Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Topic Winter-22 Summer-22 Winter-19

Name of Topic
No.
Question Marks Question Marks Question Mark

1.(a) 2
1(e) 2
1.(a) 1(a) 2
1(g) 2 2
1(d) 1(d) 2
2(a) 4 2
1(g) 1(g) 2
3(a) 4 2
Basics of Software Testing & Testing 2(a) 2(a) 4
1 4(e) 4 4
methods 3(a) 3(a) 4
5(a) 6 4
5(a) 5(a) 6
6(a) 6 6
6(a) 6

Total 30 20 26
1(b) 2 1(b) 2
1.(b) 2 2(b) 4 2(b) 4
2.(b) 4 4(a) 4 4(a) 4
2 Types and Levels of Testing 4(c) 4 4(e) 4 4(e) 4
5.(b) 6 5(b) 6 5(b) 6
6(a) 6
Total 16 26 20
1.(c) 2 1(c) 2 1(c) 2
2(c) 4 2(c) 4 2(c) 4
3 Test management 3.(b) 4 3(b) 4 3(b) 4
4.(b) 4 4(b) 4 4(b) 4
5(b) 6 4(c) 4 4(c) 4
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

5(c) 6 6(b) 6
6(b) 6
Total 20 30 24
1.(d) 2 1(e) 2 1(e) 2
3.(c) 4 3(c) 4 3(c) 4
Defect Management 4.(a) 4 6(c) 6 6(c) 6
4
6(c) 6
Total 16 12 12
1.(e) 1(f) 2 1(f) 2
2
2.(d) 2(d) 4 2(d) 4
4
3.(d) 3(d) 4 3(d) 4
4
4(d) 4(d) 4 4(d) 4
4
5 Testing Tools and Measurements 5(c) 5(c) 6
6

Total 20 14 20
Total 102 102 102

Exam Unit No and Question no as per MSBTE paper Marks

Year Name
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Winter- Unit 1 Q1 a Define the testing terminology – i) Error ii) Fault iii) Defect iv) Bug 2
2022 Q1 e Compare verification and validation (any two points). 2
Q1 g Give the objectives of software testing. 2
Q2 a State the Entry and Exit criterias for the software testing. 4
Q3 a Differentiate between white box testing and black box testing (any four points). 4
Q4 e Write the test cases for Notepad application. (any eight test case) 4
Q5 a Design test cases for simple calculator application. (Black box testing.) (Any six points.) 6
Q6 a Write program for calculating even numbers from 1 to 20 And design test cases for the same 6
Summer- Unit 1 Q1 a Define verification and validation with respect to software testing. 2
2022 Q1 d Define following terms – i) Error. ii) Fault. iii) Bug. iv) Failure. 2
Q1 f Enlist any four skills for software tester. 2
Q2 a Describe Code Complexity testing. 4
Q3 a Differentiate between Quality Assurance and Quality Control. 4
Q5 a Design test cases for Online Mobile Recharge (Data filed are mobile number, state, email-id, recharge 6
amount.)
Winter- Unit 1 Q1 a Define static and dynamic testing. 2
2019 Q1 d Enlist objectives of software testing. 2
Q1 g Define Bug, Error, Fault and Failure. 2
Q5 a Design test cases for railway reservation system. 6
Q 6 a Design test cases for hostel admission form of your institute. 6

Winter- Unit 2 Q1 b List the levels of testing. 2

2022 Q2 b State and describe top-down approach of integration testing with diagram. 4
Q4 a Describe graphical user interface (GUI) testing and its important traits. 4
Q4 c Describe load testing and stress testing with suitable example. 4
Q5 b Design test cases for Web pages testing of any Web site (take a suitable example). 6
Summer- Unit 2 Q1 b State the process of performance testing 2
2022 Q2 b Differentiate between Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing. (any four points) 4
Q4 a Describe Unit Testing. 4
Q4 e Explain following concepts related to security testing – i) Authorization. ii) Access Control. 4
Q 5 b With respect to client-server testing design test cases for Online Payment TrSolution:fer at banking system. 6
Q 6 a With respect to GUI testing, write test cases for Flipkart login form. 6

Winter- Unit 2 Q1 b State any two examples of integration testing. 2

2019 Q1 c Enlist any two activities involved in test planning. 2
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q2 a Describe Boundary value analysis with suitable example. 4

Q2 b Differentiate between drivers and stub (any four points) 4
Q3 a Describe the use of decision table in black box testing with the help of suitable example. 4
Q4 a Differentiate between alpha and beta testing (any four points). 4
Q4 e State the testing approaches that are considered during client-server testing. 4
Q 5 b With respect to GUI testing write the test cases for Amazon login form 6

Winter- Unit 3 Q1 c State any four needs to prepare a test plan. 2

2022 Q2 C Describe the ‘Test Infrastructure’ components with diagram. 4
Q3 b State the contents of “Test Summary Reports” used in test reporting. 4
Q4 b Describe test deliverables in detail. 4
Q6 b Prepare test plan for ‘Cam Scanner’ which is installed on mobile. 6

Summer- Unit 3 Q 1 c Enlist different types of test deliverables. 2

2022 Q 2 c Describe different types of external standards. 4
Q 3 b Explain test management with Test Infrastructure Management and Test People Management. 4
Q4 b Explain test reporting with executing test cases and preparing test summary report. 4
Q4 c Explain test case specification. 4
Q6 b Prepare a test plan along with test cases for creating a saving account at bank. (Test cases should be 6
atleast six).
Winter- Unit 3 Q1 c Enlist any two activities involved in test planning. 4
2019 Q2 c State the contents of ‘Test Summary Reports’ used in test reporting. 4
Q4 b Describe test infrastructure management. 4
Q4 c Describe the process of preparing summary report in test planning. 6
Q6 b Design a test plan along with the test cases for edit function in notepad.
Winter- Unit 4 Q1 d Give the defect classification and its meaning. 2
2022 Q3 c Prepare defect report after executing test cases for any login form. 4
Q4 c Describe load testing and stress testing with suitable examples. 4
Q6 c Prepare defect report after executing test cases for withdrawn of amount from ATM machine. 6

Summer- Unit 4 Q1e State any four defect reporting guidelines. 2

2022 Q3 c Draw defect prevention process cycle. State working of each phase. 4
Q6 c Design any four test cases for withdraw an amount from ATM and prepare defeat report of it. 6
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Winter- Unit 4 Q 1 e Define Defect. 2

2019 Q 3 c Enlist different techniques for finding defects and describe any one technique with an example. 4
Q 6 c Draw a diagram for defect life cycle and write example for defect template. 6

Winter- Unit 5 Q1 f State the need of automated testing tools. 2

2022 Q2 d State the limitations of manual testing. 4
Q3 d Enlist the factors considered for selecting a testing tool for test automation. 4
Q4 d State the advantages and disadvantages of using tools. 4
Q5 c Design test cases for MS Word application using an Automation tool. 6
Summer- Unit 5 Q1 f Enlist any four testing tools. 2
2022 Q2 d Describe different factors for selecting testing tools. 4
Q3 d State any eight limitations of Manual Testing. 4
Q4 d Describe need for Automated Testing tools. 4
Q5 c Elaborate the concept of Software Metrics? Describe Base Metrics and calculated metrics with suitable 6
example.
Winter- Unit 5 Q1 e State any of the four advantages of using tools. 2
2019 Q2 d State any eight limitations of manual testing 4
Q 3 d Enlist factors considered for selecting a testing tool for test automation. 4
Q 4d Describe object-oriented metrics in testing. 4
Q 5c Elaborate the term metrics and measurement and write the need of software measurement. 6
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Exam Unit Question no as per MSBTE paper Marking

Year No Scheme
and
Nam
e
Winter- Unit 1 Q1 a Define the testing terminology – i) Error ii) Fault iii) Defect iv) Bug ½ mark
2022 Solution: for each
definition
Error: An error is a human action that produces the incorrect result.
Fault: State of software caused by an error.
Defect: A defect is an error or a bug in the application which is created. A programmer while designing and building the
software can make mistakes or errors. These mistakes or errors mean that there are flaws in thesoftware. These are called
defects.
Bug: The presence of error at the time of execution of the software.

Q1 e Compare verification and validation (any two points). 1 mark

Solution: for each
point
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q1 g Give the objectives of software testing. ½ mark

Solution: for each
Finding Errors:Testing is process of executing a program with an intention of finding an error. objective

Creating good test cases: A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding yet undiscovered error.

Quality Improvement : Defects are fixed by the developer, so quality is improved.

Satisfying customer requirements: Testing demonstrates to the customer that software works properly as per specification.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q2 a State the Entry and Exit criteria for the software testing. 2 mark
Solution: for entry
criteria
Entry criteria 2 mark
for exit
Entry criteria are the condition or the set of conditions, which should exist or bemetto start a process. criteria
Let's see some of the conditions or situations which may be seen as an entrycriterion for the
initiation of testing activities.
o Requirements should be clearly defined and approved.

o Test Design and documentation plan is ready.

o Availability of the test environment supporting necessary hardware, software, network configuration, settings
and tools for the purpose of test execution.

o Testers are trained and necessary resources are available.

o Availability of proper and adequate test data(like test cases).

o It depends upon which software development model is used.

Exit criteria

• Exit Criteria is often viewed as a single document concluding the end of a life cyclephase.

• Let's see some of the conditions or situations which may be seen as an exitcriterion for
testing activities.

• Testing Deadline
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• Completion of test case execution.

• Completion of Functional and code coverage to a certain point.

• Bug rates fall below certain level and no high priority bugs are identified.

• Management decision.

Q3 a Differentiate between white box testing and black box testing (any four points). 1 mark
Solution: for each
point
White box testing Black Box Testing

The tester needs to have the knowledge ofinternal This technique is used to test the softwarewithout the
code or program. knowledge of internal code or
program

It aims at testing the structure of the itembeing It aims at testing the functionality of thesoftware
tested.

It is also called structural testing, clear box It also knowns as data driven, closed boxtesting, data-,
testing, code-based testing, or glass boxtesting. and functional testing.

Testing is best suited for a lower level of testing like Unit This type of testing is ideal for higher levelsof testing like
Testing or Integration testing. System Testing, Acceptance testing.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Statement Coverage, Branch coverage, and Equivalence partitioning, Boundary valueanalysis are
Path coverage are White Box testing Black Box testing technique
techniques.
Can be based on detailed design documents. Can be based on Requirement specification
document

Q4 e Write the test cases for Notepad application. (any eight-test case) ½ marks
for each
Solution: test case
Examination Paper Analysis and Solution
Examination Paper Analysis and Solution
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q5 a Design test cases for simple calculator application. (Black box testing.) (Any six points.) 1 mark
for each
Solution: test
cases
Sr No Test case Actual Input Expected Actual output status
Name output
TC-1 Addition 100+1000 It should It is displaying pass
display addition =1100
addition=1100
TC-2 Subtraction 1000-100 It should It is displaying pass
display subtraction
subtraction =900
=900
TC-3 Multiplication It should It is displaying pass
10*100 display multiplication
multiplication =1000
=1000
TC-4 Division 100/10 It should It is displaying pass
display division division =10
=10
TC-5 Addition 20.5+20.5 It should It is displaying Pass
display addition=41
addition=41
TC-6 Division 1/0 It should It is displaying Pass
display message
message “Cannot be
“Cannot be divided by zero”
divided by zero”

Q6 a Write program for calculating even numbers from 1 to 20 And design test cases for the same. 2 marks
for
Solution: program
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

4 marks
Program: for test
#include <stdio.h> cases
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
Int I;
For(I=1 ;I<=20;i++)
{
If (I%2==0)
{
Printf(“Number is even”);
}
else
{
Printf(“Number is odd”);
}
}
getch();
}

Sr No Test case Actual Input Expected Actual output status

Name output
TC-1 Even Number 2 It should It is displaying pass
display “Number is
“Number is even”
even”
TC-2 Odd Number 7 It should It is displaying pass
display “Number is
“Number is Odd”
odd”
TC-3 Odd Number 1 It should It is displaying pass
display “Number is
Odd”
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

“Number is
odd”
TC-4 Even Number 20 It should It is displaying pass
display “Number is
“Number is even”
even”

Summer Unit 1 1mark

-2022 Q1 a Define verification and validation with respect to software testing. for each
definition
Solution:

Verification is a process of confirming whether the software meets its specifications.

Verification is usually performed by static testing or inspecting without execution on a computer.
Verification is a “human” examination or review of the work product.

Validation is a process of confirming whether the software meets user requirements.

Validation is the process of executing a product to expose its defects.
Validation is performed by dynamic testing or testing with execution on a computer.

Q1 d Define following terms – i) Error. ii) Fault. iii) Bug. iv) Failure.
Solution: ½ mark
Error: An error is a human action that produces the incorrect result. for each
definition
Fault: State of software caused by an error.
Bug: The presence of error at the time of execution of the software.

Failure: Deviation of the software from its expected result.

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q1 f Enlist any four skills for software tester.

Solution: ½ mark
for each
1)Analytics skills skill
2)Communication skills
3)Knowledge of test management tools
4) Negotiation skills

Q2 a Describe Code Complexity testing.

Solution:
Any valid
explanati
Code complexity is the extent to which a software program or system is challenging to understand, maintain, and modify. on
It measures how hard it is to understand a program's logic, structure, and organization and how much effort is required to 2marks
make changes.
Code complexity can arise from many factors, including the size of the codebase, the number of modules and dependencies,
the depth of nesting and inheritance, and the use of complex algorithms and data structures.

For Code Complexity Testing following method is used:

Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to measure the complexity of a program.

1.These metrics measure independent paths through program source code.
2.Cyclomatic complexity can be calculated with respect to functions, modules, methods, or classes within a program.
3.This metric was developed by Thomas J. McCabe in 1976 and it is based on a control flow representation of the
program.
4.Control flow depicts a program as a graph which consists of Nodes and Edges.
5.A program is represented in the form of a flow graph.
6.Flow graph node , represents one or more procedural statements.
(A sequence of process boxes and a decision diamond can map into a single node)
7.The arrows on the flow graph, called edges or links, represent flow of control and are analogous to flowchart arrows.
8.Areas bounded by edges and nodes are called regions.
9.Each node that contains a condition is called a predicate node and is characterized by two or more edges emanating from
it.
10.When compound conditions are encountered in a procedural design, the generation of a flow graph becomes slightly more
complicated.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

11. A compound condition occurs when one or more Boolean operators (logical OR, AND, NAND, NOR) is present in a
conditional statement.

Example:

IF A = =10 THEN
IF B > C THEN
A=B
ELSE
A=C
ENDIF
ENDIF
Print A
Print B
Print C

Draw Flowgraph for above pseudocode.

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

2 Find Independent Paths

1. Path 1 : 1-6-7
2. Path 2: 1-2-3-5-6-7 1 mark
3. Path 3 : 1-2-4-5-6-7 for each
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

valid
3. Calculate Cyclomatic Complexity point

1.No of Regions: 3
2.V(G)=E-N+2 =8-7+2=3
3.V(G) =No of predicate Node +1 =2+1=3

Q3 a Differentiate between Quality Assurance and Quality Control.

Solution:
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q5 a Design test cases for Online Mobile Recharge (Data filed are mobile number, state, email-id, recharge amount.) 1 mark
Solution: for each
correct
test
cases
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Sr No Test case Actual Input Expected Actual output status

Name output
TC-1 Mobile Number Enter Mobile It should It is accepting pass
number=9987749956 accept mobile Mobile number
number
TC-2 Mobile Number Enter Mobile It should It is displaying pass
number=998774995 display message “enter
message “enter valid Mobile
valid mobile number”.
number “.
TC-3 State It should select It is selecting pass
Go to state dropdown Maharashtra Maharashtra
and select state= ” state. state.
Maharashtra”
TC-4 State Go to state dropdown It should show It is showing all pass
and Type M all states the states
starting with M. starting with M
TC-5 Email Id Enter Email It should accept It is accepting Pass
id=”[email protected]” email id email id
TC-6 Email Id Enter Email It should It is displaying Pass
id=”abc.xyz@” display message enter
message enter valid email id
valid email id
TC-7 Recharge Enter Recharge amount It should accept It is accepting pass
amount =100 recharge recharge
amount amount.
TC-8 Recharge Enter Recharge amount It should It is displaying pass
amount = -100 display message “don’t
message “don’t enter negative
enter negative amount”
amount”
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Winter- Unit 1 Q1 a Define static and dynamic testing. 1 mark

2019 Solution: for each
definition
Static Testing: Testing which is done without an executing program is called static testing.

Dynamic Testing: Testing which is done without executing code is called dynamic testing.

Q1 d Enlist objectives of software testing.

Solution:
½ mark
Finding Errors:Testing is the process of executing a program with the intention of finding an error. for each
objective
Creating good test cases: A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding yet undiscovered error.

Quality Improvement : Defects are fixed by the developer, so quality is improved.

Satisfying customer requirements: Testing demonstrates to the customer that software works properly as per specification.

Q1 g Define Bug, Error, Fault and Failure.

Solution:
½ mark
Bug: The presence of error at the time of execution of the software. for each
Definition
Error: An error is a human action that produces the incorrect result.
Fault: State of software caused by an error.
Failure: Deviation of the software from its expected result.

Q2 a Describe Boundary value analysis with suitable example.

Solution:
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• Most of the defects in software products hover around conditions and boundaries. 2 marks
• Boundary value analysis is another black box test design technique, and it is used to find the errors at boundaries of for
input domain rather than finding those errors in the center of input. explanati
• Each boundary has a valid boundary value and an invalid boundary value. on and 2
• Test cases are designed based on both valid and invalid boundary values. Typically, we choose one test case from marks for
each boundary. example

• The basic idea in boundary value testing is to select input variable values at their:
1. Minimum
2. Just below the minimum
3. Just above the minimum
4. Just below the maximum
5. Maximum
6. Just above the maximum

Example: Input Box should accept the Number 1 to 10

Here we will see the Boundary Value Test Cases
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

2 marks
for
explanati
on and 2
marks for
example

Q3 a Describe the use of decision table in black box testing with the help of suitable example.
Solution:

Decision table is a software testing technique used to test system behavior for different input combinations.
• Decision table is a software testing technique used to test system behavior fordifferent input
combinations.
• This is a systematic approach where the different input combinations and them corresponding system
behavior (Output) are captured in a tabular form. That is why it is also called as a Cause-Effect table
where Cause and effects are captured for bettertest coverage.

Example 1: Decision Base Table for Login Screen

The condition is simple if the user provides the correct username and password the user will be redirected to the
homepage. If any of the input is wrong, an error message will be displayed.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

F WRONG
USERNAME/PASSWORD
IS DISPLAYED
E ERROR MESSAGE IS
DISPLAYED
H HOME SCREEN IS
DISPLAYED

Interpretation:

Case 1 – Username and password both were wrong. The user is shown an error message.
Case 2 – Username was correct, but the password was wrong. The user is shown an error message.
Case 3 – Username was wrong, but the password was correct. The user is shown an error message.
Case 4 – Username and password both were correct, and the user navigated to homepage.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

1 mark
for each
Correct
test
cases

Q5 a Design test cases for railway reservation system.

Solution:

Test cases for scenario of ticket booking

Prerequisite: IRCTC Application

Sr No Test case Actual Input Expected Actual output status

Name output
TC-1 Book Ticket Click on Book Ticket It should go to It is going to pass
next page next page
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

TC-2 From Button Click on From Button It should go to Button It is pass

next page and going to next
show Search page and
Station Showing
search station
TC-3 Search Station It should accept It accepted the pass
Search Station = “Mumbai the data data
Central (MMCT) "
TC-4 Date Click on departure date It should It is displaying pass
display calendar
calendar
TC-5 Date 1.Click on departure date It should accept It is accepting Pass
2.Select Date=”12/11/2023” date. date.
TC-6 Date 1.Click on departure date It should It is displaying Pass
(current display calendar of next
date:8/2/2023) calendar of next 5 months (
5 months (till
8/2/2024)
TC-7 Search Train 1. Click on Plan my It should go to It is going to pass
Button journey. next page and next page and
2. Click on From show all showing all
Button available train available train
3. Enter From
=Mumbai Central
4. Click on To Button
5. Enter To=New
Delhi
6. 2.Select
Date=”12/11/2023”
7.Click on Search Train
Button

Q 6 a Design test cases for hostel admission form of your institute. 1 mark
Solution: for each
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Correct
test
cases

Sr No Test case Actual Input Expected Actual output status

Name output
TC-1 Name Enter Name =” Supriya It should It is accepting pass
Sandip Angne” accept Name Name
TC-2 Sex Select Radio button It should select It is selecting pass
=female female option female
application
TC-3 Residential It should It is displaying pass
Address 1.Enter Residential display message “enter
(blank) Address: ” “ message “enter address”
address”
2.Click on enter
TC-4 Mobile Number Enter Mobile It should accept It is accepting pass
Number=”9987749956” mobile number Mobile number
TC-5 Roll Number Enter Roll It should accept It is accepting Pass
Number=”20203A0045” Roll number Roll Number
TC-6 Submit Button 1.Enter Name =” Supriya It should accept It is accepting Pass
Sandip Angne” Application and Application and
2. Select Radio button Message Message is
=female should be sent received on
to registered registered
3.Enter Residential mobile number mobile number
Address: ” Shiv sadan ,kate for of
galli Parle west “ confirmation. confirmations.

4.Enter Mobile
Number=”9987749956”
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

5.Enter Roll
Number=”20203A0045”

6.Click on submit button

Winter- Unit 2 Q1 b List the levels of testing. ½ marks

2022 Solution: for each
level
Levels of testing are:
Unit testing
Integration Testing
System Testing Acceptance Testing

Q2 b State and describe top-down approach of integration testing with diagram. 1 mark
Solution: for
diagram
Top-down integration 3 marks
• Modules are integrated by moving downward through the control hierarchy, beginning with the main for
module. explanati
➢ It takes help of dummy program called stub for testing. on
➢ Subordinate modules are incorporated in either a depth-first or breadth-first fashion.
Integration can be done in two ways:
➢ Depth First Method: All modules on a major control path are integrated.
➢ Breadth First method: All modules directly subordinate at each level are integrated.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Top-down integration procedure:

1. Main control module used as a test driver and stubs are substitutes for components directly subordinate
to it.
2. Subordinate stubs are replaced one at a time with real components. (following the depth-first or breadth-
first approach).
3. Tests are conducted as each component is integrated.
4. On completion of each set of tests and other stub is replaced with a real component.
5. Regression testing may be used to ensure that new errors are not introduced.

Advantages of Top-down integration

➢ Fault Localization is easier.
➢ Possibility to obtain an early prototype.
➢ Critical Modules are tested on priority; major design flaws can be found and fixed first..

Disadvantages of Top-down integration

➢ Stubs need to be created to substitute for modules that have not been built or tested yet; this code is later
discarded.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q4 a Describe graphical user interface (GUI) testing and its important traits. 2 marks
Solution: for
explanati
on 2
GUI Testing marks for
There are two types of interfaces for a computer application. diagram
1.Command Line Interface is where you type text and the computer responds to that command.
2.GUI stands for Graphical User Interface where you interact with the computer using images rather than text.

• GUI testing is the process of testing the system's Graphical User Interface of the Application Under Test.
• GUI testing involves checking the screens with the controls like menus, buttons, icons, and all types of
bars - toolbar, menu bar, dialog boxes and windows, etc.
• GUI is what the user sees. A user does not see the source code. The interface is visible to the user.
• Especially the focus is on the design structure, images that they are working properly or not.

GUI Testing Guidelines or traits:

1. Check Screen Validations
2. Verify All Navigations
3. Check usability Conditions
4. Verify Data Integrity
5. Verify the object states
6. Verify the date Field and Numeric Field Format

Advantages of GUI Testing:

● Good GUI improves the feel and look of the application; it psychologically accepts the application by the user.
● GUI represents a presentation layer of an application. Good GUI helps an application due to better experience of the
users.
● Consistency of the screen layouts and designs improves usability of an application.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q4 c Describe load testing and stress testing with suitable examples. 2marks
Solution: for load
Load Testing testing
➢ Load testing is a type of non-functional testing.
➢ A load test is type of software testing which is conducted to understand the behavior of the application under a specific And
expected load. 2 marks
➢ Load testing is performed to determine a system’s behavior under both normal and at peak conditions. for stress
testing
It helps to identify the maximum operating capacity of an application as well as any bottlenecks and determine which element
is causing degradation.
➢ Example: If the software operates on peripherals such as printer, or communication ports, connect as many as you can.
➢ Example: If you are testing an internet server that can handle thousands of simultaneous connections, do it.
➢ Scenario like, most software it is important for it to run over long periods.
➢ Some software ‘s should be able to run forever without being restarted.

Stress Testing
➢ It is a type of non-functional testing.
➢ Stress testing is testing the software under less-than-ideal conditions.
➢ So subject your software to low memory, low disk space, slow CPU, and slow modems and so on.
➢ Look at software and determine what external resources and dependencies it has.
➢ Stress testing is simply limiting them to bare minimum. With stress testing you starve the software.
➢ The goals of such tests may be to ensure the software does not crash in conditions of insufficient computational resources
(such as memory or disk space).

➢Example: The news website will crash or slow down when a major event happens; for example, when Michael Jackson
passed away, a maximum number of news websites are slow down, or some of them also crashed.

To overcome this situation, we need to perform stress testing on the application and be prepared to recover quickly in case
of any crashes or failure.

Example : Education board's result website. On the day of some results, many students, users, and applicants will logins to
the particular to check their grades. Therefore, the execution of stress testing helps identify the failure of the application and
evaluate the performance and recoverability when the ultimate load occurs in a short duration or when the result is out.
Q5 b Design test cases for Web pages testing of any Web site (take a suitable example).
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Solution: 6 test
cases for
6 Marks:
1marks
for each
valid test
cases

summe Unit Q1 b State the process of performance testing. 2 marks

r-2022 2 Solution: for
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

correct
process

Q2 b Differentiate between Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing. (any four points) 1mark
Solution: for each
valid
Smoke testing Sanity testing point
It is done to assure that the acute functionality of program It is done to check the bugs have been fixed after the build.
is working fine.
Smoke testing is also called subset of acceptance testing. Sanity testing is also called subset of regression testing.
Smoke testing is performed by either developers or testers. Sanity testing is normally performed by testers.
Smoke testing is done to measures the stability of the Sanity testing is done to measures the rationality of the
system/product by performing testing. system/product by performing testing.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Smoke Testing is first performed on the initial build. Sanity Testing is done on stable builds or for the introduced
new features in the software.
Q4 a Describe Unit Testing. 1 mark
Solution: for
diagram
Unit Testing is a level of software testing where individual units/ components of a software are tested.
Purpose is to validate that each unit of the software performs as designed. 3 marks
Unit Testing is the first level of testing and is performed prior to Integration Testing. for
➢ A unit is the smallest testable part of software. explanati
➢ It is executed by the Developer. on
➢ Unit Testing is performed by using the White Box Testing method.
➢ Example: - A function, method, Loop, or statement in program is working fine.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Following test cases are performed for unit testing:

➢ The module interface is tested to ensure that information properly flows into and out of the program unit under test.
➢ Local data structures are examined to ensure that data stored temporarily maintains its integrity during all steps in
an algorithm’s execution.
➢ All independent paths through the control structure are exercised to ensure that all statements in a module have
been executed at least once.
➢ Boundary conditions are tested to ensure that the module operates properly at boundaries established to limit or
restrict processing.
➢ Error-handling paths Ensure algorithm responds correctly to specific error conditions.

Q4 e Explain following concepts related to security testing – i) Authorization. ii) Access Control. 2 mark
Solution: for
explanati
Authorization: Testing the system’s ability to properly authenticate and authorize users and devices. This includes testing on of
the strength and effectiveness of passwords, usernames, and other forms of authentication, as well as testing the system’s each
access controls and permission mechanisms. concept

Access control is a method of limiting access to a system or to physical or virtual resources. It is a process by which
users can access and are granted certain privileges to systems, resources or information. Access control is a security
technique that has control over who can view different aspects, what can be viewed and who can use resources in a
computing environment. It is a fundamental concept in security that reduces risk to the business or organization.

Q 5 b with respect to client-server testing design test cases for Online Payment Transfer at banking system. 1 mark
Solution: for each
valid test
Precondition: User should login to banking website with valid credentials. case
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q 6 a With respect to GUI testing, write test cases for Flipkart login form. 1 mark
for each
Solution: valid test
Prerequisite: User should be on www.flipkart.com cases
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Test Case No Test case Name Actual input Expected output Actual Output Status
TC-1 Already have an Click on already Link should be Link is clickable. pass
account link have an account clickable. It is going to login
link It should go to page
login page
TC-2 Login page Click on already It should show It is showing pass
have an account mobile number mobile number
link /email Id field in /email Id field in
form form
TC-3 Password Enter password It should show It is showing pass
=”123456” password in password in
encrypted form encrypted form
TC-4 Language option 1.click on login It should show It is showing page pass
option page content in content in hindi
2.click on hindi hindi
link
TC-5 Placement of text 1.click on login It should show It is showing pass
box and button on option mobile number mobile number
page /email Id, /email Id,
password field password field
and submit button and submit button
in form on proper in form on proper
position position
TC-6 Navigation 1.click on login It should convert It is converting pass
option arrow into cursor arrow into cursor
2.Go to mobile
number text box

winter- Unit Q1 b State any two examples of integration testing. 1 marks

2019 2 Solution: for each
• Interfaces of the software modules with the database could be erroneous. valid
• External Hardware interfaces, if any, could be erroneous. example
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• Inadequate exception handling could cause issues.

Q1 c Enlist any two activities involved in test planning. 1 mark

Solution: for each
activity
Test planning Activities
1. Preparing test plan
2. Scope management
3. Deciding Test approach/ strategy
4. Setting up criteria for testing
5. Identifying responsibilities, staffing & Training needs:
6. Identifying Resource Requirement
7. Identifying Test Deliverables
8. Testing task

Q2 b Differentiate between drivers and stub (any four points) 1 mark

for each
Driver Stub valid
It can simulate the behavior of upper-level modules that is It can simulate the behavior of lower-level modules that are point
not integrated yet. not integrated.

Driver’s modules act as the temporary replacement of They act as a temporary replacement of module and
module and act as the actual products. provide same output as actual product.

Serve to replace main program that accepts test case data, Serve to replace modules that are subordinate to (called by)
passes such data to the component being tested, and prints the component to be tested.
the returned results.

For performing bottom up integration, we need driver. For performing top down integration we need stub.

Q4 a Differentiate between alpha and beta testing (any four points). 1 mark
Solution: for each
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

valid
point

Q4 e State the testing approaches that are considered during client-server testing. Any four
approach
Solution: es :

Testing approaches of client server system is as follows. 1 mark

for each
Component Testing approach
➢For testing Client and server individually approach and test plan need to be defined.
➢ One may have to devise simulators to replace corresponding components while testing the component targeted by the
test.
➢ When server is tested, we may need a client simulator, while testing of client may need server simulator.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Integration Testing

➢After successful testing of servers, clients, and network, they are brought together to form the system and system test
cases are executed.
➢ Communication between client and server is tested in integration testing.

Performance Testing
➢ System performance is tested when number of clients are communicating with server at a time.
➢ we can test the system under maximum load as well as normal load expected.

Concurrency Testing
➢ It may be possible that multiple users may be accessing same record at a time.
➢ Concurrency testing is required to understand the behavior of a system under such circumstances.

Disaster Recovery Testing

➢ When the client and server are communicating with each other, there exists a possibility of breaking of the communication
due to various reasons or failure of either client or server or link connecting them.
➢ It may involve testing the scenario of such failure at different points in the system and action taken by the system in each
case.

Testing for extended periods

➢ In client server application it may be expected that server is running 24*7 for extended period.
➢ one need to conduct testing over an extended period to understand if service level of network and server deteriorates over
time due to some reasons.

Compatibility Testing
➢ Servers may be in different hardware, software or operating environment than the recommended one.
➢ Client may differ significantly from the expected environmental variables.
➢ Testing must ensure that performance must be maintained on the range of hardware and software configurations.
Q 5 b with respect to GUI testing write the test cases for Amazon login form 1 mark
for each
Solution: valid test
Prerequisite: first login to www.amazon .in cases
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Test Case No Test case Name Actual input Expected output Actual Output Status
TC-1 Already have an Click on already Link should be Link is clickable. pass
account link have an account clickable. It is going to login
link It should go to page
login page
TC-2 Login page Click on already It should show It is showing pass
have an account mobile number mobile number
link /email Id field in /email Id field in
form form
TC-3 Password Enter password It should show It is showing pass
=”123456” password in password in
encrypted form encrypted form
TC-4 Language option 1.click on login It should show It is showing page pass
option page content in content in hindi
2.click on hindi hindi
link
TC-5 Placement of text 1.click on login It should show It is showing pass
box and button on option mobile number mobile number
page /email Id, /email Id,
password field password field
and submit button and submit button
in form on proper in form on proper
position position
TC-6 Navigation 1.click on login It should convert It is converting pass
option arrow into cursor arrow into cursor
2.Go to mobile
number text box
Unit Q1 c State any four needs to prepare a test plan. ½ mark
3 Solution: for each
need
• It gives insight into testing activity completely.
• Test Plan Ensures all Functional and Design Requirements are implemented as specified in the documentation.
• The test plan addresses various levels of testing for Unit testing, Integration testing, System Testing, and
acceptance testing.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• It explains who does testing, why test are performed, how tests are performed, how test are conducted and when
test are scheduled.

Q2 C Describe the ‘Test Infrastructure’ components with diagram. 1 mark

for
Solution: diagram

3 marks
for
explanati
on

Test Infrastructure
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Testing infrastructure is made up of three essential elements:

• Test Case Database (TCDB)
• Defect Repository
• Configuration Management Repository and Tools

Test Case Database (TCDB)

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Test Case
Purpose : Record all the static information Attributes
about the test. Test case ID ,Test case name, Test case Owner

Test case product cross reference

Purpose:Provides mapping between test and Attributes
corresponding feature Test Case ID ,Module ID

Test case run history

Purpose: When test was run?, What was the Attribute: Test Case ID ,Run date, Time taken,
result? Status

Test Case –Defect Cross Reference

Purpose :Provides mapping between test case and defect
Attribute: Test Case ID ,Defect ID

Defect Repository

• It captures relevant details of defects.

• It is tool of communication between testing team, development team and clients.
• Defect Metrics are derived from defect repository.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Configuration management repository and tools

• Keeps track of change control of all the files/entities that makeup a software product.
• Keeps track of version control of all the files/entities that makeup a software product.

Q3 b State the contents of “Test Summary Reports” used in test reporting. Correct
explanati
Solution: on 4
Test reporting is a mechanism of achieving communication through the testing cycle. marks
There are 3 types of test reporting.
1. Test incident report:
2. Test cycle report:
3. Test summary report:

Test summary Report: The final step in a test cycle is to recommend the suitability of a product for release.
A report that summarizes the result of a test cycle is the test summary report.
There are two types of test summary report:

1. Phase wise test summary, which is produced at the end of every phase.
2. Final test summary report, which has all the details of testing done by all phases and teams.

A summary report should be presented.

1. Test Summary Report Identifier
2 Description: Identify the test items being reported in this report with test id
3 Variances: Mention any deviation from test plSolution:, test procedures, if any.
4 Summary of results should include: Tests that failed with any root cause description and severity of impact of defect
found by tests.
5 Comprehensive assessment and recommendation for release should include: “Fit for release” assessment and
Recommendation of release.

Q4 b Describe test deliverables in detail. ½ marks

Solution: for each
deliverab
le
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q6 b Prepare test plan for ‘Cam Scanner’ which is installed on mobile. Template
2 marks
Correct
Solution:: explanati
on 4
1 Test Plan Identifier TP_10 marks
2 Introduction: The purpose of this document is to create and test plan for camscanner. The purpose of
testing this program is to check the correct operation of its functionality and ease of use.

3 Test Items Working with CAMSCANNER

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

4 Features to be
tested. • SCAN

ID CARD

SCSOLUTION: DOCS

BOOK

QR CODE

• PROCESS FILES

• PDF TOOLS

• TOOLS

• SHARE

• MOVE/COPY

• RENAME

• DELETE
5
Approac • On the test object: o functional o non-functional
h
• According to the requirements o positive o negative
• By degree of preparedness - intuitive testing (ad hoc)
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

6
Item Pass/Fail All test cases with high priority are closed with the result - pass.
Criteria:
The test coverage is checked and sufficient, where the criterion of sufficiency is not less
than99% of the coverage of requirements by tests.

The test report was compiled and approved by the team lead and customer.

7 The appearance and entering the bug-tracking system of blocking bugs.

Suspension
Criteria:

Resumption
Criteria: Closing the blocking bug in the bug tracking system

8
Test Deliverables Test plan, test case specification, test case, test summary report

9 Test Tasks • Writing a test plan

• Writing test cases
• Development of criteria for the success of testing.
• Conducting the testing and evaluation of the results
• Creating test reports
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

1 Environmental Cam Scanner Mobile Application

0 needs Internet
Mobile/Computer
Android OS

1 responsibilities Functionality and Responsible

1 Responsibilities
Test Engineer 1
SCAN

Test Engineer 2
PROCESS FILES

PDF TOOLS Test Engineer 3

TOOLS Test Engineer 4
SHARE Test Engineer 5
MOVE/COPY Test Engineer 5
RENAME Test Engineer 6
DELETE Test Engineer 6
1 Staffing and
2 Training Needs To perform the tasks, you need to have the following knowledge and skills:

• practical knowledge application of the WhatsApp is needed.

• knowledge and ability to apply in practice the basic techniques of test design.
• Knowledge of various types of testing including functional and non-functional.

1
3 Schedule The deadline for completion of all works and delivery of the project is 06/12/2023 by
5.00pm
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

1 Risks and
4 Contingencies • Insufficient human resources for testing the application in deadlines.
Possible risks
during testing • Changing the requirements for the product

1 Approvals Team Lead Test engineer 1

5 Test Manager
Quality Manager

Summe Unit Q 1 c Enlist different types of test deliverables. Four

r 2022 3 Solution: relevant
deliverab
les
½ mark
for each
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q 2 c Describe different types of external standards. Explanati

Solution: on 4
marks
External Standards:
These are the standards made by an entity external to an organization.
These standards are standards that a product should comply with, are externally visible and are usually stipulated by
external parties.

The three types of external standards are:

• Customer standard: refer to something defined by the customer as per his/her business requirement for the
given product.
• National Standard: refer to something defined by the regulatory entities of the country where the supplier /
customer resides.
• • International Standard: are defined at international level and these are applicable to all customers across
the globe.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q 3 b Explain test management with Test Infrastructure Management and Test People Management. Test
Infrastruc
Solution: ture
Manage
Test Infrastructure Management ment 3
Marks
Test Infrastructure is made up of three essential elements:
• Test Case Database (TCDB) And
• Defect Repository
• Configuration Management Repository and Tools Test
People
• Test Case Database (TCDB) Manage
ment
1 mark
• Test Case
• Purpose: Record all the static information about the test.
• Attributes
Test case ID, Test case name, Test case Owner
• Test case product cross reference
• Purpose: Provides mapping between test and corresponding feature
• Attributes
Test Case ID, Module ID
• Test case run history
• Purpose: When was test run? What was the result?
• Attribute: Test Case ID, Run date, Time taken, Status
• Test Case –Defect Cross Reference
• Purpose: Provides mapping between test case and defect
• Attribute: Test Case ID , Defect ID
• Defect Repository
• It captures relevant details of defect.
• It is tool of communication.
• Defect Metrics are derived from defect repository.

• Configuration Management Repository and Tools

• Keeps track of change control of all the files/entities that makeup a software product.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• Keeps track of version control of all the files/entities that makeup a software product.

Test People management

• People management is an integral part of any project management.

• A person relies on his or her own skills to accomplish an assigned activity.
• People management also requires the ability to hire, motivate and retain the right people.
• Success of testing organization depends on careful people management skills.

Q4 b Explain test reporting with executing test cases and preparing test summary report. 2 marks
Solution: for each
explantio
Executing Test Cases n
Proper execution of test cases is essential which will minimize the work and reduce the time to release s/w product.
Test execution task:
• Follow the test procedures to execute test cases.
• Do the confirmation testing for the failed test cases.
• Log the result for test execution.
• Compare actual and expected results. In case of difference defect occurrence is reported.
• Update defect database which is used to communicate between developer and tester team.
• So the execution of test cases will decide the suspension or resumption of further test cases.

Test Summary Report

• Test summary report is a document which contains summary of test activities and final test results.
• After the testing cycle it is very important that you communicate the test results and findings to the project
stakeholders.
• so that decisions can be made for the software release. i.e. If further testing is required and we need to delay the
release.
• Test summary report will be different for different kind of testing.
• In addition to test coverage and unresolved defects test summary reports should also contain test strategy, test
objectives and overall result of test effort.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q4 c Explain test case specification. Correct

Solution: explanati
on 4
Test case specification should clearly identify following: marks
1. The purpose of the test: -This will list which feature the test is intended for
2. Items being tested along with their version release number
3. Environment that needs to be set up for running the test case.eg hardware environment set up, software environment
set up
4. Input data to be used for the test case. This choice depends on the technique followed in the case. For example, manual
or automated or type of testing (equivalence portioning or boundary value analysis).
5. Steps to be followed to execute test
6. The expected result that are correct results
7. A step to compare the actual result produced with the expected result.
8. Any relationship between this test and other tests: -by this we can find dependencies among the test

Q6 b Prepare a test plan along with test cases for creating a saving account at bank. (Test cases should be at least
six).
Solution:

Test Cases:
Test Test case Actual Input Expected output Actual output Status
case Name
No
TC 1 Name Enter Name Number=” ” It should prompt message It is prompting message pass
enter valid name “ . “enter valid name.
TC 2 Aadhaar Enter Aadhar It should accept aadhaar It is accepting aadhaar pass
Number Number=”3695041821324 number. number.
TC 3 Date of Enter date of birth It should prompt message It is prompting message pass
birth =”25/04/2020” “Your age should be above “Your age should be
18”. above 18”.
TC 4 Mobile Enter Mobile It should accept mobile It accepts mobile pass
number number=9987745656” number. number.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

TC 5 Email Id Enter Email Id=”xyz.sdf It should accept email id. It is accepting email id. pass
@vpt.edu.in”
TC 6 Address Enter address=” shiva It should accept address It is accepting address. pass
sadan ,thane 400605 “

Test Plan:

1 Test Plan Identifier TP_10

2 Introduction: The purpose of this document is to create and test plan for saving account at bank. The
purpose of testing this program is to check the correct operation of its functionality and
ease of use.
3 Test Items Working with creating saving account
4 Features to be
tested.
• Type of saving account

• Identify yourself.

• KYC

• Contact details

• Your profile

• submission
5
Approac • On the test object: o functional o non-functional
h
• According to the requirements o positive o negative
• By degree of preparedness - intuitive testing (ad hoc)
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

6
Item Pass/Fail All test cases with high priority are closed with the result - pass.
Criteria:
The test coverage is checked and sufficient, where the criterion of sufficiency is not less
than99% of the coverage of requirements by tests.

The test report was compiled and approved by the team lead and customer.

7 The appearance and entering the bug-tracking system of blocking bugs.

Suspension
Criteria:

Resumption
Criteria: Closing the blocking bug in the bug tracking system

8
Test Deliverables Test plan, test case specification, test case, test summary report

9 Test Tasks • Writing a test plan

• Writing test cases
• Development of criteria for the success of testing.
• Conducting the testing and evaluation of the results
• Creating test reports
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

1 Environmental Internet
0 needs Computer
Laptop
tab

1 responsibilities Functionality and Responsible

1 Responsibilities
Test Engineer 1
Type of saving
account

Test Engineer 2
Identify yourself.

Test Engineer 3
KYC

Test Engineer 4
Contact details

Your profile Test Engineer 5

submission Test Engineer 5
1 Staffing and
2 Training Needs To perform the tasks, you need to have the following knowledge and skills:

• practical knowledge application of the banking application is needed.

• knowledge and ability to apply in practice the basic techniques of test design.
• Knowledge of various types of testing including functional and non-functional.

1
3 Schedule The deadline for completion of all works and delivery of the project is 06/12/2023 by
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

5.00pm

1 Risks and
4 Contingencies • Insufficient human resources for testing the application in deadlines.
Possible risks
during testing • Changing the requirements for the product

1 Approvals Team Lead Test engineer 1

5 Test Manager
Quality Manager

Winter Unit Q1 c Enlist any two activities involved in test planning. 1 mark
2019 3 Solution: for each
activity

Test planning Activities

1. Preparing test plan

2. Scope management
3. Deciding Test approach/ strategy
4. Setting up criteria for testing
5. Identifying responsibilities, staffing & Training needs
6. Identifying Resource Requirement
7. Identifying Test Deliverables
8. Testing task

Q2 c State the contents of ‘Test Summary Reports’ used in test reporting. 4 marks
Solution: for
correct
Test Summary Report A summary report should present the following things: content
1. Test Summary Report Identifier of test
2. A summary of the activities carried out during the test cycle. summary
3. Variance of the activities carried out from the activities planned. report
4. Summary of results should include:
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

5. Tests that failed with any root cause description and severity of impact of defect found by test.

6. Comprehensive assessment and recommendation for release should include:

Fit for release” assessment and Recommendation of release.

Q 3 b Explain test management with Test Infrastructure Management and Test People Management. Test
Infrastru
Solution: cture
Manage
Test Infrastructure Management ment
3Marks
Test Infrastructure is made up of three essential elements:
• Test Case Database (TCDB) Test
• Defect Repository People
• Configuration Management Repository and Tools Manage
ment
• Test Case Database (TCDB) 1 mark

• Test Case
• Purpose: Record all the static information about the test.
• Attributes
Test case ID, Test case name, Test case Owner
• Test case product cross reference
• Purpose: Provides mapping between test and corresponding feature
• Attributes
Test Case ID, Module ID
• Test case run history.
• Purpose: When was the test run? What was the result?
• Attribute: Test Case ID, Run date, Time taken, Status
• Test Case –Defect Cross Reference
• Purpose: Provides mapping between test case and defect
• Attribute: Test Case ID, Defect ID
• Defect Repository
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• It captures relevant details of defect.

• It is tool of communication.
• Defect Metrics are derived from defect repository.

• Configuration Management Repository and Tools

• Keeps track of change control of all the files/entities that makeup a software product.
• Keeps track of version control of all the files/entities that makeup a software product.

Test People management

• People management is an integral part of any project management.
• A person relies on his or her own skills to accomplish an assigned activity.
• People management also requires the ability to hire, motivate and retain the right people.
• Success of testing organization depends on careful people management skills.

Q4 c Describe the process of preparing summary report in test planning. Correct

Solution: process
Preparing test summary report at the completion of a test cycle, a test summary report is 4 marks
produced. This report gives insights to the senior management about the fitness of the product.
for release. There are three types of reports that are required:
1. The Incident Report
2. Test Cycle Report
3. Test Summary Report A summary report should present the following things:
1 A summary of the activities carried out during the test cycle.
2 Variance of the activities carried out from the activities planned.
3 Summary of results should include:
Tests that failed with any root cause description and severity of impact of defect found by
tests.
4 Comprehensive assessment and recommendation for release should include:
Fit for release” assessment and Recommendation of release.
Q6 b Design a test plan along with the test cases for edit function in notepad.
Solution:

1 Test Plan Identifier TP_10

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

2 Introduction: The purpose of this document is to create and test plan for edit .functionality of notepad The
purpose of testing this program is to check the correct operation of its functionality and ease
of use.
3 Test Items Working with notepad
4 Features to be
tested.
• Undo

• Cut /Copy

• Paste

• DELETE

• Find

• Goto

5
Approac • On the test object: o functional o non-functional
h
• According to the requirements o positive o negative
• By degree of preparedness - intuitive testing (ad hoc)
6
Item Pass/Fail All test cases with high priority are closed with the result - pass.
Criteria:
The test coverage is checked and sufficient, where the criterion of sufficiency is not less
than99% of the coverage of requirements by tests.

The test report was compiled and approved by the team lead and customer.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

7 The appearance and entering the bug-tracking system of blocking bugs.

Suspension
Criteria:

Resumption Closing the blocking bug in the bug tracking system

Criteria:

8
Test Deliverables Test plan, test case specification, test case, test summary report

9 Test Tasks • Writing a test plan

• Writing test cases
• Development of criteria for the success of testing.
• Conducting the testing and evaluation of the results
• Creating test reports

1 Environmental Notepad
0 needs Laptop/Computer

1 responsibilities Functionality and Responsible

1 Responsibilities
Undo Test Engineer 1
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Cut/copy Test Engineer 2

paste Test Engineer 3
delete Test Engineer 4
find Test Engineer 5
goto Test Engineer 5
1 Staffing and
2 Training Needs To perform the tasks, you need to have the following knowledge and skills:

• practical knowledge application of the notepad is needed.

• knowledge and ability to apply in practice the basic techniques of test design.
• Knowledge of various types of testing including functional and non-functional.

1
3 Schedule The deadline for completion of all works and delivery of the project is 06/12/2023 by
5.00pm

1 Risks and
4 Contingencies • Insufficient human resources for testing the application in deadlines.
Possible risks
during testing • Changing the requirements for the product

1 Approvals Team Lead Test engineer 1

5 Test Manager
Quality Manager

Winter Unit Q1 d Give the defect classification and its meaning. ½ marks
2022 4 for each
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Solution: classifica
Requirement/Specification Defects: tion
Requirement-related defects arise in a product when one fails to understand what the customer requires.
These defects may be due to the customer gap, where the customer is unable to define his requirements.
Producer gap, where the developing team is not able to make a product as per requirements.
Design Defects:
Design defects occur when system components, interactions between system components, interactions between the outside
software/hardware, or users are incorrectly designed.
Design defects generally refer to the way of design creation or its usage while creating a product.
Coding Defects:
This defect arises when variables are not initialized properly, or variables are not declared correctly, or database is not created
properly.
Coding also needs adequate commenting to make it readable and maintainable in future.
Testing Defects:
These would encompass incorrect, incomplete, missing inappropriate test cases and test procedures.
Q3 c Prepare defect report after executing test cases for any login form. Format
Solution: of defect
report
Defect Report in Software Testing is a detailed document about bugs found in the software application. 2 Marks
Following is Defect report after executing test cases for Email-log in form. Descripti
on
2 marks
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Description
: When I put mail id and password, I am unable to login while login credentials are right.
Steps to reproduce.
1. go to the www.gmail.com
2. Click on login button.
3. Put Right mail id and password and click next.
4. and take Screenshot.

Expected result.
The mail account should log in after putting the right mail id and password.
Actual result
The mail account is not logged in after putting the right details.

Q6 c Prepare defect report after executing test cases for withdrawn of amount from ATM machine. Test
Solution: case 2
marks
Test Cases:
Note : testing is performed on Cash simulator ATM site. Defect
report 2
Marks
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Test Test Case Name Actual Input Expected output Actual Output Status
Case
No
TC1 Withdrawn 1. Go to Cash Simulator It should withdraw It is withdrawing Pass
Amount ATM site. the money. the money.
2. Select the card to insert it
into the ATM = “Any Bank”
3. Select Language =
“English”
4. Enter Pin = “1234”
5. Choose Account Type =
“Savings”
6. Enter Amount = “2000”
7. Remove Card from slot
8. Remove Cash from the
slot
TC2 Withdrawn 1. Go to Cash Simulator It should display It is showing Pass
Amount→Check ATM site. message “Your message “Your
balance. 2. Select the card to insert it Current Balance Current Balance
into the ATM = “Any Bank” is 3000 is 3000
(balance=5000) 3. Select Language =
“English”
4. Enter Pin = “1234”
5. Choose Account Type =
“Savings”
6. Enter Amount = “2000”

7.Click on Other Functions.

8.Click on Balance on
Screen.
9.Remove Card from the
slot
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Defect Report

ID Def_01
Project ATM Simulator
Product Cash Simulator ATM
Release Version v1.0
Module Home Page > Simulator
Detected Build Version v1.1
Summary Limited denomination options in cash withdrawal function, restricting cash withdrawal only
till 3000.
Description No option of withdrawing of amount excess of 3000
Steps to Replicate 1) Open the website
2) Select our programs
3) Proceed to Digital Inclusion tools and select cash machine simulator (ATM)
4) Select language and skip to simulator
5) Enter the card
6) Select the account type
7) Go to Other functions and select cash withdrawal
Actual Results It has displaying limited options of denominations in cash withdrawal option.
Expected Results It should add more options in denominations in withdrawal function or it should take amount
input from the user
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Attachments

Remarks Causes inconvenience to the user in terms of limited cash withdrawal options.
Defect Severity High
Defect Priority High
Reported By Aadhya
Assigned To Supriya
Status Assigned

Summer Unit 4 Q1e State any four defect reporting guidelines. ½ marks
2022 Solution: for each
Defect finding and reporting are the important steps in software development life cycle. guideline
•When we find defect, analyses it, take corrective and preventive actions for further steps.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Guidelines for defects reporting are:

• Give Complete Record of Discrepancies

• Complete description of a defect indicates the symptom observed by the tester.
• when the defect is located, corrective actions and preventive actions must be taken .
• Project manager must conduct complete analysis of how the defect occurred and what was not done correctly.
• They should perform root-cause analysis to identify and correct the defect and responsible processes which have resulted
in the defect.
• Defect finding must lead to process improvement.
Q3 c Draw defect prevention process cycle. State working of each phase.
Solution:

Defect Prevention (DP) is usually considered as a process of simply preventing defects from their re-occurrence
in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Here, defects are basically defined as errors that might occur in different
stages of SDLC. It is one of best methods to remove defects at an early stage of testing rather than identifying it at later
stage and then resolving it.

There are basically three steps of defect prevention process as given below :
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Identification of critical defect is one of major part of defect prevention. During SDLC, different types of defects are
encountered. Each defect has a different impact on system. Some of them have severe impact i.e., largely affects system,
some of them are less severe i.e., have less impact on system, and some of them have very less impact on system that
can be considered as negligible. Therefore, it is very important to identify critical and more severe defects in system at
soon as possible.

Estimating expected impact of defects on cost is also an important part of defect prevention. Whenever defect is
encountered in system, main questions arise is what are measures that are needed to be taken to resolve it and amount
required to resolve it.

After identifying and estimating impact of critical defects, one should take some measures actions to minimize or eliminate
defects permanently before its occurrence. Minimizing expected impact is also important part of defect prevention. If
one could not eliminate defect, then he/she should try to reduce possibility of its occurrence and its impact.

Q6 c Design any four test cases for withdrawing an amount from ATM and prepare defeat report of it. 2 marks
Solution: for test
Test Cases: cases
Note : testing is performed on Cash simulator ATM site. 4 marks
for defect
Test Test Case Name Actual Input Expected output Actual Output Status report
Case
No
TC1 Withdrawn 1. Go to Cash Simulator It should withdraw It is withdrawing Pass
Amount ATM site. the money. the money.
2. Select the card to insert it
into the ATM = “Any Bank”
3. Select Language =
“English”
4. Enter Pin = “1234”
5. Choose Account Type =
“Savings”
6. Enter Amount = “2000”
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

7. Remove Card from slot

8. Remove Cash from the
slot
TC2 Withdrawn 1. Go to Cash Simulator It should display It is showing Pass
Amount→Check ATM site. message “Your message “Your
balance. 2. Select the card to insert it Current Balance Current Balance
into the ATM = “Any Bank” is 3000 is 3000
(balance=5000) 3. Select Language =
“English”
4. Enter Pin = “1234”
5. Choose Account Type =
“Savings”
6. Enter Amount = “2000”

7.Click on Other Functions.

8.Click on Balance on
Screen.
9.Remove Card from the
slot

TC3 Withdrawn 1. Go to Cash Simulator It should prompt It is prompting pass

Amount ATM site. message “enter message ““enter
2. Select the card to insert it valid amount” valid amount”
into the ATM = “Any Bank”
3. Select Language =
“English”
4. Enter Pin = “1234”
5. Choose Account Type =
“Savings”
6. Enter Amount = “0000”

TC4 Withdrawn 1. Go to Cash Simulator It should prompt It is displaying pass

Amount ATM site. message” amount message” amount
(Daily withdrawal 2. Select the card to insert it entered is more entered is more
limit is 50000) into the ATM = “Any Bank”
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

3. Select Language = than daily than daily

“English” withdrawal limit” withdrawal limit”
4. Enter Pin = “1234”
5. Choose Account Type =
“Savings”
6. Enter Amount = “100000”

Defect Report:

ID Def_01
Project ATM Simulator
Product Cash Simulator ATM
Release Version v1.0
Module Home Page > Simulator
Detected Build Version v1.1
Summary Limited denomination options in cash withdrawal function, restricting cash withdrawal only
till 3000.
Description No option of withdrawing of amount excess of 3000
Steps to Replicate 1) Open the website
2) Select our programs
3) Proceed to Digital Inclusion tools and select cash machine simulator (ATM)
4) Select language and skip to simulator
5) Enter the card
6) Select the account type
7) Go to Other functions and select cash withdrawal
Actual Results It has displaying limited options of denominations in cash withdrawal option.
Expected Results It should add more options in denominations in withdrawal function or it should take amount
input from the user
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Attachments

Remarks Causes inconvenience to the user in terms of limited cash withdrawal options.
Defect Severity High
Defect Priority High
Reported By Aadhya
Assigned To Supriya
Status Assigned
Winter Unit Q 1 e Define Defect. 2 marks
2019 4 Solution: for
A defect is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect/unexpected results. definition

Q 3 c Enlist different techniques for finding defects and describe any one technique with an example. Listing 1
Solution: marks
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Techniques for finding defects are 3 marks

1.Static Techniques for
2.Dynamic Techniques explanati
3.Operational Techniques on of any
one
1.Static Techniques techniqu
❖ Testing that is done without physically executing a program or system. es
❖ No execution of code, product, documentation.
❖ Helps in establishing conformance to requirements view
❖ Checking the software product and related artifacts without executing them.
❖ The work product is reviewed by the reviewer with the help of a checklist, standards, any other artifact, knowledge, and
experience, to locate the defect with respect to the established criteria.
❖ It may include reviews, walkthroughs, inspection, and audits.

Dynamic Techniques
❖ Testing in which system components are physically executed to identify defects.
❖ Execution of test cases is an example of a dynamic testing technique.
❖ Dynamic testing is a validation technique which includes dummy or actual execution of work products to evaluate it with
expected behavior.
❖ It includes black box testing methodology such as system testing and structural white box testing .
❖ The testing methods evaluate the product with respect to requirements defined; designs created and mark it as ‘pass’ or
‘fail’.
❖ This technique establishes ‘fitness for use’ view.

Consider below example of program to find number entered is even or odd .

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

For testing above program two test cases are generated.

Test case No 1 is executed for checking If condition.

Test case No 2 is executed for checking else part.

 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Operational Techniques

❖ Operational system produces a deliverable containing a defect found by users, customers, or control personnel. i.e., the
defect is found because of a failure.
❖ Operational techniques typically include auditing work products and projects.
❖ To understand whether the processes defined for development/testing are being followed correctly or not, and whether
they are effective or not.
❖ It also includes revisiting the defects before and after fixing and analysis.
❖ Operational technique may include smoke testing and sanity testing of a work product.

Q 6 c Draw a diagram for defect life cycle and write example for defect template. 2 Marks
Solution: for
diagram
Defect life cycle 4 marks
for
explanati
on
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Example of defect template

ID Def_01
Project ATM Simulator
Product Cash Simulator ATM
Release Version v1.0
Module Home Page > Simulator
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Detected Build Version v1.1

Summary Limited denomination options in cash withdrawal function, restricting cash withdrawal only
till 3000.
Description No option of withdrawing of amount excess of 3000
Steps to Replicate 1) Open the website
2) Select our programs
3) Proceed to Digital Inclusion tools and select cash machine simulator (ATM)
4) Select language and skip to simulator
5) Enter the card
6) Select the account type
7) Go to Other functions and select cash withdrawal
Actual Results It has displaying limited options of denominations in cash withdrawal option.
Expected Results It should add more options in denominations in withdrawal function or it should take amount
input from the user
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Attachments

Remarks Causes inconvenience to the user in terms of limited cash withdrawal options.
Defect Severity High
Defect Priority High
Reported By Aadhya
Assigned To Supriya
Status Assigned

Winter Unit Q1 f State the need for automated testing tools. Any four
2022 5 Solution: needs:
Need for automated testing tools are:
• An automated testing tool can playback pre-recorded and predefined actions, compare the results to the expected
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

behavior and report the success or failure of these to a test engineer. ½ marks
• Once automated tests are created, they can easily be repeated, and they can be extended to perform tasks for each
impossible with manual testing. need
• Automated Software Testing Saves Time and Money.
• Software tests must be repeated often during development cycles to ensure quality.
• Every time source code is modified software tests should be repeated. For each release of the software it may be
tested on all supported operating systems and hardware configurations. Manually repeating these tests is costly
and time consuming.
• Once created, automated tests can be run repeatedly at no additional cost, and they are much faster than manual
tests.
• Testing Improves Accuracy, Even the most conscientious tester will make mistakes during monotonous manual
testing. Automated tests perform the same steps precisely every time they are executed and never forget to record
detailed results.
• They can even be run on multiple computers with different configurations.
• Automated software testing can look inside an application and see memory contents, data tables, file contents, and
internal program states to determine if the product is behaving as expected.

Q2 d State the limitations of manual testing. Correct

Solution: limitation
s4
Limitation of manual testing marks
i. Manual testing is slow and costly.
ii. It is very labour intensive; it takes a long time to complete tests.
iii. Manual tests don’t scale well. As the complexity of the software increases the complexity of the testing problem
grows exponentially. This leads to an increase in the total time devoted to testing as well as total cost of testing.
iv. One tester may approach and perform a certain test differently from another, resulting in different results on the
same test, because the tests are not being performed identically.
v. GUI objects size difference and color combinations are not easy to find in manual testing.
vi. Not suitable for large scale projects and time bound projects

Q3 d Enlist the factors considered for selecting a testing tool for test automation. 1 mark
Solution: for each
factor
Selection criteria for testing tool
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

1.Meeting requirements
• There are plenty of tools available in the market but rarely do they meet all the requirements of a given product or a given
organization.
• Evaluating different tools for different requirements involve significant effort, money, and time. • The tool must match its
intended use.
• Wrong selection of a tool can lead to problems like lower efficiency and effectiveness of testing may be lost.

2. Technology expectations:
• Test tools in general may not allow test developers to extends/modify the functionality of the frameworkSo, extending the
functionality requires going back to the tool vendor and involves additional cost and effort.
• Different phases of a life cycle have different quality-factor requirements. Tools required at each stage may differ
significantly

3. Training/skills:
• While test tools require plenty of training, very few vendors provide the training to the required level. • Organization level
training is needed to deploy the test tools.
• As the user of the test suite are not only the test team but also the development team and other areas like configuration
management.
• If the testers do not have proper training and skill, then they may not be able to work effectively.

4. Management aspects:
• A test tool increases the system requirement and requires the hardware and software to be upgraded.
• This increases the cost of the already- expensive test tool.
• Select affordable tools. Cost and benefits of various tools must be compared before making final decision.

Q4 d State the advantages and disadvantages of using tools. 2 marks

Solution: for
advantag
Advantages of tools are: ed

1. Speed. 2 marks
• The automation tools test the software under tests with the very faster speed. for
• There’s a vast difference between the speed of user entering the data and the automated tools generating and entering the disadvan
data required for the testing of the software. tages
• Speed of this software also completes the work faster.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

2. Efficiency.
• While testers are busy running test cases, testers can't be doing anything else.
• If the tester has a test tool that reduces the time it takes for him to run his tests, he has more time for test planning and
thinking up new tests Advantages of automated testing

1. Accuracy and Precision.

• After trying a few hundred cases, tester ‘s attention span will wane, and he may start to make mistakes.
• A test tool will perform the same test and check the results perfectly, each time.

2. Resource Reduction.
• Sometimes it can be physically impossible to perform a certain test case.
• The number of people or the amount of equipment required to create the test condition could be prohibitive.
• A test tool can be used to simulate the real world and greatly reduce the physical resources necessary to perform the
testing.

3. Simulation.
• Test tools are often used to replace hardware or software that would normally interface to your product..
• This "fake" device or application can then be used to drive or respond to your software in ways that you choose and ways
that might otherwise be difficult to achieve.

4. Relentlessness.
• Test tools and automation never tire or give up.
• They can keep going and going and on and on without any problem; whereas the tester gets tired to test again and again

Disadvantages of automation tools are:

1. Automated testing is very much expensive than the manual testing.
2. It also becomes inconvenient and burdensome as to decide what to automate, who would automate and who would
train.
3. Automated testing would also require additionally trained and skilled people.
4. Need to keep auto tests up to date
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q5 c Design test cases for MS Word application using an Automation tool. 1 mark
Solution: for each
test case
These all test cases can be executed on tools like Auto It ,QTP etc.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Summer Unit Q1 f Enlist any four testing tools. ½ marks

2022 5 for each
Solution: tool
Selenium
J meter
Load Runner
QTP

Q2 d Describe different factors for selecting testing tools. 1 mark

Solution: for each
correct
Selection criteria for testing tool factor

1.Meeting requirements
• There are plenty of tools available in the market but rarely do they meet all the requirements of a given product or a given
organization.
• Evaluating different tools for different requirements involve significant effort, money, and time. • The tool must match its
intended use.
• Wrong selection of a tool can lead to problems like lower efficiency and effectiveness of testing may be lost.

3. Technology expectations:
• Test tools in general may not allow test developers to extends/modify the functionality of the frameworkSo, extending the
functionality requires going back to the tool vendor and involves additional cost and effort.
• Different phases of a life cycle have different quality-factor requirements. Tools required at each stage may differ
significantly

3. Training/skills:
• While test tools require plenty of training, very few vendors provide the training to the required level. • Organization level
training is needed to deploy the test tools.
• As the user of the test suite are not only the test team but also the development team and other areas like configuration
management.
• If the testers do not have proper training and skill, then they may not be able to work effectively.

5. Management aspects:
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• A test tool increases the system requirement and requires the hardware and software to be upgraded.
• This increases the cost of the already- expensive test tool.
• Select affordable tools. Cost and benefits of various tools must be compared before making final decision.

Q3 d State any eight limitations of Manual Testing. ½ marks

Solution: for each
Limitation of manual testing limitation
i. Manual testing is slow and costly.
ii. It is very labor intensive; it takes a long time to complete tests.
iii. Manual tests don’t scale well.
iv. As the complexity of the software increases the complexity of the testing problem grows exponentially. This
leads to an increase in the total time devoted to testing as well as the total cost of testing.
v. One tester may approach and perform a certain test differently from another, resulting in different results on the
same test, because the tests are not being performed identically.
vi. GUI objects size difference and color combinations are not easy to find in manual testing.
vii. Not suitable for large scale projects and time bound projects.
viii. Though manual testing we can’t look inside an application and see memory contents, data tables, file contents,
and internal program states.

Q4 d Describe need for Automated Testing tools. ½ marks

Solution: for each
Need for automated testing tools are: need
• An automated testing tool can playback pre-recorded and predefined actions, compare the results to the expected
behavior and report the success or failure of these to a test engineer.
• Once automated tests are created, they can easily be repeated, and they can be extended to perform tasks
impossible with manual testing.
• Automated Software Testing Saves Time and Money.
• Software tests must be repeated often during development cycles to ensure quality.
• Every time source code is modified software tests should be repeated. For each release of the software it may be
tested on all supported operating systems and hardware configurations. Manually repeating these tests is costly
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

and time consuming.

• Once created, automated tests can be run repeatedly at no additional cost, and they are much faster than manual
tests.
• Testing Improves Accuracy, Even the most conscientious tester will make mistakes during monotonous manual
testing. Automated tests perform the same steps precisely every time they are executed and never forget to record
detailed results.
• They can even be run on multiple computers with different configurations.
• Automated software testing can look inside an application and see memory contents, data tables, file contents, and
internal program states to determine if the product is behaving as expected.

Q5 c Elaborate the concept of Software Metrics? Describe Base Metrics and calculated metrics with suitable Concept
example. of metric
Solution: 1 mark
Software testing metrics are quantifiable indicators of the software testing process progress, quality, productivity, and
overall health. Base
The purpose of software testing metrics is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the software testing process while metric
also assisting in making better decisions for future testing by providing accurate data about the testing process. 1.5marks
A metric expresses the degree to which a system, system component, or process possesses a certain attribute in numerical
terms. Calculate
metric.
There are two sorts of manual test metrics:
1.5
1. Base Metrics: Analysts collect data throughout the development and execution of test cases to provide base metrics. marks.
By generating a project status report, these metrics are sent to test leads and project managers. It is quantified using
calculated metrics.
• The total number of test cases
• The total number of test cases completed.
•
2. Calculated Metrics: Data from base metrics are used to create calculated metrics. The test lead collects this
information and transforms it into more useful information for tracking project progress at the module, tester, and other
levels. It’s an important aspect of the SDLC since it allows developers to make critical software changes.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Winter Unit Q1 e State any of the four advantages of using tools. ½ mark
2019 5 Solution: Advantages of tools are: for each
advantag
1. Speed. e
• The automation tools test the software under tests with the very faster speed.
• There’s a vast difference between the speed of user entering the data and the automated tools generating and entering the
data required for the testing of the software.
• Speed of this software also completes the work faster.

2. Efficiency.
• While testers are busy running test cases, testers can't be doing anything else.
• If the tester has a test tool that reduces the time it takes for him to run his tests, he has more time for test planning and
thinking up new tests Advantages of automated testing

1. Accuracy and Precision.

• After trying a few hundred cases, tester ‘s attention span will wane, and he may start to make mistakes.
• A test tool will perform the same test and check the results perfectly, each time.

2. Resource Reduction.
• Sometimes it can be physically impossible to perform a certain test case.
• The number of people or the amount of equipment required to create the test condition could be prohibitive.
• A test tool can be used to simulate the real world and greatly reduce the physical resources necessary to perform the
testing.

3. Simulation.
• Test tools are often used to replace hardware or software that would normally interface to your product..
• This "fake" device or application can then be used to drive or respond to your software in ways that you choose and ways
that might otherwise be difficult to achieve.

4. Relentlessness.
• Test tools and automation never tire or give up.
• They can keep going and going and on and on without any problem; whereas the tester gets tired to test again and again
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Q2 d State any eight limitations of manual testing ½ mark

Solution: for each
Limitation of manual testing limitation
i. Manual testing is slow and costly.
ii. It is very labor intensive; it takes a long time to complete tests.
iii. Manual tests don’t scale well.
iv. As the complexity of the software increases the complexity of the testing problem grows exponentially. This
leads to an increase in the total time devoted to testing as well as the total cost of testing.
v. One tester may approach and perform a certain test differently from another, resulting in different results on the
same test, because the tests are not being performed identically.
vi. GUI objects size difference and color combinations are not easy to find in manual testing.
vii. Not suitable for large scale projects and time bound projects.
viii. Through manual testing we can’t look inside an application and see memory contents, data tables, file contents,
and internal program states.

Q 3 d Enlist factors considered for selecting a testing tool for test automation. For each
Solution: factor 1
mark
Selection criteria for testing tool

1.Meeting requirements
• There are plenty of tools available in the market but rarely do they meet all the requirements of a given product or a given
organization.
• Evaluating different tools for different requirements involve significant effort, money, and time. • The tool must match its
intended use.
• Wrong selection of a tool can lead to problems like lower efficiency and effectiveness of testing may be lost.

4. Technology expectations:
• Test tools in general may not allow test developers to extends/modify the functionality of the frameworkSo, extending the
functionality requires going back to the tool vendor and involves additional cost and effort.
• Different phases of a life cycle have different quality-factor requirements. Tools required at each stage may differ
significantly

3. Training/skills:
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

• While test tools require plenty of training, very few vendors provide the training to the required level. • Organization level
training is needed to deploy the test tools.
• As the user of the test suite are not only the test team but also the development team and other areas like configuration
management.
• If the testers do not have proper training and skill, then they may not be able to work effectively.

6. Management aspects:
• A test tool increases the system requirement and requires the hardware and software to be upgraded.
• This increases the cost of the already- expensive test tool.
• Select affordable tools. Cost and benefits of various tools must be compared before making final decision.

Q 4d Describe object-oriented metrics in testing.

Solution: Any for
Object
Object oriented metrics in testing: The classification captures object-oriented software features and properties hierarchically. Oriented
It begins with the high-level characteristics of an object-oriented system and moves down to the low-level characteristics. metric
For each
metric 1
Source code size metrics: Traditional metrics which are applied to objectoriented software give insight into an overall system mark
size and allow comparing systems and evaluating productivity. They can also be used as a refactoring effectiveness indicator.

Lines of Code (LOC) metric is most common software project measure. The metric becomes a baseline to measure the
degree of work performed on a project and it is used to create time and cost estimates. Effective Lines of Code Metric (eLOC)
is a measure of all lines that are not comments, blanks or standalone braces or parenthesis. This metric more closely
represents the quantity of work performed.

Comment Line and Comment Percent (or Comment to Code Ratio) is a degree of commenting within the source code. It
measures the care taken by programmers to make the source code and algorithms understandable. Poorly commented code
makes the maintenance activities an extremely expensive. Recommended minimum is 20%.

Blank Line and White Space Percent Metric is the number of blank lines within source code. It indicates the readability of
product. And File Count Metric counts the files processed and generates metrics based on the file extension. It provides the
distribution of the source code types, source code types and distribution of the specifications to the implementations.
 Examination Paper Analysis and Solution

Procedural metrics: Cyclomatic Complexity is a popular procedural (called also function) software metric equal to the
number of decisions that can be taken in a procedure A decision is defined as an occurrence of keywords such as: "while",
"for", “for each”, “continue”, "if", "case", "go to", “try” and “catch” within the function. Cyclomatic Complexity is the sum of these
constructs. That metric helps to identify software need of inspection or redesign, and to allocate resources for evaluation and
test.

Class metrics: Class metrics describe structure of a class and relationship between classes. The volume of a class is a basic
size measure connected with the amount of information inside it. The class volume can be measured by Number of Variables
and by Number of Methods. Also Average LOC per Class and per Method metrics can provide insight into the average module
size in the system
Q 5c Elaborate the term metrics and measurement and write the need of software measurement. 2marks
for Metric
Solution:: 2 marks
for
Metrics and measurement: measure
A Metric is a measurement of the degree that any attribute belongs to a system, product, or process. ment
For example, the number of errors per person hours would be a metric. Thus, software measurement gives rise to software
metrics. 2 marks
A measurement is an indication of the size, quantity, amount, or dimension of a particular attribute of a product or process. for needs
For example, the number of errors in a system is a measurement.
A Metric is a quantitative measure of the degree to which a system, system component, or process possesses a given
attribute.
Metrics can be defined as “STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT”.
Software Metrics are used to measure the quality of the project. Simply, Metric is a unit used for describing an attribute. Metric
is a scale for measurement.
Need of Software measurement:
1. Establish the quality of the current product or process.
2. To predict the future qualities of the product or process.
3. To improve the quality of a product or process.
4. To determine the state of the project in relation to budget and schedule.