Electronics System Design Lecture

Engr. Giovanni M. Ariola

About Me

Engr. Giovanni M. Ariola

Assistant Professor 3, Department of Electronics Engineering, DLSUD

Academic Qualifications
 BS in Electronics and Communications Engineering (ADNU, 2004)
 MS in Electronics Engineering – Microelectronics (MIT, 2010)
 PhD in Electronics Engineering – Microelectronics (MIT, On Going)

Contact Details
 Email: [email protected]
 Consultation Room: CTH214
My Rules

 Be punctual!
 Plan to arrive to class on time and to stay for the entire class period (or until
dismissed) because random arrivals and exits are disrespectful and distracting.
 All cell phones, smartphones, and other electronic devices (e.g.,
pagers, iPods) must be on silent mode and hidden from view during
class time.
 Talking and other disruptive behaviors are not permitted while classes
are in session.
 Be polite and respectful towards others, instructor and other students.
 Wear proper attire as to University dress code.
Overview

 What should you already know?

 Course Description
 Topic Outline
 Course Requirements and Grading System
 References
 Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes
What should you
already know?

 AC and DC analysis of electrical networks.

 Electronics devices and theorems
 Active and Passive filters
 OpAmps
COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course will enable you to understand the

theory and operating characteristics of electronic
devices and control circuits for industrial processes;
industrial control applications; electronics
instrumentation; transducers; data acquisition system,
power supply and voltage regulator.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
• Attendance
• Class Participation
o Seatwork
o Assignment
• Quizzes
• Major Examinations
Course Outline
• Introduction
• Solid-State Devices used to Control Power: SCR, UJT,
TRIAC, DIACS
• Optoelectronics and sensors
• Programmable Logic Controllers
• AC and DC meters
• Industrial Robots
• Welding
Assessment

Midterm/Final

Midterm Percentage Final Term Percentage

Enabling Assessment 65% Enabling Assessment 65%

Exercises/Assignment/Seatwork 10% Exercises/Assignment/SW 10%
Short Quizzes 15% Short Quizzes 15%
Long Quizzes 40% Long Quizzes 40%

Summative Assessment 30% Summative Assessment 30%

Midterm Examination Final Examination/Output
(Comprehensive Exam)

Attendance 5% Attendance 5%

Total 100% Total 100%

Overall Grade = Midterm Grade + Final Grade

2
 This is a College Class you know how to read, I’m not
going to do it for you.

TEXTBOOK

Maloney T (2004) Modern Industrial Electronics 5th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

REFERENCES

Sartori G, Rehg J. (2006) Industrial Electronics New Jersey: Prentice Hall

Floyd, T. (2005). Electronics Devices. 7th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Shanefield D. (2001) Industrial Electronics for Engineers, Chemist and Technicians
Norwich NY, William Andrew Publishing
de Silva C. (2007) Sensors and Actuators Control Systems Instrumentation Taylor and
Francis
COURSE POLICIES

Class Attendance. A significant portion of your learning is

dependent on your participation in, and contribution to, the
classroom community. You are expected to be in class, turn all
work on time, and significantly contribute to the classroom
discussion. You should notify your professor in advance
regarding all approved absences.
You may be absent only due to sickness or extremely
unavoidable circumstances. You are held responsible for all
lessons and requirements that you missed during your
absences. Students who exceeded 11 hours of un-excused
absences inclusive of tardiness will obtain a grade of 0.00.

Assignments. Assignments are due at the beginning of class

unless otherwise indicated. Assignments turned in 5 minutes
after will NOT be accepted. There is NO revision for make up
for any missed assignment.
COURSE POLICIES

Seatwork. There is no revision for make up for any

missed seatwork.

Quizzes and Examinations. You are expected to do

your own work on the examinations and are
responsible to protect your work from being copied
by your classmates. Reference materials may not be
used during quizzes and examinations. Make up
quizzes are given for excused absences only. If you
missed any quiz, you should see your professor
ASAP to schedule the make-up quiz. You will lose
the chance to take the special quiz if you fail to take
such as scheduled.
COURSE POLICIES

Major Examinations. There will be two major

examinations for each term. You may take a special
examination only if your failure to take such is due to an
excused absence, sickness, or extremely unavoidable
circumstances. Special major exams may be given and
are scheduled one week after the administration of the
major exams in accordance with what is written on the
student’s handbook (or in relation to policy letter A.) NO
special examination will be given a week after the
scheduled major exam.
COURSE POLICIES

Academic Honesty. Acts prohibited by the University

for which discipline may be administered include
scholastic dishonesty, including but not limited to,
cheating on examination or quiz, plagiarizing,
unauthorized collaboration with another in preparing
outside work. The academic work you will submit shall
be the result of your thought, research, or self-
expression. An academic work is defined as, but not
limited to, tests, quizzes, whether taken electronically or
on paper, projects, either individual or group, classroom
presentations, and assignments. Cheating will merit a
grade of 0.00 for the semester.
COURSE POLICIES

Proper Decorum in the Classroom. Cellular phones should

always be in silent mode during class hours; the use of cellular
class hours is prohibited in class unless a special permission is
sought. The use of ipod, mp3 player, psp or similar gadgets during
class hours is prohibited. Civility in the classroom is expected from
all members of the class.

General Concerns. All written requirements should be completed

on appropriate working papers with your name, date and type of
course requirement. Documents should have a neat, professional
appearance and be stapled on correct sequential order. All written
answers/solutions must be prepared using correct format, grammar,
punctuation and spelling. You must provide your own supplies,
including a non-programmable calculator, for use whenever
necessary. Only black ballpoint pen is allowed.
COURSE POLICIES

Other Concerns Relative to the Class. Any concern

that is relevant to the class should be brought your
professor’s attention before it elevated to a higher
authority or an outside party. This would cover, for
instance, complaints directed to your professor (manner
of teaching, grade, etc) or to your classmates. Special
arrangements requested due to certain situations (e.g a
student’s disabling condition) maybe decided and acted
on a case-to-case basis.

Other matters not provided in the preceding policies

concerning this class maybe resolved within the bound
of University policy.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

Code of Conduct
1. Students should observe silence at all times during the
examination.
2. The teacher-invigilator reserves the right to expel any
students from the room if he/she misbehaves during
the examination.
3. Unauthorized materials are not allowed.
4. Cheating in any form would result in a grade of 0.0 in
the subject
5. Students sitting for the examination must adhere to the
school rules with regards to attire, hairstyle and
accessories.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

Before the Commencement of the Examination

1. Remove all books and scraps of papers from the desks and
classroom (check under the table-top covers and class
notice board). Unauthorized materials are not allowed.
2. Be seated according to the class seat plan.
3. All bags and files are to be placed neatly in the front of the
classroom.
4. Students are to check their pockets to ensure that there are
no scraps of papers, notes and books in their possession.
5. Electronic gadgets and communication devices such as
hand phones are not allowed. Only non-programmable
calculators are allowed for certain papers.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

Before the Commencement of the Examination

6. No extra time will be given to the latecomers. Students
who report 30 minutes after the paper has started will not
be allowed to take the exam and will get a mark of zero.
7. There should be absolute silence before the question papers
are distributed and during the collection of the papers.
8. Read the instructions carefully immediately upon receiving
the question papers.
9. Students are to ensure they have been given the correct
subject papers.
10.Students are expected to come to the exam room prepared
with all the required materials to take the exam.
Borrowing/Asking for any material prior to or during
examination is strictly prohibited.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

During the Examination

1. Do not communicate with other students. If there are
queries, students are to raise their hands and clarify with
the invigilator. Any form of communication with fellow
student during exam/quiz will be considered as cheating.
2. Students are not allowed to borrow any stationery from
each other.
3. Students are not allowed to go to the toilet.
4. Do not leave any sheet of your answers or diagrams in such
a position that another student can read them.
5. Students who are caught cheating or attempting to cheat
will be severely dealt with.
6. Students must stop writing immediately when told to do so
by the invigilator at the end of the paper.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

After the Examination

1. At the end of each paper, remain quiet and ensure that all
scripts are handed in as instructed by the invigilator.
2. No student is allowed to take any writing paper, used or
unused, out of the examination room/hall.
3. Ensure that the examination hall/rooms are clean before
you leave the examination venue.
4. Students are reminded to leave quietly and do not disturb
the other students who might still be sitting for their papers.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

Attendance during the Exam Period

1. All students are to note that they will need to produce valid
medical certificates in the event they fall sick and have to
go on medical leave. Report to the concern faculty
immediately upon your return to the school with your
medical certificate.
2. A student who is absent for any paper without a medical
certificate will get zero mark for that paper. Letters of
excuse from parents/guardians are not acceptable in the
event of illness.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

Attendance during the Exam Period

3. Students with valid medical certificates will be scheduled
for supplementary papers. However, if a student reports
sick again with a medical certificate on the day of the
scheduled supplementary paper, he will be receive a VR
(Valid Reason ) for the subject/s affected in his result slip.
4. Only the students with valid reason will be scheduled for
supplementary papers. Being late due to the traffic is not a
valid reason.
Rules & Regulations for Exams/Quizzes

Taking supplementary exam

1. Students must follow the code of conduct in taking
examinations.
2. Student must report 10 minutes before the agreed schedule
of the supplementary exam. Failure to do so would mean a
mark of zero for the particular paper.
Quiz Format

1. Use only 8.5”x11” white

bond paper
2. For multiple pages; staple
once at the upper left
corner.
3. Fold length wise.
4. In a case of problems are
written on the board, copy
all the problems first then
write the solutions after
otherwise just write your
solutions.
5. Place your final answer
inside a rectangle.
6. Deductions for papers not
in proper format.
7. Make an effort for your
exam papers to be clean
and readable.
8. No borrowing of any
materials during
examinations.
Seatwork/Assignment Format

1. Follow the format

for quizzes.
Requirements

 Every student is required to bring the

following in class:
 8.5x11 white bond paper
 stapler
 calculator
 Black inked pen
Introduction
Prerequisites

 To understand this presentation, you should have

the following prior knowledge:
 Draw the structure of an atom, including electrons,
protons, and neutrons.
 Define resistance and conductance.
 Label an electronic schematic, indicating current flow.
 Define Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws.
 Describe the characteristics of DC and AC (sine wave)
voltages.
Introduction
• Electrical power is needed for continuous operation of many
circuits and devices in a system.
• The moment electrical power is applied, the electronic devices
and circuits inside a machine synthesize into a functioning
system to serve a desired purpose.
• Hence a power supply unit of some kind is a compulsion to
energize electronic systems.
• The function of an electronic power supply unit is to convert the
ac or dc line power into the required dc voltages according to the
current demands of a particular system.
Power Supply
 All electronic circuits need a power source to
work.
 For electronic circuits made up of transistors
and/or ICs, this power source must be a DC
voltage of a specific value.
 A battery is a common DC voltage source for
some types of electronic equipment especially
portables like cell phones and iPods.
 Most non-portable equipment uses power
supplies that operate from the AC power line
but produce one or more DC outputs.
Power Supply Characteristics
 The input is the 120 volt 60 Hz AC
power line. Alternately, the input
may be 240 volt AC.
 The power supply converts the AC
into DC and provides one or more
DC output voltages.
 Some modern electronic circuits
need two or more different
voltages.
 Common voltages are 48, 24, 15,
12, 9, 5, 3.3, 2.5, 1.8, 1.5, 1.2 and
1 volts.
 A good example of a modern power
supply is the one inside a PC that
furnishes 12, 5, 3.3 and 1.2 volts.
Components of a Power Supply
 Main circuits in most power supplies.
Power Supply
 The AC line is first passed
through a low pass filter of
the form shown in figure.
 This eliminates noise on the
AC line from bothering the
power supply circuits and
prevents unwanted signals
from the power supply from
being transferred back into
the AC line where they might
interfere with other
equipment.
Transformer

 A transformer is commonly used to step the input AC voltage

level down or up. Most electronic circuits operate from
voltages lower than the AC line voltage so the transformer
normally steps the voltage down by its turns ratio to a desired
lower level.
 For example, a transformer with a turns ratio of 10 to 1 would
convert the 120 volt 60 Hz input sine wave into a 12 volt sine
wave.
Rectifier

 The rectifier converts the AC sine wave into

a pulsating DC wave.
 There are several forms of rectifiers used
but all are made up of diodes.
 Rectifier types and operation will be
covered later.
Filter

 The rectifier produces a DC output but it is

pulsating rather than a constant steady value
over time like that from a battery.
 A filter is used to remove the pulsations and
create a constant output.
 The most common filter is a large capacitor.
Regulator

 The regulator is a circuit that helps maintain a

fixed or constant output voltage.
 Changes in the load or the AC line voltage will
cause the output voltage to vary.
 Most electronic circuits cannot withstand the
variations since they are designed to work
properly with a fixed voltage.
 The regulator fixes the output voltage to the
desired level then maintains that value despite
any output or input variations.
DC-DC Converter
 Most modern power supplies also contain
one or more DC-DC converters
 Modern electronics often demand different
voltages to function.
 A DC-DC converter changes one DC
voltage to another, higher or lower DC
voltage.
 A DC-DC converter is used with a power
supply to prevent the need for a second AC-
DC supply.
Ripple
 The capacitor does a good job of smoothing the
pulses from the rectifier into a more constant DC.
 A small variation occurs in the DC because the
capacitor discharges a small amount between the
positive and negative pulses. Then it recharges.
This variation is called ripple.
 The ripple can be reduced further by making the
capacitor larger.
 The ripple appears to be a sawtooth shaped AC
variation riding on the DC output.
 A small amount of ripple can be tolerated in some
circuits but the lower the better overall.
The Regulator
 Most regulators are ICs .
 These are feedback control circuits that
actually monitor the output voltage to detect
variations.
 If the output varies, for whatever reason, the
regulator circuit automatically adjusts the
output back to the set value.
 Regulators hold the output to the desired value.
 Since ripple represents changes in the output,
the regulator also compensates for these
variations producing a near constant DC
output.
 Voltage regulator ICs are available with
fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable
output voltages.
 Basic Switching Regulator

 The switching regulator is more efficient than the linear

series or shunt type.
 This type regulator is ideal for high current applications since
less power is dissipated.
 Basically, a switching regulator passes voltage to the load
pulses, which are then filtered to provide a smooth dc voltage.
 With switching regulators 90% efficiencies can be achieved.
Trends in Power Supplies

• As costs of electronics decline, the power supply becomes a larger

fraction of system cost and design effort.
• In the past, bulky linear power supplies were designed with
transformers and rectifiers from the ac line frequency to provide low-
level dc voltages for electronic circuits.
• Late in the 1960s, use of dc sources in aerospace applications led to
the development of power electronic dc-dc conversion circuits for
power supplies.
• These switched-mode power supplies are rapidly supplanting linear
supplies across the full spectrum of circuit applications.
• Device technology for power supplies is being driven by expanding
needs in the automotive and telecommunications industries as well
as in markets for portable equipment.