes it from the database.
 o delete_question.php: Using the ID supplied by the URL, this script
removes a question from the database before rerouting to the
question list.
o delete_request.php: Using the `id` supplied in the URL, the script
deletes a request from the database and reroutes to the request list
page.
o delete_user.php: This script deletes a user by ID from the database
and redirects to the user management page, or shows an error
message if something goes wrong.
o edit_module.php: The script allows an admin to edit a module's
name and description, and updates the module in the database upon
submission.
o list_questions.php: The script retrieves all questions from the
database, with an optional search feature based on title, body, or
module, and displays them in the admin panel.
o list_request.php: This script retrieves and displays all user-
submitted questions from the `request_to_admin` table, ordered by
the most recent, in the admin panel.
o manage_user.php: This script retrieves all user records from the
`users` table, ordered by creation date, and displays them in the
admin panel for user management.
o module.php: This script fetches and displays all modules from the
database for admin management. If an error occurs, it shows an error
message.

 Public:
o admin_login.php: Admin login is handled by this script. If
successful, it launches a session after comparing the supplied email
address and password with the database. If the credentials are
incorrect, it shows an error message.
o adminstyle.css: This code styles a webpage with a sidebar and
content area. The sidebar has a fixed position with a hover effect on
links, and the content area is responsive to different screen sizes.
 o index.php: This file includes the `public_home.php` file, likely to
display the main public-facing page of the website.
o login.php: This PHP file handles the login functionality: it validates
user credentials from the database, starts a session if the
credentials are correct, or returns an error if they are invalid.
o logout.php: This PHP file handles the logout functionality: it ends
the current user session by destroying it and redirects the user to
the public home page.
o public_home.php: This PHP file manages the homepage
functionality: it initializes a session, sets a default username as
'Guest' if no user is logged in, and dynamically loads the homepage
content using templates.
o public_list_questions.php: This PHP file retrieves and displays a
list of questions from the database, with optional search
functionality, and handles errors gracefully.
o register.php: This PHP file handles user registration by validating
input, checking for duplicates, hashing passwords, and storing user
data in the database, with error handling included.
o style.css: This CSS defines a clean, responsive design with styles
for layout, sidebar, content, forms, and footer, emphasizing modern
aesthetics and usability.

5.2.3 Scalability and Maintenance

Authentication of Users:

 To input their credentials, users go to either the administrator login

page (admin_login.php) or the student login page (login.php).

 PHP and PDO are used to validate the login credentials. Users are sent
to the relevant dashboard upon successful login. Students are
redirected to “user/home.php,” while administrators are redirected to
“admin/admin_home.php.”

Question Management:
  Users can add new questions with details such as title, content, select
modules, and optionally upload images through “Add_question.php.”

 Two pages are used to handle and show the questions:

“list_question.php” (which shows all questions from all students in the
forum) and “my_questions.php” (which shows all questions from the
logged-in student).

 Only the question owner can edit or delete their question and cannot
edit questions from other students.

Admin Functions:

 Administrators can manage users by viewing their information,

deleting users, and adding, editing, or deleting modules.

 The “manage_user.php” page provides options to view the list of users

and delete users from the list.

 "Module.php" and associated files conduct administrative tasks.

Database Communication:

 PHP programs use PDO functions to communicate with the MySQL

database.
 The database connection is created using the
"DatabaseConnection.php" file.
 Data management and querying capabilities are included in the
"DatabaseFunction.php" file.

5.2.4 Aspects of Security

 Input validation: To stop SQL injection and other threats, make sure
user input is correctly verified.
 Password Hashing: Use hashed values to safely store passwords.
 Session management: Manage user sessions to guarantee
appropriate data security and access control.
5.2.5 Maintainability and Scalability
 Modular Design: The system's design facilitates growth and
maintenance by being modular.
 Responsive Design: Make sure the application works effectively
across a range of devices by using Tailwind CSS.

With an emphasis on components, processes, and important security and

maintenance issues, this overview offers a high-level knowledge of the
Question Forum system's design.

5.3 Design of User Interfaces

The interface design prioritizes simplicity and clarity, following the
principles outlined by Krug (2014) in his seminal work on usability, Don’t
Make Me Think. The home page presents a clean layout with a list of
questions displayed in reverse chronological order, ensuring that the most
recent queries are easily accessible.

Navigation is structured to provide an intuitive user journey. Users can

seamlessly transition between viewing questions, posting new content, and
managing their profiles through a persistent navigation bar. The contact
page, designed for student-administrator communication, incorporates form
validation to minimize errors during submission.

To ensure cross-device compatibility, the front end is built using

Bootstrap, a widely adopted CSS framework known for its responsive grid
system (Bootstrap Documentation, 2023).
 Figure 2: Guest Page

When you first access the website, this is the first page that users will see,
the page for others, it is a simple interface including the page name “GUEST”
and the welcome sentence when accessing “Welcome to the question forum”
– the functions that guests can access are to view the list of all questions of
all students but are limited in editing rights. There are 2 more login sections
for students and administrators for users to enter login information

Figure 3: Page that displays a list of questions for guest

Above is the page that displays the list of questions that visitors can see,
this page includes the page name "List question" displayed prominently at
the top and then the list of questions including "title, body or content" and
displays the image of the question if any. In addition, it also displays module
information, time of posting the question and the owner of the question. For
this page, visitors only have the right to view and cannot perform operations
to edit question information.

Figure 4: Student Login Page

Above is the login page for students. The interface of the page is similar
to other pages including the title "login" displayed prominently at the top,
below is the email text and Password for users to enter information. After
clicking the Login button, the student's home page will be displayed if the
account is accurate; if not, an error notice will show and the user will be
prompted to input the data again. In case the user does not have an account,
click on the blue text "Register here" to create a new account.
 Figure 5: Admin login page

Above is the login page for administrators. The interface of the page is
similar to the login page for students, including the title "login" displayed
prominently above, below is the email text and Password for users to enter
information. If the account is accurate after clicking the Login button, the
user will be sent to the administrator's home page; if not, an error notice will
show and they will be prompted to input their information again.

Figure 6: New account registration page

Above is the page for users to register for a new account. This page
includes the title "Register" displayed prominently on the screen and below
are the bars for users to enter information such as Username, Email, Password,
Confin Password. Users will enter information to ensure that it meets the
requirements of the website. If the requirements are met, it will be transferred
to the login page for users to start logging in. If the requirements are not met,
it will notify the user of the error they made and notify them to re-enter until
the information meets the requirements.

Figure 7: Home page for users

Above is the home page for users when they successfully log in. It is
similar to other home pages including the page name "User" displayed in
large blue letters at the top left and the welcome title "Welcome to the
question forum"
 Figure 8: Forum question list page

Above is the page that displays a list of all questions posted by all
students on the forum. This page includes the title "List Questions" displayed
at the top. Next is the question search toolbar and below is a list of questions
including information such as title, body, module, poster, posting time and if
there is an image it will also be displayed in each question. On this page,
users do not have the right to edit information or delete questions of other
users, but if it is a question of that user, they can perform the editing or
deleting operation.

Figure 9: User question list page

Above is the page that displays a list of all the questions of that user, it
also includes the same information fields as image number 8. and on this
page the user can edit the information or delete one or more questions
because all the questions in this list are from that user.
 Figure 10: New question addition page

Above is the question addition page. This page displays the title "Add
Questions" on the top and below are the boxes for entering the information
of the question that the user wants to add, including title, content, select
module and add image if desired. The question will be instantly added to the
list when the user fills out all the fields and clicks the submit button. If the
information boxes are not filled in, an error will be displayed and a
notification will be displayed that the information has been entered
completely.

Figure 11: Admin request page

 Above is the page to send questions or requests to the administrator. The
interface of the page displays the title "Requeust or Ask To Admin" on the top
and below is the box to enter the request information to the administrator.
When you click the Submit button, the request will be sent directly to the
administrator. Below is a list of the history of requests that students have
sent, if the administrator responds, it will be displayed here.

Figure 12: User personal information overflow

Above is the page displaying user information. This page includes the
title "Profle" displayed at the top and below are user information boxes such
as Username, Email, Full Name, Address, About, Company. In which the
Username and Email information is displayed directly because it takes
information when you have registered a new account through the database
storage system and with the remaining boxes, you will fill in yourself. The
information on the user can be changed and updated regularly.
 Figure 13: Modules information display page

Above is the page that displays all the list of modules including the title
"All Modules" displayed prominently at the top and below is the list of
modules and information, concepts of each module.

Figure 14: Administrator home page

This is the admin home page if they log in successfully. The interface is
similar to the other pages so I won't say more to avoid repeating too much
duplicate information.
 Figure 15: Page displaying list of questions

This is the page that displays the list of questions of all users. For this
page, the administrator can see all information such as title, content,
module, poster, posting time. The administrator can delete all questions in
this page.

Figure 16: Page displaying list of student requests

Above is the page that displays the list of requests sent from all students.
The current interface displays the title "List request" and below is the list of
student requests and the administrator can reply or delete one or all of the
requests displayed in this list.
 Figure 17: Student account management page

The system's user accounts may be managed using the User Manager
page. It offers the ability to see and remove users from the list. With a simple
layout that facilitates effective user administration, the website is designed
to be user-friendly. For a contemporary and responsive design, Tailwind CSS
is utilized.

Figure 18: Management page for modules

 Tools for managing the system's modules are available on the Module
Manager page. It enables the administrator to see the modules that are
currently in use as well as the conceptual details of each module. It is within
the administrator's power to add, amend, and remove descriptive
information. Tailwind CSS guarantees a constant and eye-catching
appearance across devices, and the design is straightforward and easy to
use.

VI. THE IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 Includes folder

Figure 19: DatabaseConnection.php

The PHP code fragment connects to a MySQL database named

database1841 using PDO with the server set to localhost, username root,
and an empty password. The utf8mb4 charset ensures support for various
characters, while PDO provides features like prepared statements and error
handling, allowing the program to perform dependable and safe SQL
operations.
 Figure 20: DatabaseFunction.php

Defines functions manager questions, modules, and user profiles in a

database using PDO. It includes functionalities like retrieving all questions
(getAllQuestions), fetching user-specific questions (getMyQuestions),
adding (addQuestion), updating (updateQuestion), and deleting
(deleteQuestion) questions with validation for module existence and user
authorization. Additionally, it provides addModule to add new modules, and
user-related functions such as updateUserProfile and getUserById to
modify or fetch user details. All operations utilize prepared statements for
security and include error handling to ensure reliable database interactions

6.2 Admin Folder

 Figure 21: add_module

This PHP script handles adding new modules to a database using a POST
request. If the form is submitted, it retrieves the module_name and
module_description from the POST data, and inserts them into the
modules table using a prepared statement for security. The user is sent to
the module list page (module.php) upon successful insertion. If required
fields are missing or an error occurs, it shows an error page with a relevant
message. For GET requests, the script displays a form to add a module using
the add_module.html.php template. The layout is wrapped with
user_layout.html.php for consistent styling.
 Figure 22: admin_home.php

This PHP script initializes a session and ensures a username session

variable is set. If username is not already defined, it defaults to "Guest." The
script sets a page title (Home), uses output buffering to include the
home.html.php template, and stores the output in the $output variable.
Finally, the content is wrapped with the admin_layout.html.php template
for consistent layout and display.
 Figure 23: answer_request.php

This PHP script handles an admin's response to a user request

(request_to_admin). It fetches the question by its ID (id) from the
database and allows the admin to submit an answer through a form. If the
request method is POST, it updates the request_to_admin table with the
provided answer or displays an error if required fields are missing. Output
buffering is used to render the answer_request.html.php template, and
the final content is displayed using admin_layout.html.php.

Figure 24: delete_module.php

Using the supplied id in the query string, this PHP script removes a
module from the database. It connects to the database, prepares a DELETE
SQL statement with the module ID as a parameter, and executes the deletion
using PDO. If successful, the script redirects to the module.php page;
otherwise, it captures and stores any error encountered during execution. If
no id is provided, it simply redirects to module.php.
 Figure 25: delete_question.php

This PHP script deletes a question from the database by its id, which is
passed via the query string. It starts a session, employs a prepared DELETE
SQL query and establishes a connection to the database with id parameter
to execute the deletion securely. If successful, it redirects to the
list_questions.php page. In case of an error, it sets an error message and
includes the admin_layout.html.php template to show the error.
 Figure 26: delete_request.php

Using the id supplied in the URL, this PHP script removes a particular
request from the request_to_admin database. It creates a database
connection and launches a session. It prepares and runs a DELETE SQL query
to delete the request from the database if the id is valid (higher than ,0)
Afterward, it redirects to the list_request.php page. If an error occurs, it
catches the exception and displays an error message using the
admin_layout.html.php template.
 Figure 27: delete_user.php

This PHP script deletes a user from the users table based on the id
passed in the URL. It starts a session and includes the database connection.
The script retrieves the user ID, ensures it's an integer, and prepares a
DELETE SQL query to remove the corresponding record from the database.
After the deletion, it redirects to the manage_user.php page (which lists
users). If an error occurs during execution, it catches the exception and
displays an error message using the admin_layout.html.php template.
 Figure 28: edit_module.php

This PHP script allows an admin to edit module details. By confirming the
session, it determines whether the administrator is logged in. The script
retrieves the current module data if the id is supplied in the URL, then allows
the admin to update the module name and description. Upon successful
submission, it updates the database and redirects to the module list page. If
the module name is empty or the update fails, an error is displayed. The
script uses prepared statements for database queries and renders the
edit_module.html.php template for the admin interface.
 Figure 29: list_questions.php:

This PHP script handles searching and displaying questions for an admin.
It starts by checking if a search query (search) is provided in the URL. If a
search term is present, it appends a WHERE clause to filter questions based
on the title, body, or module. The script uses prepared statements to prevent
SQL injection. If a search is conducted, the LIKE operator matches any
questions containing the search term. After executing the query, it fetches all
matching results and stores them in an array. The results are then displayed
using the admin_list_question.html.php template, which is included in the
admin layout.
 Figure 30: list_request.php

A list of queries that users have sent to the administrator is retrieved and
shown by this PHP script. First, a session is created and the required
database connection file is included. After that, a SQL query is prepared and
run to retrieve every entry from the request_to_admin table, ordered by
the asked_at timestamp in descending order. If the query is successful, the
results are stored in the $questions array. If there's an error, it catches the
exception and stores an error message. Finally, the script prepares the page
by including the list_request.html.php template to display the results
within the admin layout.
 Figure 31: manage_user.php

A list of every user is retrieved and shown by this PHP script from the
database. First, the database connection file is included and a session is
established. After that, it tries to run a query to pick every user from the
users table and arrange them in decreasing order by the created_at date.
The results are stored in the $users array. If an error occurs during this
process, the exception is caught, and an error message is displayed within
the admin_layout.html.php template. If the query is successful, the script
prepares the page and includes the manage_user.html.php template to
show the user data within the admin layout.
 Figure 32: module.php

A list of every module is the database and shown in the admin panel using
this PHP script. Initializing a session and adding the required function files and
database connection are the first steps. The script then queries the modules
table to fetch all the modules. If modules are found, they are stored in the
$modules array; if none are found, an empty array is assigned. The script
prepares the manage_module.html.php template to display the module list
and stores the output in the $output variable. An error message is shown if
there is a problem with the process. Lastly, the admin_layout.html.php
template for the admin view contains the content.
6.3 User Folder

Figure 33: add_question.php

This PHP script allows authenticated users to submit a new question. It

checks for required fields (question_title, question_body,
question_module), handles optional image uploads, and inserts the
question into the database. If successful, the user is redirected with a
success message, otherwise, an error is shown. If the request is a GET,
available modules are fetched for the form.
 Figure 34: delete_comment.php
This PHP script allows a logged-in user to delete their comment. It checks
if the user is logged in and if they own the comment by verifying with the
database. If valid, the comment is deleted, and the user is redirected to
list_question.php. If the user does not own the comment, an error message
is shown. If no comment_id is provided, It takes the user to
list_question.php.
 Figure 35: delete_question.php

Logged-in user to delete their question along with its associated image (if
it exists). The script checks if the user owns the question by verifying the
user_id and question_id in the database. If an image is linked to the
question, it is deleted from the server before the question itself is deleted.
After the deletion, It takes the user to list_questions.php. An error notice
appears if there is a problem..
 Figure 36: edit_question.php

This PHP script allows a logged-in user to edit a question. It handles POST
requests to update the question's title, body, and image. If an image is
uploaded, it’s saved to the server. The current image will be deleted if the
user wishes to do so. After updating the question, the script redirects the
user to the question list page. If the request is GET, it fetches the current
question data to display in the edit form. Errors are shown if the user has no
permission or if there are issues with the update.
 Figure 37: home.php

This PHP script checks if a session for the user is active. If not, it sets a
default session value of 'Guest' for the username. The script then sets the
title to 'Home', retrieves the content from home.html.php into an output
buffer, and includes the user_layout.html.php template, which will display
the page with the appropriate layout for the user.
 Figure 38: list_questions.php

This script retrieves and displays a list of questions with an optional

search filter. It starts a session, retrieves a success message (if available),
and constructs an SQL query to fetch questions along with their associated
module names and usernames. If a search parameter is provided, the query
filters questions by title, body, or module name using a prepared statement.
The results are displayed using a template
(user_list_questions.html.php), with the page structured by
user_layout.html.php. In case of errors, an exception is caught, and the
error message is shown.

Figure 39: module.php

This script retrieves a list of modules from the database for authenticated
users. It searches the modules database, initiates a session, and verifies that
the user is logged in. If modules are found, they are fetched; otherwise, an
empty array is returned. The results are displayed using the
list_module.html.php template within the user_layout.html.php
structure. If an error occurs, it is caught and displayed as a sanitized
message.

Figure 40: my_questions.php

This script displays a logged-in user's questions by starting a session,

verifying authentication, and fetching questions associated with the user's ID
using the getMyQuestions function. The retrieved questions are displayed
using the my_questions.html.php template, embedded within the
user_layout.html.php. Errors are caught and presented in a user-friendly
format.
 Figure 41: profile.php

This script handles a user's profile update by starting a session, verifying

the user is logged in, and processing POST data to update their profile using
updateUserProfile. It fetches the current user's data with getUserById,
displays it via the profile.html.php template, and saves changes back to
the database. After successful updates, it refreshes the session data, shows a
success message, and redirects to the profile page.
 Figure 42: request_to_admin.php

This script manages user interaction with an admin question system. It

starts a session, ensures the user is authenticated, and processes submitted
questions via a POST request to insert them into the request_to_admin
table. It retrieves the user's previous questions, ordered by asked_at, and
displays them using the request_to_admin.html.php template. In case of
database errors, it captures and displays appropriate error messages. Finally,
the page layout is rendered with user_layout.html.php.
6.4 public files

Figure 43: admin_login.php

This script handles admin login by verifying credentials via a POST

request; it queries the database for a matching email and compares the
plain-text password. On success, admin details are stored in the session,
redirecting to admin_home.php; otherwise, an error is displayed. Note: Use
secure password hashing methods instead of plain-text storage.
 Figure 44: adminstyle.css

This CSS defines a visually appealing layout with a fixed-width sidebar for
navigation and a responsive content area. The sidebar has a dark theme,
rounded links that change color on hover, and a distinctive blue header for
emphasis. The content area is clean, centrally styled, with rounded corners
and a subtle shadow. Responsive design ensures the layout adapts
seamlessly for smaller screens by making the sidebar full-width and
removing its fixed position. Footer styling complements the sidebar,
maintaining consistency.
 Figure 45: index.php

This PHP script includes the content of public_home.php into the

current file. It acts as a simple entry point or dispatcher, likely pulling in the
main layout or content for a public-facing home page.

Figure 46: login.php

User login is handled by this PHP script. It establishes a session,

establishes a connection with the database, and handles the POST-submitted
login form. Using the supplied email, it pulls the user's login information from
the database. Next, password_verify() is used to confirm the password. It
saves the user's ID and username in the session and reroutes to the user
home page if the credentials are legitimate. An error notice appears if the
credentials are not right. Lastly, it loads the site layout and the template for
the login page.

Figure 47: logout.php

This PHP script is used for logging out a user. It starts by calling
session_start() to access the current session. Then, it calls
session_destroy() to end the session, essentially terminating the user's
session. The header() method is used to redirect the user to the
public_home.php page when the session has been terminated. The user is
guaranteed to be logged out and taken to the public home page using this
script.

Figure 48: public_home.php

 This PHP script starts a session, sets a default 'Guest' username if not
already set, and loads the home page content using the home.html.php
template, which is wrapped in a main layout.

Figure 49: public_list_questions.php

The PHP script starts a session, includes the database connection, and
attempts to fetch all questions from the database (with an optional search
filter). It displays the results in a template public_list_questions.html.php,
wrapped in a main layout. If any error occurs, an error message is shown.
 Figure 50: register.php

The PHP script handles user registration by verifying the submitted data.
It checks if the passwords match and if the username or email is already in
use. If the validations pass, it hashes the password and inserts the user into
the database. If any error occurs (like database issues or conflicting data), an
error notice appears. The user is taken to the login page after completing the
registration process. The form and content are included in a layout template.
 Figure 51: style.css

This CSS provides a clean, modern layout with a fixed sidebar, content
area, and form styles. It uses a gradient background for the body, with a
fixed sidebar featuring white text and hover effects on links. The content
section is styled with padding, a box-shadow, and rounded corners. Forms
are designed with spacious inputs and a blue submit button that changes
color on hover. The footer has a matching background and centered text. The
overall design ensures readability and a consistent, responsive user
interface.
VII. DISCUSSION ABOUT GDPR
The system adheres to WCAG 2.1 accessibility standards, integrating
features like keyboard navigation, high-contrast schemes, and descriptive alt
texts to ensure inclusivity. The growing demand for accessible educational
technologies, highlighted by a 2022 The Guardian article, emphasizes the
need for compliance. Regarding data protection, the system follows GDPR by
encrypting sensitive data and offering users control over their information, in
line with the "right to be forgotten." The ICO (2023) stresses the importance
of transparency in data usage, which the system addresses with clear
privacy policies.

Gathering and Using Data

 Limitation of Purpose: Only gather information for the management

of student communications, postings, and profiles.
 Transparency: Provide students with a clear privacy policy that
explains how their data will be handled and preserved.

Rights of Users

 Right of Access: Permit pupils to see their personal information.

 Right to Rectification: Give students the opportunity to rectify
inaccurate information in their records.
 Right to Erasure: Give students the choice to remove their data and
accounts.
 Right to Restrict Processing: Provide choices for limiting the
processing of personal data.
 Right to Data Portability: Give students access to their data in a
manner that they can carry with them.
 Right to Object: Under some circumstances, honor students'
objections to data processing.

Security of Data

 Data Protection: To safeguard personal information, use encryption

and secure storage.
  Regular Reviews: To guard against breaches, do security
assessments.

Storage and Management of Data

 Data Minimization: Only gather the information required to run the

system.
 Retention Policies: Establish and implement guidelines to prevent
retaining data for longer than necessary.

Accountability and Conformity

 Privacy Notices: Clearly explain how data is collected and used.

 Data Protection Officer (DPO): To ensure compliance, think about
designating a DPO.
 Documentation: To prove compliance with GDPR, keep track of all
data processing operations.

The solution will guarantee compliance and successfully preserve user

privacy by incorporating these GDPR principles.

The system’s back end is built using PHP PDO, chosen for its secure and
efficient interaction with the MySQL database (PHP.net, 2023). Unlike the
procedural MySQLi, PDO provides robust support for prepared statements,
mitigating risks associated with SQL injection attacks.

HTML5 and CSS3 form the backbone of the front-end design, enhanced by
Bootstrap for consistency and ease of customization. JavaScript is employed
for client-side validation, ensuring a smoother user experience by catching
errors before submission.

VIII. TESTTING
Unit tests for individual components and integration tests for end-to-end
processes were among the testing approaches used. Manual testing was also
conducted to evaluate usability, a critical metric highlighted in Duckett
(2014).
No Functi Desired
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. on Outcome
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Verify the message
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admin login appears on the
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Delete In the List

The question is
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4 Questio select no longer there Pass
after deletion.
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Go to Manage correct the If the results
Edit of
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Module
select "Edit." successful.
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Test successfully,
Delete Click “Delete”
Delete a user return student list
6 student in Manage
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s Student
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 Click “Answer”
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7 Test successfully
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click button
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request
massage. successfully update the list
again

IX. CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS AND RESULTS

9.1 Challenges
a) Frontend and backend integration:
 The challenge is to make sure that the backend PHP scripts and
frontend HTML forms interact efficiently, particularly when managing
user input and data uploads.
 Solution: AJAX was used to facilitate data entry and retrieval, and client
and server inputs were verified to guarantee data integrity.
b) Database Schema Adjustments:
 Challenge: Adapting the database schema to the project's changing
needs, including adding new features and fixing problems like missing
tables or columns.
 Solution: PDO was used for safe and effective database interactions,
and database queries and schema were updated to reflect the
modifications.
c) Debugging and Error Handling:
 Managing errors like "Column not found" or improper redirection that
affected the web application's operation was a challenge.
 Solution: PHP scripts were debugged and fixed to guarantee that
database operations and redirection logic were handled correctly.
d) Usability and Design of User Interfaces:
  The challenge is to leverage Tailwind CSS to create an intuitive user
experience while keeping it looking polished and professional.
 Solution: Based on feedback, Tailwind CSS was successfully used to
produce the intended design aesthetics and enhanced usability.
e) Examining functionality:
 The challenge is making sure that every feature—such as module
administration, question management, and login—functions well and
satisfies user needs.
 Solution: Detailed test cases, including edge cases and error situations,
were created to verify every functionality.

9. 2 Results
a) Successful connection: Data submission and retrieval were made
possible by the frontend and backend's smooth connection. Scripts for
backend processing are now properly connected to forms.
b) Database Schema Update: The required tables and columns were
added to the database schema. Features like adding, editing, and
removing modules and questions function as planned.
c) Better Error Handling: By implementing efficient error handling, the
application's resilience was increased and the frequency of frequent
mistakes was decreased.
d) Improved User Interface: The program is now aesthetically pleasing
and easy to use after the user interface was improved to satisfy the
design requirements.
e) Verified Features: Every significant feature was examined and
verified. Test cases validated that the program functions as intended
and gracefully resolves failures.

9.3 Discussion
a) Frontend and Backend Integration: The integration procedure
made clear how crucial it is to provide seamless frontend and backend
connectivity. Data integrity and user experience depend on efficient
error handling and validation.
 b) Database Schema Modifications: The necessity of schema
modifications highlighted how crucial it is to plan database structure
beforehand and be ready to make modifications when needs change.
The application's operation and stability depend on proper schema
maintenance.
c) Debugging and Error Handling: Finding and fixing faults provide
important information about typical problems encountered throughout
development. Having a strong error-handling system is essential for
creating dependable online apps.
d) Usability and User Interface Design: The design process reinforced
the need of developing an interface that is both aesthetically attractive
and easy to use. A significant tool for getting the required appearance
and experience while preserving design coherence was Tailwind CSS.
e) Functionality Testing: The thorough testing methodology made sure
the program satisfies user needs and operates as planned. Delivering a
high-quality product requires routine testing and validation.

All things considered, the project effectively overcame the difficulties

encountered during development, resulting in a functional and intuitive
online application. The outcomes show how successful the solutions were
and offer a strong basis for further improvements.

9.4 Ethical Considerations

The ethical implications of data handling are at the forefront of this
project. Transparency and accountability are ensured by documenting all
processes, a practice advocated in a Forbes article by Newman (2022) on
ethical software development.

X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

10.1 Conclusion
The development of a CRUD-based web application for student
interaction has highlighted the importance of creating accessible, secure,
and user-centric platforms in educational technology. By leveraging
technologies like PHP PDO and MySQL, the project has successfully
implemented functionalities for post creation, editing, deletion, and user
management. These features address the practical needs of students while
maintaining compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR.

Moreover, the system incorporates modern design principles,

emphasizing usability and inclusivity. This aligns with best practices outlined
by Krug (2014) in his discussion of effective user experience design. The
application also addresses security concerns by implementing encrypted
password storage and structured validation processes, mitigating risks such
as unauthorized data access, a frequent issue identified in educational
applications (Heater, 2023).

However, the project is not without its limitations. The absence of

advanced authentication methods, such as OAuth or multi-factor
authentication, poses a potential security gap. Additionally, the current
system does not provide real-time collaboration features or advanced
analytics, which are becoming increasingly essential in modern educational
platforms (The Guardian, 2022). These limitations provide avenues for future
enhancements and optimization.
10.2 Recommendations
To improve the system and expand its functionality, the following
recommendations are proposed:

 Implement Advanced Authentication Mechanisms

Security can be significantly enhanced by integrating OAuth 2.0 for third-
party login options such as Google or Facebook authentication. This
approach aligns with modern security practices and user expectations
(O’Reilly Media, 2023). Multi-factor authentication should also be
considered to provide an additional layer of security.

 Enhance User Experience with AI-Driven Features

Introducing artificial intelligence to the system could improve usability.
For instance, an AI-powered search and recommendation engine could
assist students in finding relevant posts or modules efficiently. Research
by TechCrunch (2023) indicates that AI integration can boost user
engagement and satisfaction in educational platforms.

 Expand Accessibility Features

While the system adheres to WCAG 2.1 standards, additional accessibility
tools such as text-to-speech functionality or adjustable text sizes could
further support users with disabilities. Studies suggest that these
features increase platform inclusivity significantly (ISO, 2019).

 Integrate Real-Time Collaboration Tools

Adding real-time features such as live chat or collaborative editing could
transform the platform into a more dynamic and interactive space for
students. These functionalities have been widely adopted in modern
educational platforms and are seen as critical for fostering collaborative
learning environments (BBC, 2022).

 Incorporate Analytics and Reporting

Adding an analytics dashboard could allow administrators to monitor
platform usage, track active users, and identify popular modules.
Analytics tools can assist improve the system by offering insightful
information about user behavior (MySQL Documentation, 2023).
 Optimize Database for Scalability
As the system grows, optimizing the database to handle increased traffic
and data volume becomes essential. Implementing indexing, partitioning,
or even migrating to cloud-based databases like Amazon RDS could
improve performance and reliability (AWS Documentation, 2023).

 Develop a Mobile Application

While the web platform is responsive, creating a dedicated mobile
application could enhance user accessibility and experience. A mobile
app allows for push notifications and offline capabilities, both of which
are critical in educational contexts (Forbes, 2022).

These recommendations not only address the limitations of the current

system but also align with emerging trends in educational technology. By
implementing these changes, the platform can evolve into a comprehensive
tool that fosters collaboration, improves accessibility, and ensures data
security.

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