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Complex_Numbers_Part 2

The document provides an overview of complex numbers, including their representation on the complex plane, modulus, and polar form. It includes examples, exercises, and past exam questions related to complex numbers. Key concepts such as the Argand diagram and properties of modulus are also discussed.

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9 views

Complex_Numbers_Part 2

The document provides an overview of complex numbers, including their representation on the complex plane, modulus, and polar form. It includes examples, exercises, and past exam questions related to complex numbers. Key concepts such as the Argand diagram and properties of modulus are also discussed.

Uploaded by

oanegbeode.2400379
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

www.covenantuniversity.edu.

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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MTH 111
MATHEMATICS I: ALGEBRA
COMPLEX NUMBERS

Dr. G.O. Alao


The Complex Plane
The complex number z = x+iy can be represented
by a point on the complex plane. The complex plane
is often called the Argand diagram.
Example
Represent the complex numbers below by points on
the complex plane:
a) 2+3i c) -3-i e) 5
b) 3+i d) 4i
2
Argand Diagram
y 2 + 3i
3

1 3+i

x
1 2 3

3
Modulus of Complex Numbers
The modulus or absolute value of a complex
number denoted as z is the distance of the point
from the origin and it is defined as

z  x  y r
2 2

4
Modulus of Complex Numbers
Im z
z=x+iy

r y

Ꝋ
x Re z

5
Example/Exercise
1. Find the modulus of z if z = 3+3i

z  r  3  3  18  3 2
2 2

2. Find the modulus of z if z = 2  2 3i

6
Properties of the Modulus
The modulus or absolute value of a complex
number has the following properties:
1. z1  z 2  z1  z 2

z1 z1
2. 
z2 z2

3. iz  z

7
Polar form of Complex Numbers
A complex number written in Cartesian form
z  x  iy can also be represented in a polar form:

z  r  cos  i sin  
Where r  x  y  z is the modulus of z and
2 2

 is the argument of z.
Note:  is measured from the +ve x-axis in anti-clockwise direction.
8
Hints on special angles

9
Examples
Express the following in polar form:
 z1  1  i
z  1  i
 2

 z 3   1  i

 z 4  1  i

10
Solutions
 z1  1  i  2  cos 45  i sin 45 

 z2  1  i  2  cos135  i sin 135 

z3  1  i  2  cos 225  i sin 225 

 z 4  1  i  2  cos 315  i sin 315 

11
Example/Exercise
Express each of the following complex numbers
in polar form:
1. z = 2+2i 3
2. z = 1+i 3
3. z =  1  i 3
12
Past Questions On Complex Numbers
MAT111_2324/2223 Exams
1. Find the modulus of z=  1  i
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 2

2. The absolute value of the complex number z=a+ib is


(A) z  z (B) a 2 +b 2 (C) a 2 +b 2 (D) zz

13
Past Questions (Cont.)
3. Find p  q  1 if  x  1  and  x  3  are factors of
f  x   px  qx  11x  6
3 2

(A) 2 (B) 2i (C) 3 (D) 3i

2
4. If one root of the quadratic equation: 2x +kx=6 is 2
the value of k is
(A) 1 (B)  1 (C) i (D)  i
14
Past Questions (Cont.)
5. The argument of the complex number z = 1  i is
(A) 45 (B) 90 (C) 135 (D) 315

6. Which of the following signifies the square root of z =  1


(A) i, i (B) i (C)  i (D)  1

15
Past Questions (Cont.)
7. Find the quadratic equation in x, whose roots are 2i & i
(A) 2x  3ix  2  0
2
(B) x  3ix  2  0
2

(C) x  3ix  2  0 (D) x  3x  2  0


2 2

8. Find the complex conjugate of z if iz  2  i ?


2i
(A) (B) 1  i (C)  1  2i (D) 1  2i
i
16

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