Scribd
Upload
23 views29 pages

1 Introduction To IC-Engine

An internal combustion engine converts heat energy into mechanical work and can be classified based on fuel type, stroke number, ignition method, combustion cycle, cylinder number, arrangement, and cooling method. Key components include the cylinder, piston, piston rings, connecting rod, crankshaft, valves, flywheel, and crankcase, each serving specific functions in the engine's operation. The document also compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines, highlighting differences in their operation and efficiency.

Uploaded by

aknd1432
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views29 pages

1 Introduction To IC-Engine

An internal combustion engine converts heat energy into mechanical work and can be classified based on fuel type, stroke number, ignition method, combustion cycle, cylinder number, arrangement, and cooling method. Key components include the cylinder, piston, piston rings, connecting rod, crankshaft, valves, flywheel, and crankcase, each serving specific functions in the engine's operation. The document also compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines, highlighting differences in their operation and efficiency.

Uploaded by

aknd1432
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

I.

C Engines
 An internal combustion engine is a heat engine
which converts the heat energy to mechanical
work.

Heat Mechanical
energy work
 According to type of fuel used.
 Petrol engine.
 Diesel engine.
 Gas engine.
 Bi-fuel engine.
 According to number of strokes per cycle.
 4 – stroke engines.
 2 – stroke engines.
 According to method of ignition.
 Spark ignition.
 Compression ignition.
 According to the cycle of combustion.
 Otto cycle.
 Diesel cycle.
 Duel combustion.
 According to the number of cylinders.
 Single cylinder.
 Multi cylinder.
 According to the arrangement of cylinders
 Vertical engine.
 Horizontal.
 Inline engine.
 Radial engine.
 V- engine.
 According to method of cooling
 Air cooled engine.
 Water cooled engine.
Cylinder
Piston
Piston rings
Connecting rod
Crank and crankshaft
Valves
Flywheel
crankcase
1. Cylinder
› Part of the engine
where fuel is burnt
and power is
developed.
› Inside diameter is
called as bore.
› Sleeve is fitted
tightly in the
cylinder to prevent
wearing of block.
2. Piston
› Close fitting hollow
– cylinder plunger
moving to and fro
in the cylinder.
› Function – power
developed by the
combustion of fuel
is transmitted by
piston to the crank-
shaft through the
connecting rod.
3. Piston rings
Metallic rings inserted
into groves provided at
top end of the piston.
Function – it maintains
a gas-tight joint
between the piston and
the cylinder.
4. Connecting rod
›Link that connects
the piston and
crankshaft by means
of pin joint.
›Function – it
converts the
rectilinear motion of
the piston into rotary
motion of
crankshaft.
5. Crank and crankshaft
Crank is a lever that is
connects crankshaft and
piston rod.
6. Valves
These are devices which
control the flow of intake
and exhaust gases.
7. Fly wheel
Mounted on crankshaft
to maintain uniform
rotation of crankshaft.
8. Crankcase
Enclosure for
crankshaft and sump
for lubricating oil.
 Suction stroke
 Compression stroke
 Power stroke
 Exhaust stroke
Two stroke petrol engine
 Performs two strokes to complete one working
cycle.
 Works on theoretical Otto cycle.
Parts
 Cylinder with one end
fitted with cover and
other end with a sealed
crankcase.
 Ports are provided one
below other on
circumference of the
cylinder.
 Lower one is the
admission port or inlet port
and upper port is the
exhaust port.
 Transfer port diametrically
opposite.
 Transfer port
 Function – transfer of
petrol air mixture from
crankcase to cylinder.
 Spark plug,
connecting rod,
crank.
First stroke or upward stroke
 Piston moves from
BDC to TDC.
 Air fuel mixture is
drawn in through inlet.
 Supply of petrol air
mixture is cut off in
upward motion of
piston.
 Further piston will
compress the petrol
air mixture in cylinder.
 At the end of the
stroke spark plug
ignites and
combustion takes
place.
second stroke or downward stroke

 Piston moves from


TDC to BDC.
 Piston performs the
power stroke.
 Transfer port opens
letting the fresh
charge into cylinder.
 Due to this the burnt
gases are expelled
out of the cylinder.
This process is called
as scavenging.
 Crankshaft rotates by
half the revolution.
Criteria S.I engine C.I engine
Combustion process Ignition takes place by a Self ignition of the fuel
spark generated by spark take place due to high
plug. compression of air in
chamber.
Compression ratio 1 : 11 1 : 22
Suction Mixture of petrol and air Only pure air is drawn
in calculated ratio is into cylinder during
drawn into cylinder. suction stroke.
Fuel Petrol Diesel
Thermodynamic cycle Otto cycle Diesel cycle
Weight of the engine Less because of lower High, engine size is large
compression ratio, due to higher
cylinder size is small. compression ratio.
Efficiency Low because of lower High because of high
compression ratio. compression ratio.
Speed High because of lighter Lower because of heavy
engine. engine.

You might also like