IT

1.Wire & wireless connection. (IMP)

Ans:
(Also add price point - wired network is more expensive because whole labour of wiring
takes cost and wireless is not expensive then wired )

2.Role of firewall.

Ans: Firewalls filter traffic between networks, blocking or allowing traffic based on security
rules. A firewall is a network security device designed to monitor and control incoming and
outgoing traffic, based on predetermined rules and policies. By examining network packets
and applying these rules, firewalls create a protective barrier that filters and manages the flow
of bi-directional data. Firewalls act as the first line of defense against unauthorized access,
malicious attacks, and potential security breaches.

3.What is middleware? Why and how is it used in sports technology?

Ans: Middleware is software and cloud services that provide common services and
capabilities to applications and help developers and operators build and deploy applications
more efficiently. Middleware acts like the connective tissue between applications, data, and
users.
Sports Facility Management: Facility management software like Sports Facilities
Management (SFM) or CourtReserve automates facility bookings, maintenance scheduling,
and member management for sports venues.

4.How does data analysis enhance decision making in sports? (IMP)

Ans: Data analysis enhance decision making in sports:

•Key in making strategy: By analyzing player statistics, coaches and team managers
can identify strengths and weaknesses, make effective player selections, and devise game
plans that maximize the chances of winning.
•Help in measuring performance: enable coaches and sports scientists to evaluate the
performance of the players, assess their strengths & weaknesses, and identify areas of
improvement. It analyzes various performance metrics, such as speed, distance covered, and
physiological indicators to enhance on-field performance.
•Prevent injury: Data analytics in sports is used to monitor athlete's workload,
biomechanics, and injury risk factors to prevent the player's well-being. Teams analyze
training data, injury history, and physiological indicators to identify potential risks and
implement preventive measures.
•Talent identification: Enable teams to collect data on player performance metrics
such as speed, distance covered, heart rate, and biomechanical movements. Which helps to
identify talent who can best suit to play.
•Training plan management: By analyzing data from training sessions, games, and
individual athletes, coaches can tailor training regimens, improve techniques, and prevent
injuries.

5.The evolution of relational database to NO SQL database. What are their key
differences?

Ans: The earliest databases were magnetic tapes with data records stored sequentially.
Databases continued to evolve with advances in technology. They have now become
complex, high-performing systems with their own dedicated field of study.

6.Differentiate between router and switch?

Ans:

7.What are the advantages of using BI (business intelligence) tools?

Ans:
•Efficiency & accuracy: BI tools offer a single source of information; it helps the
employees or the executive hierarchy to spend more time on productivity and less time on
managing data. This way, employees can focus on producing reports and timely deliverables
in real-time. This accurate information leads to better decision making and helps companies
achieve long and short-term goals.
•Improve customer satisfaction: When it comes to customer behavior, user personas,
feedback, BI lets you in on all the insights. These BI tools help to identify what’s lacking
with your services or products and enhance customer satisfaction by making necessary
changes. Real-time data on the customer’s feedback help in bringing corrective changes and
deliver excellent customer service and satisfaction.
•Decision making: BI reduces the times a company has to lose a customer, revenue, or
deal with inaccurate information or slow processes. It is essential in gaining a competitive
edge for companies to make faster and accurate decisions by leveraging the existing data, at
the right time, and improve decision making.
•Relevant & accurate database: Using different kinds of data sources, employees can
customize their reports and monitor KPIs. Real-time generated reports offer the most
pertinent data, which help companies make faster and better decisions. Data from sales,
finance, or operations are used to create easily accessible reports, have great visualizations
with the help of charts, graphs, tables, etc. These reports offer faster insights, access,
accuracy, and relevancy.
•Give competitive advantage: BI offers incredible benefits with the help of this data in
terms of forecasting, budgeting, planning, and staying on top of things via analysis.
Competitive analysis helps companies to know the competition and the performance of their
competitors as well. This, in turn, leads to finding out how to differentiate one’s products
from others. It goes the same for services as well.

8. Components of a hardware. (IMP)

Ans:
•RAM (random access memory): Provides temporary storage for data and instructions
that the CPU needs to access quickly. Examples include DDR4 RAM modules.
•ROM (read only memory): ROM is sustained by a small, long-life battery in the
computer. It contains two basic components: the decoder and the OR logic gates. In ROM,
the decoder receives input in binary form; the output will be the decimal equivalent. The OR
gates in ROM use the decoder's decimal output as their input.
•CPU (central processing unit): Acts as the brain of the computer, executing
instructions and processing data. Examples include Intel Core processors and AMD Ryzen
processors.
•GPU (graphic processing unit): Specialized hardware component that accelerates
rendering of images and videos, crucial for graphics-intensive tasks.
 9.Challenges of implementing technology in amateur sports industry. (Same as Q20.)

Ans:
•Cost: The cost of developing and implementing new sports technology can be significant,
making it difficult for smaller companies to enter the market. The high cost of technology can
also limit access to new technologies and prevent some athletes from leveraging technology
to improve their performance.
•Less training/ skill set:
•Maintenance:
•Integration:
(Elaborate the points)

10.How do data management system support sports / businesses / operations?

Ans: Strategy:
Decision support
Data storage
Retrieve
Security
(Explain all points)

11.How is cloud database different from a standard basic database? Explain the
advantages.

Ans:

Advantages:
•Scalability: Traditional databases excel in speed but lack scalability. Cloud solutions
provide easy scaling and global accessibility.
•Accessibility: Traditional databases operate on-premises, ideal for structured data
and direct access. Cloud-based databases offer scalability and flexibility, accessible from
anywhere.
•Cost effective: Traditional databases have higher initial costs; cloud-based models
reduce upfront expenses with pay-as-you-go pricing.
•Security: Traditional databases allow full control over security. Cloud databases offer
robust security managed by vendors but limit direct control.
12.Network topologies (IMP)
Ans:
 •Star: A Star topology is a type of network topology in which all the devices or nodes
are physically connected to a central node such as a router, switch, or hub. The central node
(hub) acts as a server, and the connecting nodes act as clients.
•Ring: Ring topology is a type of network configuration where devices are connected
in a circular manner, forming a closed loop. In this setup, each device is connected to exactly
two other devices, creating a continuous pathway for data transmission.
•Mesh: Mesh topology is a network configuration where devices are interconnected in
a decentralized manner. Instead of relying on a central hub or switch, each device connects
directly to multiple other devices, forming a mesh-like structure.
•Bus: Bus topology is a type of network topology in which all devices are connected
to a single cable called a "bus." This cable serves as a shared communication medium,
allowing all devices on the network to receive the same signal simultaneously.

13.What is TCP / IP?

Ans: TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. TCP/IP is a set of
standardized rules that allow computers to communicate on a network such as the internet. If
the system were to send the whole message in one piece, and if it were to encounter a
problem, the whole message would have to be re-sent. Instead, TCP/IP breaks each message
into packets, and those packets are then reassembled on the other end. In fact, each packet
could take a different route to the other computer, if the first route is unavailable or
congested.

14.How can advance analytics be used to improve team performance in sports ?

Ans: Sports teams and clubs that have started to use analytics platforms have successfully
created a ‘whole team’ picture. They are using analytics to improve team performance by
reducing injury risk, analysing and managing training, making strategy and predicting
performance. They are also finding that it is possible to increase revenues by improved ticket
pricing taking into account demand, and to retain season ticket holders by better churn
analysis, as well as improving marketing and merchandising. This has a considerable effect
on the bottom line.
Example : the fitness levels of players can be tracked using wearable technology and are now
integrated to evaluate players' performance. Real-time information can be used for analytics
and improved decision-making from wearable sensors, which are sewn into the jerseys of
each player.

15.What is the importance of network security? What measures can be taken and
implemented to increase the security in organisations?

Ans: Network security is the process of protecting your computer network from potential
threats. You probably already know that it’s important to keep any personal information
private, or else risk being a target for malicious individuals.
Malware is a software program designed to perform malicious activities. Different types of
malware have different capabilities, such as monitoring browser activity, granting remote
access to a computing device, stealing sensitive information, and encrypting data in exchange
for a ransom.

•Encryption: All sensitive data should be encrypted, both at rest and in transit. The
use of encryption is one of the simplest and most effective ways of preventing unauthorized
access to sensitive data, yet it is still one of the most overlooked.
•Training: Since a large number of security incidents are caused by negligent insiders,
security awareness training is crucially important. Employees must understand the
importance of good password hygiene and must be trained to identify suspicious email/SMS
messages, as well as phone calls.
•Security: Since a large number of security incidents are caused by negligent insiders,
security awareness training is crucially important. Employees must understand the
importance of good password hygiene and must be trained to identify suspicious email/SMS
messages, as well as phone calls.
•Firewall: Firewalls are effectively gatekeepers between your computer and the
internet. They act as a barrier to prevent the spread of cyber threats such as viruses and
malware. It's important to set up firewall devices properly and check them regularly to ensure
their software/firmware is up to date, or they may not be fully effective.

16.What are the principles of good database design?

Ans: Designing a database structure include ensuring data integrity, consistency, and security.
It should also be designed for scalability, optimised for performance, and be able to handle
concurrency effectively.
•Scalability: A database must be able to grow without compromising its performance
and the integrity of its data. The same design principles that contribute to integrity and
performance also make scalability possible.
•Security: Database design principles aimed at controlling access to information – as
well as encrypting and protecting sensitive data – make information security possible.
•Integrity: Observing principles such as non-redundancy and the use of constraints,
primary and foreign keys, data validation, and referential integrity ensures that the
information stored in the database maintains its integrity and consistency.
•Performance: Normalization principles optimize data access and eliminate
redundancy. In turn, indexing principles contribute to speeding up result times.

17.Discuss the impact of emerging tech like AI, IOT, etc on sports management.

Ans: The market for artificial intelligence in the sports industry has experienced significant
growth in recent years. This growth can be attributed to advancements in AI technologies,
increased investments from sports organizations, and a growing demand for data-driven
insights. Other factors influencing the market growth are increased demand for player
monitoring and tracking, real-time sports data analytics, AI for sports betting, and AI sports
predictions. Also, there is a growing demand for virtual assistants and chatbots to interact
with fans and sports enthusiasts.

18.How do wearables contribute in an athlete’s performance?

Ans: Wearables offer a huge amount of important data that one can analyze and use to create
a better training plan that can help enhance overall performance. Medical staff and coaches
can detect irregularities in movements that can cause injuries. Based on the data they can
adjust training regimens to effectively address any possible risks quickly. Wearable
technology can also help coaches. They can use these technologies to create some advanced
yet safe training programs. Wearables can also help them offer a more personalized coaching
experience.

19.What is the concept of Big data?

Ans: Big data refers to extremely large and diverse collections of structured, unstructured,
and semi-structured data that continues to grow exponentially over time. These datasets are
so huge and complex in volume, velocity, and variety, that traditional data management
systems cannot store, process, and analyze them. The amount and availability of data is
growing rapidly, spurred on by digital technology advancements, such as connectivity,
mobility, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI). As data continues to
expand and proliferate, new big data tools are emerging to help companies collect, process,
and analyze data at the speed needed to gain the most value from it. Big data describes large
and diverse datasets that are huge in volume and also rapidly grow in size over time. Big data
is used in machine learning, predictive modeling, and other advanced analytics to solve
business problems and make informed decisions.

20.What are the challenge/ factors influencing selection of technology in sports?

Ans: same as Q9.