Statistics

Mean � Median formula for grouped data

� Mean is the average of all the numbers in the given
data. Or �n �
The arithmetic mean is found by adding the �2 �f�
i
number & and dividing the sum of the total Lm + � f m �
� �
number of observations in the list. � �
Where
n � Total frequency

r
f � Cumulative frequency of class before the

Si
median class.
Sum of observations
Mean of observations =
Total no. of observations
fm� Frequency of the class median.
=

p
Ex. Data : 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15 i � Class width.
Sum = 80
Total observations = 10
a Lm � Lower boundary of the class median.

n
t
Mode
o
80
� Mean = =8
ti
a
10 � Mode is the most common number of the data.
a
Mediam
ic
Pr

� Median is the middle no., when data is arranged OR Mode is the most frequently occurring value
bl

in ascending order. Or in the list.

Pu

Median is the middle value in a list ordered from

smallest to largest.
Ex. 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15
on
n

9 is occurring 3 times 9, 3
pi

� Mode = 9
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am

� Mode for grouped data

� If number of observations is even
Mode of observations =L+h.
Ch

fm � f1
Ga

�n� �� n � � � fm � f1� � � fm � f 2 �
� � th term + �� � +1� th term
Median = � 2 � �� 2 � �
Where L = Lower limit of the modal class.
2
� If number of observations is odd. L=
h = Size of the class interval.
h=
� n � 1�
Median = � 2 � th term. fm = Frequency of the modal
� �
fm =
Ex.1 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15
f1 = frequency of the class preceding the modal
8�9 17 class.
Median = = = 8.5
2 2
f1 =
Ex.2 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15, 16
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal
n �1 11 � 1 class.
Median = th term �6th term ��9
2 2 f2 =

154
 Range Frequency
� Range is the difference between the largest � The frequency (f) of a particular value is the
number and smallest number of data. number of times the value occurs in the data.
(f)

Ex. 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15 Ex. 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15

Range ��15 – 3 = 12 5 2
Mean Deviation
Frequency of 8 1
� The average deviation from the mean value of the
given data set. 9 3
Frequency Distribution
Ex. 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15 mean = 8 � It is a representation either in a graphical or

r
���������������������������������������� tabular format that displays the number of
Deviation�5 4 3 3 0 1 1 1 5 7 sum = 30 observations within a given interval.

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from mean
30
�Mean deviation = =3 Ex. The height of 50 students measured as :
10
50

p
Variance
161, 150, 154, 165, 168, 161, 154, 162, 150, 151,
� Variance is the expected value of the squared
a
variation of a random variable from its mean value.
OR Variance is the measure of how data points
162, 164, 171, 165, 158, 154, 156, 172, 160, 170,
153, 159, 161, 170, 162, 165, 166, 168, 165, 164,

n
154, 152, 153, 156, 158, 162, 160, 161, 173, 166,
t
differ from the mean.
o
161, 159, 162, 167, 168, 159, 158, 153, 154, 159.
ti
a
Frequency distribution from this data
a
ic
Pr
bl

Class Interval Frequency

Ex. 3, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 13, 15 mean = 8
Pu

����������������������������������������
150-155 12
Deviation�5 4 3 3 0 1 1 1 5 7
on

155-160 9
n

from ����������������������������������������
160-165 14
pi

mean 25 16 9 9 0 1 1 1 25 49 sum 136

ga

165-170 10
am

136 170-175 5
variance = = 13.6
10 Total 50
Ch

Standard Deviation Frequency Polygon

Ga

� The Standard Deviation is a measure of how � A line graph of class frequency plotted against
spread out numbers are. class midpoint. It can be obtained by joining the
midpoints of the tops of the rectangles in the
histogram.
� Standard deviation =

var iance = 13.6

155