Paramount

1111
Engineering Mathematics

Unique Collection of Questions with

Detailed Solutions
 PREFACE

It is our pleasure, that we insist on presenting “Paramount 1111” authored for

Computer Science Engineering to all of the aspirants and career seekers. The
prime objective of this book is to respond to tremendous amount of ever
growing demand for error free, flawless and succinct but conceptually
empowered solutions to all the questions.
This book serves to the best supplement for GATE 2023 (CSE).
Simultaneously having its salient features the book comprises :
 Step by step solution to all questions.
 Complete analysis of questions through concept wise.
 Solutions are presented in simple and easily understandable language.
The authors do not sense any deficit in believing that this title will in many aspects, be different
from the similar titles within the search of student.
In particular, we wish to thank GATE ACADEMY expert team members for their hard work
and consistency while designing the script.
The final manuscript has been prepared with utmost care. However, going a line that, there
is always room for improvement in anything done, we would welcome and greatly appreciate the
suggestions and corrections for further improvement.

Umesh Dhande
Vice President - Academics GATE & ESE
(UNACADEMY)
 11 Engineering Mathematics
Practice Questions
 3 1  (B) MN − NM is skew symmetric for all
  symmetric matrices M and N
2 2  ⋅ A = 1 1
Q.1 If P =   0 1 and
 1 3   (C) MN is symmetric for all symmetric
−  matrices M and N
 2 2 
Q = PAPT . Then P(Q 2005 ) PT equal to (D) (adj M ) (adj N ) = adj ( MN ) for all
invertible matrices M and N
 3 
1 2005 2005
(A)  (B)  2 Q.4 Let P = [a ij ] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let
0 1   
 1 0  Q = [bij ] , where bij = 2i + j aij for 1 ≤ i,
 1 2005  3  j ≤ 3. If determinant of P is 2, then the
   1 
(C) 3 (D) 2  determinant of the matrix Q is
 1  
 2  0 2005
(A) 210 (B) 211
Q.2 The system of linear equation
(C) 212 (D) 213
x+ y+ z =2
Q.5 X1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are vectors of
2x + 3 y + 2z = 5
length.
2 x + 3 y + (a 2 − 1) z = a + 1
(A) Has infinitely many solution for X1 = [ a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ]
a=4 X 2 = [b1 , b2 , b3 , b4 ]
(B) Is inconsistent when a = 3
X 3 = [ c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 ]
(C) Is inconsistent when a = 4
(D) Has a unique solution for a = 3 X 4 = [ d1 , d2 , d3 , d4 ]
Q.3 For 3 × 3 matrices M and N, which of the It is known that X 2 is not a scalar
following statement(s) is/are not correct
multiple of X 1. Also, X 3 is linearly
[MSQ]
independent of X 1 and X 2 . Further
(A) N T MN is symmetric or skew
symmetric, according as M is X 4 = 3 X 1 + 2 X 2 + X 3 . The rank of the
symmetric or skew symmetric matrix
 11.2 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

 a1 a2 a3 a4  1 1 1 1
(A) ≤ p≤ (B) < p<
b b2 b3 b4  3 2 3 2
 1 is _____. (in
 c1 c2 c3 c4  1 2 1 2
  (C) ≤ p≤ (D) < p<
 d1 d2 d3 d4  2 3 2 3
integer) Q.9 An unbiased coin is tossed. If the result
Q.6 Which of the following is the is a head, a pair of unbiased dice is rolled
characteristic equation of and the number obtained by adding the
a 0 0 0 numbers on the two faces is noted. If the
0 a 0 0 result is a tail, a card from a well
  shuffled pack of eleven cards numbered
0 0 a 0
  2, 3, 4, and 12 is picked and the number
0 0 0 a on the card is noted. The probability that
4
(A)  (−1) k . 4Ck . a k − 4 . λ k = 0 the noted number is either 7 or 8, is
k =1 (A) 0.24 (B) 0.244
4
(B) 
k =0
4
Ck . a k − 4 . λ k = 0 (C) 0.024 (D) None of these
Q.10 In sampling a large number of parts
4
(C)  (−1) . k 4
Ck . a 4−k k
.λ = 0 manufactured by a machine, the mean
k =1 number of defectives in a sample of 20
4 is 2. Out of 1000 such samples, how
(D)  (−1) k . 4Ck . a 4−k . λ k = 0 many would be expected to contain at
k =0

Q.7 If the characteristic values of least 3 defective parts

3 −1 1+ 1+ y4 − 2
A=  are λ1 and λ 2 and that of Q.11 The value of lim is
5 6  y →0 y4
 1 2 1
B=  are μ1 and μ2 , the (A) Exists and equals
 −1 5  4 2
1 1
equation whose roots are + and (B) Does not exist
λ1 λ 2
1
1 1 (C) Exists and equals
+ is 2 2
μ1 μ 2
1
(A) 201x 2 − 161x + 54 = 0 (D) Exists and equals
2 2( 2 + 1)
(B) 161x 2 − 201x + 54 = 0
(C) 201x 2 + 161x − 54 = 0 Q.12 The value of
(D) 161x 2 + 201x − 54 = 0 x + 2sin x
lim is
Q.8 If (1 + 3 p) / 3, (1 − p) / 4 and (1 − 2 p) / 2 x →0
x 2 + 2sin x + 1 − sin 2 x − x + 1
are the probabilities of three mutually (A) 3 (B) 2
exclusive events, then the set of all (C) 6 (D) 1
values of p is
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.3

Q.13 Let α and β are roots of the quadratic Q.18 The value of k and m so that f ( x) is
equation x 2 + bx + c = 0 . Then the value differentiable at x = 3 ;
1 − cos( x 2 + bx + c) k x + 1; 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
of lim is f ( x) = 
x →α ( x − α) 2  mx + 2; 3 < x ≤ 5
(A) b2 + 4c (B) b2 − 4c 8 2 5 5
(A) , (B) ,
1 5 5 8 2
(C) (b 2 − 4c) (D) None of these
2 5 5 5 4
(C) , (D) ,
Q.14 Which of the following functions is 8 5 8 5
differentiable at x = 0 Q.19 The total number of maxima and minima
(A) cos ( x ) + x (B) cos ( x ) − x points of function f ( x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x
occur between interval [0, 2π] is
(C) sin ( x ) + x (D) sin ( x ) − x
______. (in integer)
Q.15 The value of Q.20 A book of 600 pages contain 40 printing
x(1 + a cos x) − b sin x mistakes. Let these errors are randomly
lim =1
x →0 x3 distributed throughout the book and r is
then, the value of a + b is _______. (in the number of errors per page has a
integer) Poisson distribution. Then, the
sec 2 x probability that 10 pages selected at
 f (t ) dt random will be free from error is
Q.16 I = lim2
at f (2) = π is (A) 0.50 (B) 0.49
 2 π2 
x→
π

x − 
4 (C) 0.97 (D) 0.51
 16 
Q.21 Players A and B, playing the game by
_______. (in integer) tossing a coin with a dice, one who gets
Q.17 For f ( x), which of the following head and 6 will win the game. If A start
statements is/are True [MSQ] the game, probability of winning of A is
 0; x=0 _______. (rounded upto two decimal
1 places)
 − x; 0 < x < 1 [Note : They played it alternatively]
2 2
 1 1 Q.22 A bag contains 3 red and n white balls.
f ( x) =  x= Miss A draws two balls together from
 2 2
3 1 the bag. The probability they have the
2 − x; 2 < x <1 1
 same color is . Miss B draws one ball
 1: x =1 2
from bag, notes its color and replace it.
(A) f ( x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
She then draws a second ball from bag
1 and find both have same color with
(B) f ( x) is discontinuous at x =
2 5
probability . The possible value of n
(C) f ( x) is discontinuous at x = 1 8
(D) None of these is
 11.4 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®
(A) 9 (B) 6 _______. (rounded upto three decimal
(C) 5 (D) 1 places)
Q.23 If ‘x’ is a zero mean, unit variance Q.29 Consider the matrices X 4×3 , Y4×3 and
Gaussian random variable, then
P2×3 . The order of ( P( X T Y )−1 PT )T will
expected value E ( 5 x ) is _______.
be p × q , then p − q is _______. (in
(rounded upto two decimal places)
integer)
 x
 2, 0 > x ≤1 Q.30 If A 3×3 = 5 and B = adj(5A) then the

 1 value of 8 B 3×3 is _______. (in integer)
Q.24 f ( x) =  , 1< x ≤ 2
 2 a sin x + b cos x + cx −1
3 − x Q.31 If lim = then
 3 , 2< x≤3
x →0 x3 6
 a+b
Let ‘x’ be Random variable having is _______. (in integer)
c
probability density function f ( x) , then
Q.32 The function f ( x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 8
the probability P(1.5 < x ≤ 2.5 | x > 1) is
_______. (rounded upto one decimal [MSQ]
place) (A) Has minimum value at point (−2, 0)
1 2 −3 (B) Has maximum value at point (−2, 0)
Q.25 If A = 0 4 5  , then determinant of (C) Minimum value of function is 4
 
0 0 6  (D) Maximum value of function is 4
A3 + A2 + 2 A is _______. (in integer)  1 −3 4 
Q.26 The value integral Q.33 Matrix P = 0 −4 8  then [MSQ]
 
3
 1 0 0 5 
I =  e3 x  log x +  dx is
 x 1 −1 1
1
9
(A) Eigen value of P −1 are , ,
(A) e log 3 (B) e9 log 2 2 8 25
(C) e9 log 4 (D) e9 log 5 (B) Determinant of 5PT is −2500
Q.27 The number of linearly independent (C) P is an orthogonal matrix
1 2 3 2 (D) Eigen value of P 2022 are 1, 24044 ,
solution in matrix A =  2 3 5 1  52022
 Q.34 If ' P ' is a non-singular matrix, then
1 3 4 5  3×4
which of the following is/are not true
is _______. (in integer) about its Eigen value [MSQ]
Q.28 If x, y are independent binomial
(A) All the Eigen value of ' P ' are non-
 1 zero.
random variables ∈ 3,  . The
 3 (B) The Eigen value of ' P ' may or may
probability that the matrix not be zero.
 x y  (C) Only one Eigen value can be zero
 2 2 and above should be negative.
P=   is orthogonal is
 −1 1  (D) Nothing can be said about their
 2 2  Eigen value.
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.5
x3 While using public transport, further
Q.35 For the function f ( x) =  t dt [MSQ] choice available are bus and metro. Out
x2
of which the probability of commuting
(A) Total number of extremum points by a bus is 0.55. In such a situation, the
are '3' . probability of using a car, bus and metro
(B) Total number of extremum points respectively would be
are '5 ' . (A) 0.45, 0.30 and 0.25
2 (B) 0.45, 0.25 and 0.30
(C) Point of minimum value is .
3 (C) 0.45, 0.55 and 0
(D) Point of inflection is at x = 0 . (D) 0.45, 0.35 and 0.20
Q.36 If ' x ' is a Random variable then the Q.40 A husband and wife appear in an
expected value of f ( x) , for the their interview for two vacancies for same
given graph is _______. (rounded upto post. The probability of husband getting
one decimal place) 1
selected is while the probability of
f ( x) 5
1
wife getting selected is . Then the
7
k probability that anyone of them getting
selected is _______. (rounded upto three
x
decimal places)
0 2 3 5 1
∞

3
Q.41 The value of e − y y 2 dy is
ln( x 2 − 4 x + 8) 0
Q.37 The value of lim is
x →∞ ln( x12 + x 6 + 6) 1 1
(A) π (B) π
_______. (rounded upto three decimal 2 3
places) π
(C) (D) 3 π
 1 1  2
 2 2 4 Q.42 The value of the following definite
 
 −7
2 −2  , then ' A ' is an
π
Q.38 If A = 2
 2  sin 2 x
β α 
integral  1 + cos x dx is,
 4
−π
2
 2 2
(A) –2 ln2 (B) 2
orthogonal matrix for [MSQ]
8 (C) 0 (D) (ln 2) 2
(A) α = 1 (B) β = π
9
 1 − tan x 
4

(C) α =
1
(D) β =
27 Q.43   1 + tan x  dx evaluates to
9 8 0

Q.39 Person on a trip has a choice between (A) 0 (B) 1

private car and public transport. The 1
(C) ln 2 (D) ln 2
probability of using a private car is 0.45. 2
 11.6 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.44 Let X and Y be two independent random I. Matrix product [ F ]T [C ]T [ B][C ][ F ]
variables. Which one of the relations is a scalar.
between expectation (E), variance (Var)
II. Matrix product [ D]T [ F ][ D] is
and covariance (Cov) given below is
always symmetric.
False?
With reference to above statements,
(A) E ( XY ) = E ( X ) E (Y )
which of the following applies?
(B) Cov( X , Y ) = 0 (A) Statement I is true but II is false.
(C) Var( X + Y ) = Var( X ) + Var(Y ) (B) Statement I is false but II is true.
(C) Both the statement are true.
(D) E ( X 2Y 2 ) = ( E ( X ) ) ( E (Y ) )
2 2

(D) Both the statements are false.

Q.45 Let A be n × n real matrix such that 1 1 a b
A2 = I and y be an n-dimensional Q.48 If A =   and A2024 = then
0 i  c d
vector.
a + d is _______. (rounded upto one
Then the linear system of equations
decimal place)
Ax = y has
dx
(A) no solution Q.49 The integral I =  is
6 x 36 x 2 − 36
(B) a unique solution
f ( x) then value of f ( 2) if f (1) = 0
(C) more than one but finitely many
is _______.
independent solutions
Q.50 For two independent events A, B;
(D) infinitely many independent
solutions. 3 1
P( B) = , P( A ∪ BC ) =
4 2
Q.46 Px ( x) = Me−2| x | + Ne−3| x | is the probability
then P( A) is _______.
density function for the real random
sec 2 x
variable X over the entire x axis. M and
N are both positive real numbers. The
 f (t ) dt
Q.51 I = limπ 2
at f (2) = π is
equation relating M and N is x→ 2 π2 
4
x − 
2  16 
(A) M + N =1
3 _______.
1 Q.52 For events A, B and C
(B) 2M + N = 1
3 P (exactly one of A or B) = P (Exactly
(C) M + N = 1 one of B or C) = P (Exactly one of C or
(D) M + N = 3 1 1
A) = ; P (all events) = ; P (at least
Q.47 Real matrices [ A]3×1 , [ B]3×3 , [C ]3×5 , 4 16
one event) is _______.
[ D ]5×3 , [ E ]5×5 and [ F ]5×1 are given.
Q.53 In the matrix equation PX = Q which
Matrices [B] and [E] are symmetric. of the following is a necessary condition
Following statements are made with for the existence of at least one solution
respect to these matrices. for the unknown vector X
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.7

(A) Augmented matrix [ P : Q ] must Q.58 A real n × n matrix A = [aij ] is defined

have the same rank as matrix P. as follows :
(B) Vector Q must have only non-zero aij = i ; if i = j
elements.
= 0 ; otherwise
(C) Matrix P must be singular.
The summation of all elements of A is
(D) Matrix P must be square.
Q.54 Consider a 3 × 3 real symmetric matrix (n +1) (n −1)
S such that two of its Eigen values are (A) n (B) n
2 2
a ≠ 0 , b ≠ 0 with respective Eigen
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
 x1   y1  (C) (D) n2
    6
vectors  x2  ,  y2  .
Q.59 Given that X is a random variable in the
 x3   y3  range [0, ∞) with a probability density
If a ≠ b then x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 equals −x
e3
(A) a (B) b function , the value of the constant G
G
(C) ab (D) 0 is _______.
 2 1 1 Q.60 Given a real-valued continuous function
Q.55 Consider the matrix A =  2 3 4  f ( y) defined over [0,1],
 
 −1 −1 −2  1 y
y 0
lim f ( x ) dx
y →0
whose Eigen values are 1, −1 and 3.
The trace of ( A 3 − 3 A 2 ) is _______. (A) ∞ (B) 0
(C) f (1) (D) f (0)
Q.56 A box has a 8 red balls and 8 green balls.
Two balls are drawn randomly in
succession from the box without
replacement. The probability that the
first ball drawn is red and the second ball
drawn is green is
4 7
(A) (B)
15 16
1 8
(C) (D)
2 15
Q.57 If each element of a matrix is either 0 or
1 then the number of such different n × n
symmetric matrix will be possible for
[MSQ]
(A) 210 for n = 4 (B) 2 6 for n = 3
(C) 236 for n = 8 (D) 221 for n = 6
 11.8 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

Answers Engineering Mathematics

1. A 2. B 3. C, D 4. D 5. 3
6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. 323
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. –4
16. 8 17. A, B, C 18. A 19. 8 20. D
21. 0.52 22. D 23. 3.99 24. 0.5 25. 92928
26. A 27. 1 28. 0.197 29. 0 30. 4
31. –1 32. A, C 33. B, D 34. B, C, D 35. B, C, D
36. 2.5 37. 0.167 38. A, D 39. A 40. 0.314
41. B 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B
46. A 47. A 48. 2 49. 0.021 50. 0.33
51. 8 52. 0.44 53. A 54. D 55. –6
56. A 57. A,B,C,D 58. A 59. 3 60. D

Explanations Engineering Mathematics

1. (A) Then, Q 2 = Q.Q = ( PAPT )( PAPT )

Given : Q = PAPT = PA( PT P) APT

= PA( I ) APT
and X = PT Q 2005 P
Q 2 = PA2 PT
 3 1 
  1 1 Similarly, we can prove Q 3 = PA3 PT
where P =  2 2  and
A= 
 −1 3  0 1 2×2 Q 2005 = PA2005 PT
 
 2 2  2×2 1 1
Similarly, A =
 3 −1  0 1
 
2 2  1 1 1 1 1 2 
PT =  Thus, A2 = A. A =   = 
 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 
 
 2 2  2×2  1 3
Similarly, A3 =  
 3 −1   3 1   0 1
  
PT P =  2 2  2 2  1 2005
So, A2005 = 
 1 3   −1 3 0 1 
  
 2 2  2 2  Q 2005 = PA2005 PT
1 0  So, X = PT Q 2005 P = PT PA2005 PT P
=  =1
0 1  1 2005
= IA2005 I = A2005 = 
1 
T
Thus, P P = I
0
We begin our analysis with Q = PAPT Hence, the correct option is (A).
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.9

2. (B) = NM
≠ MN hence NOT correct
Given : Augmented matrix
(D) Standard result is
C = [ A : B] adj ( MN ) = [ (adjN )(adjM )]
1 1 1 : 2  ≠ (adjM )(adjN )

C = 2 3 2 : 5  Hence, the correct options are (C) and (D).
 2 3 (a 2 − 1) : a + 1 4. (D)
R3 → R3 − R2 ,
Given : P = [aij ]3×3 , bij = 2i + j aij , Q = [bij ]3×3
1 1 1 : 2 
  a11 a12 a13 
C = 2 3 5 
P =  a21 a23 
2 :
a22
 0 0 (a 2 − 3) : a − 4 
 a31 a32 a33 
From option (A), a = 4
 b11 b12 b13 
1 1 1 : 2 
Q = b21 b22 b23 
C =  2 3 2 : 5 
b31 b32 b33 
 0 0 13 : 0 
 4a11 8a12 16a13 
P( A) = P( A : B) = 3 Unique solution
Q =  8a21 16a22 32a23 
From option (B), a = 3 16a31 32a32 64a33 
1 1 1 : 2  4a11 8a12 16a13
 
C = 2 3 2 : 5  Determinant of Q = 8a21 16a22 32a23
0 0 0 : 3 − 4  16a31 32a32 64a33

P( A) = 2, P( A : B) = 3 a11 a12 a13
P( A) ≠ P( A : B) = 4 × 8 ×16 2a21 2a22 2a23
4a31 4a32 4a33
Inconsistent at a = 3
a11 a12 a13
Hence, the correct option is (B).
= 4 × 8 ×16 × 2 × 4 a21 a22 a23
3. (C), (D)
a31 a32 a33
Given : 3 × 3 matrices M and N
= 22.23.24.21.22.21 = 213
Checking from options :
Hence, the correct option is (D).
(A) ( N T MN )T = N T M T N is symmetric if M
5. 3
is symmetric and skew-symmetric if M
is skew-symmetric. Given : X 2 , X 3 are linearly independent of X 1
(B) ( MN − NM )T = ( MN )T − ( NM )T X 4 is linearly dependent of X 1 , X 2 , X 3
= NM − MN Number of linearly independent vectors = 3
= −(MN − NM ) Rank of matrix = Number of linearly
Skew symmetric independent vectors = 3
(C) ( MN )T = N T M T Hence, the correct answer is 3.
 11.10 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

6. (D) 8. (A)

a 0 0 0 (1 + 3 p) (1 − p)  1− 2 p 
0 Given : , and   are the
a 0 0  3 4  2 
Given : A = 
0 0 a 0 probabilities of three events, we must have
 
0 0 0 a
0≤
1+ 3 p
≤ 1, 0 ≤
1− p
≤ 1 and 0 ≤
1− 2 p
≤1
Characteristic equation is A − λI = 0 3 4 2
(a − λ) 0 0 0 −1 ≤ 3 p ≤ 2, − 3 ≤ p ≤ 1 and − 1 ≤ 2 p ≤ 1
0 (a − λ) 0 0 1 2 1 1
=0 − ≤ p ≤ ,− 3 ≤ p ≤ 1 and − ≤ p ≤
0 0 (a − λ) 0 3 3 2 2
0 0 0 (a − λ) 1+ 3 p 1− p 1− 2 p
Also as , and are the
3 4 2
( a − λ )  ( a − λ )(a − λ ) 2  = 0
probabilities of three mutually exclusive events
(a − λ) 4 = 0 1+ 3 p 1− p 1− 2 p
0≤ + + ≤1
a 4 − 4aλ3 + 6a 2λ 2 − 4a3λ + λ 4 = 0 3 4 2
4
0 ≤ 4 + 12 p + 3 − 3 p + 6 − 12 p ≤ 1
 (−1) .
k =0
k 4
Ck . a 4 − k . λ k = 0
1 13
Hence, the correct option is (D). ≤ p≤
3 3
7. (B) Thus, the required value of p are such that
3 −1  1 2  1 1 1  2 1 13 
Given : A =   , B=  Max − , −3, − ,  ≤ p ≤ Min  ,1, , 
5 6   −1 5   3 2 3 3 2 3 
We have, 1 1
λ1 + λ 2 = trace of A = 9 ≤ p≤
3 2
λ1λ 2 = A = 18 + 5 = 23 Hence, the correct option is (A).
1 1 9 9. (B)
+ =
λ1 λ 2 23
Given : Let E1 , E2 denote the events that the
Again, μ1 + μ2 = 6, μ1 μ2 = B = 7
coin shows a head, tail and A be the event that
1 1 6
+ = the noted number is either 7 or 8.
μ1 μ 2 7
1 1
9 6 201 We have, P( E1 ) = and P( E2 ) =
Sum of the roots = + = 2 2
23 7 7 × 23
Now, 7 → {(1,6),(6,1),(2,5),(5, 2),(3, 4),(4,3)}
54
Product of the roots =
7 × 23 and 8 → {(2,6),(6, 2),(3,5),(5,3),(4, 4)}
Required equation is,
201 54 11 1
x2 − x+ =0 Thus, P( A / E1 ) = , P( A / E2 ) =
7 × 23 7 × 23 36 11
161x 2 − 201x + 54 = 0 Hence, the required probability,
Hence, the correct option is (B). P( A) = P( E1 ) P( A / E1 ) + P( E2 ) P( A / E2 )
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.11

 1  11   1  2  193 12. (B)

=    +    =
 2  36   2  11  792 x + 2sin x
= 0.244 Given : lim
Hence, the correct option is (B).
x →0
x 2 + 2sin x + 1 − sin 2 x − x + 1
10. 323 ( x + 2sin x)( x 2 + 2sin x + 1 + sin 2 x − x + 1)
lim
Given : Mean number of defectives = 2 = np
x →0 x 2 + 2sin x + 1 − sin 2 x + x − 1
n = 20 ( x + 2sin x)(2) 0 
lim 2 2  form 
The probability of a defective part is, x →0 x + 2sin x − sin x + x 0 
p = 2 / 20 = 0.1 Using L’ Hospital rule,
And the probability of a non-defective part = 0.9 (1 + 2 cos x) × 2 2×3
The probability of at least three defectives in a lim = =2
x →0 2 x + 2 cos x − 2sin x cos x + 1 (2 + 1)
sample of 20.
= 1 – (Probability that either none, or Hence, the correct option is (B).
one, or two are non-defective 13. (C)
parts)
Given : The equation x 2 + bx + c = 0 has roots
= 1 −  20 C0 (0.9)20 + 20 C1 (0.1)(0.9)19
α and β
+ 20C2 (0.1)2 (0.9)18  α + β = −b
18
= 1 − (0.9 × 4.51) = 0.323 αβ = c
Thus, the number of samples having at least So, x 2 + bx + c = ( x − α)( x − β)
three defective parts out of 1000 samples
= 1000 × 0.323 = 323 1 − cos( x 2 + bx + c)
lim
Hence, the correct answer is 323. x →α ( x − α) 2
11. (A)  x 2 + bx + c 
2sin 2  
 2 
1+ 1+ y4 − 2 = lim 2
Given : lim x →α ( x − α)
y →0 y4
 ( x − α )( x − β) 
1+ 1+ y4 − 2 2sin 2  
= lim  2
= lim
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 
y →0
x →α ( x − α)2
  2
  ( x − α)( x − β)  
= lim
( 1 + y4 −1 )( 1+ y4 +1 )  sin 
= 2 lim  
2   1
 × ( x − β) 2
y →0

 
(
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2  1 + y 4 + 1 ) x →α

 2
1
( x − α)( x − β)  4

4
1+ y −1 2 1
= lim = (α − β)2 = (α + β) 2 − 4αβ
y →0

 
(
y 4  1 + 1 + y 4 + 2  1 + y 4 + 1 ) 4
1
2

1 1 = (−b)2 − 4 × c 
= lim = 2
y →0  4 
 1+ 1+ y + 2  1+ y +1
 
(
4 4 2
) =
b 2 − 4c
2
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Hence, the correct option is (C).
 11.12 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

14. (D) b a a b
x(1 + a − b) + x3  −  + x5  − 
Checking from options : lim  3! 2!   4! 5!  = 1
3
x →0 x
Option (A) : f ( x ) = cos ( x ) + x = cos x + x
1+ a − b  b a 
lim + −  =1
is not-differentiable at x = 0 as x is non- x →0 x2  3! 2! 
differentiable at x = 0 . By comparing, 1 + a − b = 0 …(i)
Option (B) : b a
and − =1 …(ii)
Similarly, f ( x ) = cos ( x ) − x = cos x − x is 3! 2!
Solving equations (i) and (ii),
non-differentiable at x = 0 . −5 −3
a = ,b =
Option (C) : 2 2
 − sin x − x, x < 0 a + b = −4
f ( x) = sin x + x =  Hence, the correct answer is – 4.
+ sin x + x, x ≥ 0
16. 8
 − cos x − 1, x < 0
f '( x) =  sec 2 x
+ cos x + 1, x > 0
f '(0− ) = −2, f '(0+ ) = 2
 f (t ) dt
Given : I = lim 2

Hence, f ( x) is not differential at x = 0 . π

x→  2 π2 
x − 
4

Option (D) :  16 
− sin x + x, x < 0 The given limit can be solved by Leibnitz Rule,
f ( x) = sin x − x =  sec2 x
+ sin x − x, x ≥ 0
 f (t ) dt
0
− cos x + 1, x < 0 I = lim 2
= form
f '( x) =  π
 2 π  2
0
+ cos x − 1, x > 0
x→
4
x − 
 16 
f '(0− ) = f '(0+ ) = 0
d  
sec2 x
Therefore, f is differentiable at x = 0 .
  f (t ) dt 
Hence, the correct option is (D). dx  2  0
I = lim  =
15. –4 x→
π
d  2 π  2
0
4
x − 
x(1 + a cos x) − b sin x dx  16 
Given : lim =1
x →0 x3 2sec 2 x tan x × f (sec 2 x)
= lim
x + ax cos x − b sin x π 2x
lim =1 x→
4
x →0 x3
π π  π
 x2 x4  sec2
tan × f  sec2 
x + ax 1 − + +   4 4  4
= lim
 2! 4!  x→
π π
4
 x3 x5  4
− b  x − + +
3! 5! π π  π
lim   =1 sec2 tan × f  sec2 
x →0 x 3 4 4  4
= lim
ax ax5
3
bx3 bx5 x→
π π
x + ax − +  − bx + − 4
4
lim 2! 4! 3! 5! = 1
x →0 x3 Hence, the correct answer is 8.
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.13

17. (A), (B), (C)

For differentiability,
 k
 0; x=0  ; 0≤ x≤3
1 f '( x) =  2 x + 1
 − x; 1
0< x<  m; 3< x ≤5
2 2 
 1 1 f '(3+ ) = f '(3− )
Given : f ( x) =  x=
 2 2 k
3 1 m= …(ii)
4
2 − x; 2
< x <1
 From equation (i) and (ii),
 1: x =1 2 8
m = and k =
For continuity, 5 5
f ( x− ) = f ( x+ ) = f (0) Hence, the correct option is (A).
Lets check the point 19. 8
At x = 0,
Given : f ( x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x
f (0) ≠ f (0+ )
Since, the function is smooth curve
1
0≠ So, x∈R
2
For maxima and minima f '( x) = 0
So, discontinuous at x = 0
1 f '( x) = 4sin 3 x ⋅ cos x + 4 cos3 x (− sin x)
At x = ,
2 = 4sin x cos x (sin 2 x − cos 2 x)
 1   1  1 = −2(2sin x cos x) (cos 2 x − sin 2 x)
f  − = f  + = f  
2  2  2 = −2(sin 2 x) (cos 2 x)
1 1 = − sin 4x
0≠ =
2 2 - sin 4 x [0, 2p]
1
So, discontinuous at x =
2
At x = 1, p
p
2
f (1− ) = f (1+ ) = f (1)
1
≠1
2
So, discontinuous at x = 1
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) and (C). f '( x) = − sin 4 x = 0
18. (A) sin 4 x = 0
4x = nπ
k x + 1; 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 nπ
Given : f ( x) =  x=
 mx + 2; 3 < x ≤ 5 4
For differentiable at x = 3 Total 8 points of maxima and minima occur
So, f (3− ) = f (3+ ) = f (3) between [0, 2π].
2k = 3m + 2 …(i) Hence, the correct answer is 8.
 11.14 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

20. (D) 22. (D)

40 1 Miss A : P (2 balls same color)
Given : p = = and n = 10
600 15 = P(2 Red) + P(2 White)
1 2
So, λ = np = ×10 =
3
C2 + nC2 1  n n! 
P (Miss A) = =  Cr =
r !(n − r )!
15 3 n +3
r C2 2 
−2/3  2 
e ×   n 2 − 7n + 6 = 0
e −λ λ r 3
P(r ) = = n = 1, 6
r! r!
2
0
 3 3   n n 
e −2/3 ×   P (Miss B) =  × + ×
 3  = e−2/3 = 0.51  n + 3 n + 3   n + 3 n + 3 

P (0) =
0! 5
Hence, the correct option is (D). =
8
21. 0.52 2
n − 10 n + 9 = 0
1 n = 9,1
Fair → Coin → {H, T} → = P( H )
2 In both cases, common value of n = 1
Biased → Dice → {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} →
Therefore, the possible of value of n is 1
1
= P(6) Hence, the correct option is (D).
6
1 1 1 23. 3.99
Prob (H and 6) = P( H ) ⋅ P(6) = × =
2 6 12 Given : Gaussian random variable function is
1 1  x −μ 
2

P(W ) = 1 − 
σ 

12 f ( x) = e 2
1 11 σ 2π
P( L) = 1 − = Mean μ = 0
12 12
Now, P (winning at A) Variance σ 2 = 1
= P(WA ) + P( LA ) × P( LB ) × P(WA ) ∞

+ P( LA ) × P( LB ) × P( LA ) So, E ( 5 x ) =  5x
−∞
f ( x)dx
× P( LB ) × P(WA ) + .........∞ 2
∞
1 − x2
 5x
2 4
1  11  1  11  1 = e dx
= +   × +   × + .......∞ −∞ 2π
12  12  12  12  12
2
∞ x
1   11   11 
2 4
 2 −

= 1 +   +   + .......∞  = × 5 xe 2 dx
12   12   12  2π

0
2
x ∞
 a  10 − 10
It is in G.P series  S∞ =
 1− r 
 = 
2π 0
e 2 .xdx =
2π
= 3.99

  Hence, the correct answer is 3.99.

1  1 
∴ P(Winning of A) =   ≈ 0.52 24. 0.5
12 1 − 121 
 144  P( A ∩ B)
Given : P( A / B) =
Hence, the correct answer is 0.52. P( B)
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.15
P (1.5 < x ≤ 2.5 | x > 1) 26. (A)
P ( (1.5 < x ≤ 2.5) ∩ ( x > 1) ) 3
=  1
P ( x > 1) Given : I =  e3 x  log x +  dx
1  x
P(1.5 < x ≤ 2.5) Let 3x = t
or
P( x > 1) dt
dx =
3
On substituting,
1 1.5 2.5 9
  t  3  dt
I =  et  log   +  …(i)
3  3 t  3
Intersection region t
f (t ) = log  
P(1.5 < x ≤ 2.5)  3
=
1 − P( x ≤ 1) 3 1
If f '(t ) = ×
2 2.5 t 3
1  3− x 
 2 dx +  
9
 dx I =  et [ f (t ) + 3 f '(t )] dt …(ii)
3 
= 1.5 2
1 3
x
1 −  dx We know,
0
2
e
x
f ( x ) + f '( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) + C …(iii)
1 1
+ 
9
1  t 
=4 8= = [e f (t )] = et log   
t 9
3
1 2   3 3
1−
4
= e9 log 3 − e3 log1 = e9 log 3
Hence, the correct answer is 0.5. Hence, the correct option is (A).
25. 92928 27. 1
1 2 −3 1 2 3 2 
Given : A = 0 4 5  Given : A =  2 3 5 1 
   
0 0 6  1 3 4 5  3×4
Eigen value of a upper triangular matrix is equal On performing transformations,
to the principal diagonal element. R2 → R2 − 2 R1 and R3 → R3 − R1 ,
So, λ( A) = 1, 4, 6 1 2 3 2 
3 2
λ( A ) = 1, 64, 216; λ( A ) = 1,16,36 A = 0 −1 −1 −3
λ( A3 + A2 + 2 A) = 1 + 1 + 2, 64 + 16 + 4 × 2, 0 1 1 3 
216 + 36 + 12 R3 → R3 + R2 ,
= 4,88, 264 1 2 3 2
 0 − 1 − 1 − 3
∴ Det ( A3 + A2 + 2 A) = 4 × 88 × 264 = 92928  
0 0 0 0 
Hence, the correct answer is 92928.
 11.16 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®
Above matrix is row echelon form we can say 30. 5
that ρ( A)3×4 = 2
Given : A 3×3 = 5
Hence, number of independent solution
= Number of row − ρ( A)3×4 B = adj (5A)

= 3− 2 =1 On taking determinant both sides,

Hence, the correct answer is 1. B = adj(5A) = 53−1 adj(A)
28. 0.197 B = 25adj(A) = 253 adj(A)
 x y  2
B = 253 × A = 56 × 52 = 58
 2 2
Given : P =  
 −1 1  ∴ 8 B 3×3 = 8 58 = 5
 2 2  Hence, the correct answer is 5.
‘x’ and ‘y’ follow binomial distribution with
31. –1
1
probability of success, p = and number of Given : On writing expansion,
3
trials, n = 3  x3   x2 
a  x − + ........  + b 1 − + .......  + cx
For P to be orthogonal, 3! 2! −1
lim  
3
  =
AAT = I
x→0 x 6
For finite limit, a = − c , b = 0
 x y  x −1 
 2 2  2 2  1 0  a +b −c + 0
=  = = = −1
 −1 1  y 1  0 1  c c
 2 2   2 2  Hence, the correct answer is – 1.

x2 y 2 −x y 32. (A), (C)

+ = 1 and + =0
2 2 2 2 Given : f ( x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 8
x2 + y 2 = 2 …(i) ∂f
p= = 2 x + 4 = 0, x = −2
and x= y …(ii) ∂x
∴ P( x = 1, y = 1) = P( x = 1) P( y = 1) ∂f
q= = 2 y = 0, y = 0
( Independent variables) ∂y
 3  1   2  2   3  1   2 2  16 Point p(−2, 0),
=  C1       C1      =
  3  3     3   3   81 ∂2 f ∂2 f ∂2 f
r= = 2; t = = 2; s = =0
Hence, the correct answer is 0.197. ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y
29. 0 rt − s 2 = 2 × 2 − 0 = 4 , i.e. r > 0
Given : ( P( X T Y )−1 PT )T = ( P × 3 × 3 × PT )T Hence, (−2, 0) is point of minimum

p−q = 2−2 = 0 f(min) = (−2)2 + 0 + 4(−2) + 8 = 4

Hence, the correct answer is 0. Hence, the correct options are (A) and (C).
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.17

33. (B), (D) Total 5 extremum points.

On finding f "( x) = 15 x 4 − 6 x 2 = 3x 2 (5 x 2 − 2)
Given : Matrix is an upper triangular matrix so,
eigen value of P are 1, − 4 and 5. f "(0) = 0
−1 x = 0 is point of inflection
(A) Then eigen value of P −1 are 1, and 
4 2 2 2  4 8
f " ±  = 3×  5× − 2  = 2   =
1  3 3 3  3 3
.
5 2
T 3 T
Both at x = ± , f ( x) has minimum value.
(B) 5P = 5 P = 125 × P 3
= 125 × Product of eigen Hence, the correct options are (B), (C) and (D).
values of ' P ' 36. 2.5
= 125 × 1× −4 × 5 = −2500 Given : Total probability = 1
(C)  P ≠ ±1 hence can’t be an Area of f ( x) = 1
orthogonal matrix 1
(1 + 5 ) × K = 1
(D) Eigen values of P are 2
12022 , (−4)2022 , 52022 = 1, 24044 , 52022 1
K=
Hence, the correct options are (B) and (D). 3
f ( x) can be written as,
34. (B), (C), (D)
 x
Given : ' P ' is non-singular.  6, 0≤ x<2
P ≠0 
 1
f ( x) =  , 2≤ x≤3
P − OI ≠ 0  3
But for eigen values, P − λI = 0  (5 − x)
 6 , 3 ≤ x < 5
No Eigen value can be zero
∞
Hence, only option (A) is correct.
Hence, the correct options are (B), (C) and (D).
Then, E ( x) =
−∞
 x f ( x) dx
2 3 5
35. (B), (C), (D) x2 x x(5 − x)
= dx +  dx +  dx
x3 0
6 2
3 3
6
Given : f ( x) =  t dt 2 3 5
 x3   x 2   5 x 2 x3  1
x2 =   +  + −  ×
g ( x)  18 0  6  2  2 3 3 6
f ( x) =  ψ (t ) dt
=
8 5 5  125 − 27 
+ + ( 25 − 9 ) − 
φ( x ) 
18 6 12  18 
f '( x) = g '( x)ψg ( x) − φ '( x)ψφ ( x)
= 2.5
f '( x) = 3x 2 ⋅ x3 − 2 x ⋅ x 2 = 3x5 − 2 x3 = 0 Hence, the correct answer is 2.5.
x3 (3x 2 − 2) = 0 37. 0.167

2 ln( x 2 − 4 x + 8)
x = 0, 0, 0, ± Given : L = lim
3 x →∞ ln( x12 + x 6 + 6)
 11.18 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

  4 8  4
ln  x 2  1 − + 2   1  
= lim   x x   2 2 4 − 2 = 0

x →∞   1 6  α
ln  x12 ⋅  1 + 6 + 12  
  x x   
2
 4 8  2 − 4 + 2α = 0
ln x 2 + ln 1 − + 2 
 x x  α =1
= lim
x →∞  1 6  Hence, the correct options are (A) and (D).
ln x12 + ln 1 + 6 + 12 
 x x  39. (A)
  4 8   Given : Probability of choosing a private car =
 ln 1 − + 2  
1+  x 2 x   0.45
2 ln x  ln x
= lim   Probability of choosing a public transport
x →∞ 12 ln x   1 6 
= 1 − 0.45 = 0.55
 ln 1 + x 6 + x12  
1 +  Among public transport,
 ln x12 
Probability of choosing a bus (public transport)
2 1 = 0.55 × 0.55
=
×1×1 = = 0.167
12 6 = 0.3
Hence, the correct answer is 0.167. Probability of choosing metro (public transport)
38. (A), (D) = 0.55 − 0.3
= 0.25
1 1 
 2 4 Hence, the correct option is (A).
2
  40. 0.314
−7
Given : A =  2 −2 
 2  1 1
 Given : P( H ) = and P(W ) =
β α  5 7
4
 2 2 Required probability P( H ∪ W )
Since, [ A] is orthogonal rows R1 , R2 , R3 and = P( H ) + P(W ) − P( H ∩ W )
columns C1 , C 2 and C3 are orthonormal. 1 1  1 1  11
= + − ×  = = 0.314
C1T ⋅ C 2 = 0 5 7  5 7  35
Hence, the correct answer is 0.314.
1
2 41. (B)
1 −7 β  
2 = 0
1
 2 2 2   
∞
Given : I =  e − y y 2 dy
3

4 0

1 Putting y 3 = t
− 7 + 2β = 0
4 Differentiating both the sides with respect to t,
27 3y 2 dy = dt
β=
8 1
1 −23 1 −21
y dy = y dt = t dt
2
Similarly, C 2T ⋅ C 3 = 0 3 3
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.19
π
∞ 1 −1
I =  e−t t 2 dt 4
 cos x − sin x 
0 3 I =   dx
 cos x + sin x 
Using the property of gamma function, 0

∞ Let cos x + sin x = t , (− sin x + cos x)dx = dt

 0
e− t t n −1dt = Γn
Changing the limits,
−1 1 x = 0  t =1
Here, n − 1 =  n=
2 2 π
x= t = 2
1 4
I = Γn
3 2
1
1 1 1
Then, I =  t dt
I= Γ = π 1
3 2 3
I = [ln t ]1 2 = ln( 2) − ln(1)
Hence, the correct option is (B).
1
42. (C)
1
I = ln 2 = ln(2) = ln 2 2

π
2
sin 2 x Hence, the correct option is (D).
Given : I =  2
π dx
−
2 1 + cos x . Method 2:
sin 2 x π
f ( x) = π/ 4 tan − tan x
1 + cos x I=  4 dx
π
sin(2 × ( − x)) 0 1 + tan × tan x
f (− x) = 4
1 + cos(− x) π/ 4
π 
sin(−2 x) − sin 2 x I =  tan  − x  dx
f (− x) = = 0 4 
1 + cos(− x) 1 + cos x π/ 4

Since, sin(−θ) = − sin θ


I=  tan x dx
 cos(− θ) = cos θ  0

I = [ log sec x ]0
π/ 4

Since, f ( x) = − f (− x)
π
Hence, it is a odd function. I = log sec − log sec 0
π
4
sin 2 x
∴ −
2
π
1 + cos x
dx = 0 1
I = log 2 − log1 = ln 2
2 2
Hence, the correct option is (C). Hence, the correct option is (D).
43. (D) 44. (D)
π For X and Y be two independent random
 1 − tan x 
4
variables.
Given : I =    dx
0
1 + tan x  (i) E ( XY ) = E ( X ) E (Y ) …(i)
. Method 1: (ii) Cov ( X , Y ) = E ( XY ) − E ( X ) E (Y )
 π sin x 
 1 − cos x 
4 = E ( X ) E (Y ) − E ( X ) E (Y )
I = dx
0  1+
sin x  [From equation (i)]
 cos x  =0
 11.20 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

(iii) Var ( X + Y ) = Var ( X ) + Var (Y ) 47. (A)

(iv) E ( X 2Y 2 ) = E ( X 2 ) E ( Y 2 ) Given :
(i) Real matrices are :
Therefore, relation in option (D) is False.
Hence, the correct option is (D). [ A]3×1 ,[ B]3×3 ,[C ]3×5 ,[ D]5×3 ,[ E ]5×5 and

45. (B) [ F ]5×1 .

(ii) Matrices [B] and [E] are symmetric.
Given : A is an n × n real matrix and A2 = I .
Statement I :
Determinant of A2 is given by,
Matrix product [ F ]T [C ]T [ B][C ][ F ] is a scalar.
A2 = I = 1
Product of [ F ]T and [C ]T is given by,
A = ±1
[ F ]1T×5 [C ]T5×3 = [ P]1×3
A ≠ 0 [Condition for unique solution]
Therefore, Ax = y is consistent and has unique Product of [ P ] and [ B] is given by,
solution given by x = A−1 y . [ P]1×3[ B]3×3 = [Q]1×3
Hence, the correct option is (B). Product of [Q] and [C ] is given by,
46. (A) [Q]1×3[C ]3×5 = [ R]1×5
Given : A probability density function is, Product of [ R ] and [ F ] is given by,
Px ( x) = Me−2| x | + Ne−3| x | [ R]1×5 [ F ]5×1 = [ S ]1×1
By the property of probability density function Since, order of product of [ F ]T [C ]T [ B][C ][ F ]
(P.D.F.), is 1× 1 i.e. scalar quantity.
∞
Hence, statement I is true.
 P ( x) dx = 1
−∞
x
Statement II :
∞ Matrix product [ D]T [ F ][ D] is always
 ( Me
−2| x | −3| x |
+ Ne ) dx = 1 symmetric.
−∞
Product of [ D]T and [ F ] is given by,
Px ( x) is even function as x is even function.
[ D]T3×5 [ F ]5×1 = [ M ]3×1
So, by the property of even function,
∞ Product of [ M ]3×1 and [ D]5×3 is not possible
2  ( Me −2 x
+ Ne −3 x
) dx = 1 since number of columns of matrix M is not
0
∞ ∞
equal to number of rows of matrix D.
 e−2 x   e−3 x  Therefore, Matrix product [ D]T [ F ][ D] is not
2M   + 2N   =1
 −2 0  −3 0 possible.
2 Hence, statement II is false.
− M (e−∞ − e0 ) − N (e− ∞ − e0 ) = 1
3 Hence, the correct option is (A).
2 48. 2
− M (0 − 1) − N (0 − 1) = 1
3
Given : Matrix A is upper triangular matrix
2
M + N =1 Eigen value of A = 1, i
3
Hence, the correct option is (A). Eigen value of A2024 = 1, A2024 = 1,1
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.21

Hence, trace A2024 = a + d = 1 + 1 = 2 sec2 x

Hence, the correct answer is 2.  f (t ) dt

0
I = lim 2
= form
49. 0.021 x→
π
 2 π  2
0
4
x − 
dx 1 dx  16 
Given : I =  = 
36 x x 2 − 1 d  
2 sec2 x
6x x −1 × 6
d 1
2 
dx 
f (t ) dt 
 0
(sec −1 x ) = I = lim =
dx x x2 −1 x→
π
d  2 π 2
 0
4
x − 
1 dx  16 
So, I= × sec−1 ( x) + C = f ( x)
36 2sec 2 x tan x × f (sec 2 x)
= lim
At x = 1 , x→
π 2x
4
sec −1 x
f (1) = +C = 0 π π  π
36 sec2 tan × f  sec2 
4 4  4
C =0 = lim
x→
π π
4
sec−1 ( x) sec−1 ( 2) 4
So, f ( x) = = f ( 2) =
36 36 π π  π
sec2
tan × f  sec2 
π/4 π 4 4  4
= = = lim
36 144 x→
π π
4
Hence, the correct answer is 0.021. 4
50. 0.33
2 f (2) 8 f (2)
= = =8
π π
Given : 4
P( A ∪ BC ) = P( A) + P( BC ) − P( A ∩ BC ) Hence, the correct answer is 8.
1 52. 0.44
= P( A) + [1 − P( B)] − P( A).P( B c )
2
Given : Sets
1  3  3
= P( A) + 1 −  − P( A) 1 −  A B
2  4  4
1 1 1
= P( A) + − P( A)
2 4 4
1 3
= P( A)
4 4 C
1 P (exactly one A or B)
P( A) = = 0.33
3 = P( A ∪ B) − P( A ∩ B)
Hence, the correct answer is 0.33. = P( A) + P( B) − 2 P( A ∩ B)
51. 8 According to question,
Given : The given Limit can be solved by 1
P( A) + P( B) − 2 P( A ∩ B) = …(i)
Leibnitz Rule 4
 11.22 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®
1 x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 = 0
P( B) + P(C ) − 2 P( B ∩ C ) = …(ii)
4 Hence, the correct option is (D).
1
P(C ) + P( A) − 2 P( A ∩ C ) = …(iii) 55. –6
4
On adding (i), (ii) and (iii)  2 1 1
 P( A) + P( B) + P(C ) − P( A ∩ B)  3 Given : A =  2 3 4 
 
2 =
 − P( B ∩ C ) − P(C ∩ A)  4  −1 −1 −2 
1 Eigen values are λ1 = 1, λ 2 = −1 and λ 3 = 3 .
Also, P( A ∩ B ∩ C ) =
16 By Cayley Hamilton theorem, every square
So, P (at least one) matrix satisfies its own characteristics equation.
P( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = ΣP( A) − ΣP( A ∩ B) The characteristic equation is given by,
+ P( A ∩ B ∩ C ) A − λI = 0
3 1 7 AI = λI  A = λ
= + =
8 16 16 The above expression shows that the values of
Hence, the correct answer is 0.44. λ can be put in any expression of the matrix A.
53. (A) For λ1 = 1 ,
Given : PX = Q Eigen value of A3 − 3 A2 is given by,
It is a non-homogenous equation. A3 − 3 A2 = 13 − 3 ×12 = − 2
So, for existence of at least one solution, the
For λ 2 = −1 ,
augmented matrix [ P : Q] must have the same
rank as matrix P. A3 − 3 A2 = (−1)3 − 3 × (−1)2 = − 4
Hence, the correct option is (A). For λ3 = 3 ,
54. (D)
A3 − 3 A2 = 33 − 3 × 32 = 0
Given : A 3 × 3 real symmetric matrix S. So, trace of matrix ( A3 − 3 A2 )
Two Eigen values and respective Eigen vector
= Sum of Eigen values
are :
= (− 2) + (− 4) + 0 = − 6
 x1 
λ1 = a ≠ 0, X 1 =  x2  Hence, the trace of ( A3 − 3 A2 ) is – 6.
 x3  56. (A)
 y1  Given : Box contains 8 Red balls and 8 Green
λ 2 = b ≠ 0, X 2 =  y2  balls.
 y3  Two balls are drawn randomly in succession
By the properties of real symmetric matrices, without replacement.
[ X 1 ]T [ X 2 ] = 0 ∴ Probability of first ball red and second
ball green is
 y1  8 8 4
[ x1 x2 x3 ]  y2  = 0 × =
16 15 15
 y3  Hence, the correct option is (A).
GATE ACADEMY® Engineering Mathematics 11.23
36 + 6
57. (A), (B), (C), (D)
For n = 6 : 2 2 = 221
a a12  Hence, the correct options are (A), (B), (C) and
Given : Matrix A2×2 =  11
 a21 a22  (D).
Since A is symmetric i.e. aij = a ji 58. (A)

So, a12 = a21 , we have three possible places Given : A matrix is defined as, A = [aij ]n×n
positions containing either 0 or 1 and it can be  i, i= j
where, aij = 
filled as, 0, Otherwise
[ a11 ] [ a21 & a12 ] [ a22 ] Thus, all the elements except diagonal are zero
(0 or1) (0 or 1) (0 or 1) and diagonal elements are given by,
a11 = 1, a22 = 2, a33 = 3,....., ann = n
2 ways × 2 ways × 2 ways = 23 ways
1 0 0 0 
So, the total number of distinct symmetric 0
matrix of order 2 × 2 with each element being 0  2 0  0 
or = 23 = 8 ways for n × n matrix A = 0 0 0 3 
 
    
n2 - n 0 0 n  n×n
0 
2
n The sum of all elements is given by the sum of
2
n -n its main diagonal elements.
2 n(n + 1)
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ….. + n) =
2
Total number of elements = n2 Hence, the correct option is (A).
Total number of elements = n 59. 3
2
n −n Given : A probability density function is as
For symmetry, total possible positives =
2 given below,
Total number of possible positions to be filled −
x
e 3
n2 − n n2 + n f ( x) = and x ∈ [0, ∞)
by either 0 or 1 = +n= G
2 2
By the property of probability density function,
So, total number of ways to fill these positions −x
with 0 or 1 ∞ ∞
e3
 f ( x) dx = 1   dx = 1
 n2 − n  G
= 2 × 2 × 2 × ......... × 2  times  −∞ 0
 2  1 −3x
∞

G 0
2
n +n e dx = 1
= ( 2) 2

16 + 4 ∞
For n = 4 : 2 2
= 210  −x 
− 3 e 3  0 = G
64 + 8
For n = 8 : 2 2
= 236 − 3(e−∞ − e0 ) = G
9+3 K =3
For n = 3 : 2 2
= 26 Hence, the value of constant G is 3.
 11.24 Paramount 1111 [CS] GATE ACADEMY®

60. (D) 0
So, f ( y) =
0
1 y
y →0 y 0
Given : f ( y ) = lim f ( x) dx 0
It is in the form of   , so applying L-
y 0
Let, g ( y ) =  f ( x)dx Hospital’s rule,
0

Differentiating g ( y) with respect to y, d

g ( y)
dy
d f ( y ) = lim
g ( y) = f ( y) …(i) y →0 d
dy ( y)
dy
g ( y)
Then, f ( y ) = lim …(ii) From equation (i),
y →0 y
f ( y)
g (0) f (y) = lim
f ( y) = y →0 1
0 f ( y ) = f (0)
where, g (0) = g ( y ) y =0 Hence, the correct option is (D).
y =0
g (0) =  f ( x)dx = 0
0

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