Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

STUDY EXPERIMENTS

Aim:
To identify the Front panel indicators and switches and Front side and rear
side connectors.
Tower Case:

Front Side switches and indicators:

Hard Drive Activity LED
LED provides visual indication that data is being read from or written to the hard drive.
Reset Switch
Supporting the reset function. When the switch is closed, the system resets and runs
POST.
Power Switch
Controls the power button that allows you to turn on and off the computer.
Drive bays
Drive bays are used to store disk drives.
 5.25" - The standard housing for CD and DVD drives in modern computers, but
were sometimes used for other things, including hard disks and floppy disk
drives.
 3.5" - The standard housing for HDD drives in modern computers.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Front Side Connectors:

USB Connectors:
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a way of setting up communication between a computer
and peripheral devices.
Card Reader:
Card reader is used to reads flash memory cards. It can be a standalone device that
connects to a computer via USB.
Audio Jack:
A socket for plugging in an audio source, Audio jacks are found on many types of
audio equipment and musical instruments that accept external sound sources.
Rear Side Connectors:

PS/2 port Parallel

(Mouse) LAN

PS/2 port USB port RS232 VGA port

(Keyboard)

PS/2 Port:
The PS/2 standard, introduced by IBM in 1987, stands for Personal System/2 It
accept a PS/2 cable with a mini-DIN connector, and is used to plug in a keyboard or mouse.
USB Port:
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a way of setting up communication between a computer
and peripheral devices.
Parallel Port:
This interface is found on the back of older PCs and is used for connecting external
devices such as printers or a scanner. It uses a 25-pin connector (DB-25).
Serial Port:
The serial port is a type of connection on PCs that is used for peripherals such as mice,
gaming controllers, modems, and older printers. It is sometimes called a COM port or an RS-
232 port.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

VGA Port:
This interface is found on the back of PCs and is used for connecting visual display unit.
It uses a 15-pin connector (DB-15).
LAN Port
This interface is found on the back of PCs and is used for connecting your system with
network.

Result:
Thus the Front panel indicators & switches and Front side & rear side connectors are
identified.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Aim:
To draw the layout of given system of layout the SMPS, motherboard, HDD, FDD,
CDROM drives in both tower and flip top model.
Tower Case Model Layout:

Flip Top Model Layout:

1. Power supply
2. Externally accessible drive bays
3. Hard-disk drive bracket
4. System board

Major Component locations

 The motherboard is usually screwed to the case along its largest face, which could
bethe bottom or the side of the case depending on the form factor and orientation.
 Form factors such as ATX provide a back panel with cut-out holes to expose I/O ports

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical
provided by integrated peripherals, as well as expansion slots which may optionally
expose additional ports provided by expansion cards.
 The power supply unit is often housed at the top rear of the case; it is usually
attached with four screws to support its weight.
 Most cases include drive bays on the front of the case; a typical ATX case includes
both 5.25" and 3.5" bays. In modern computers, the former are used mainly for
optical drives, while the latter are used for hard drives, floppy drives, and card
readers.
 Buttons and LEDs are typically located on the front of the case; some cases include
additional I/O ports, temperature and/or processor speed monitors in the same area.
 Vents are often found on the front, back, and sometimes on the side of the case to
allow cooling fans to be mounted via surrounding threaded screw holes.

Result:
Thus the computer system layout was familiarized for both cases.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Aim:
To configuring a BIOS setup program and troubleshooting the typical problems
using BIOS utility.
Entering into BIOS Setup:
1. Power on the computer.
2. To enter the BIOS Setup utility, press the F2 key while the system is performing
thepower-on self-test (POST)
3. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu options.
a. As you select each menu option, the top-level screen for that menu
optionappears.
4. To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll
upand down the options presented.
a. Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up
anddown arrow keys.
b. If a field can be modified, as you select the option, user instructions
formodifying the option appear in the right column of the screen.
c. If a field is a link to a sub-screen, instructions to press the Enter key to
accessthe sub screen appear in the right column.
5. Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the screen.
a. Some screens present a confirmation dialog box that enables unwanted
changes to be retracted.
6. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be
modified,press the Esc key to exit the screen.
7. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3 through Step 6.
Otherwise, go to Step 8.
8. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen appears.
9. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard your changes
andexit the BIOS Setup utility.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Screen Description

General product information, including BIOS type, processor,

Main
memory, andtime/date.
Configuration information for the CPU, memory, IDE, Super IO,
Advanced
trustedcomputing, USB, PCI, MPS and other information.
PCI Configure the server to clear NVRAM during system boot.
Boot Configure the boot device priority (storage drives and the DVD-ROM drive).
Security Set or change the user and supervisor passwords.
Chipset View the configuration of server chipsets.
Save changes and exit, discard changes and exit, discard changes, or load
Exit
optimalor fail-safe defaults.

BIOS Error Messages:

 [Date and Time Setting Error]
 This error usually indicates that the battery failed. To remedy this problem
replace the battery, run setup, set time and date, cycle power with a five-
minute delay in off state,and check to see if the error recurs.
 [Operating System not found]
 Possible causes of this error are: Empty drive or media, Intended boot device is
not in the BIOS setup boot settings
 [Real-Time Clock Error]
 This error can indicate a South bridge failure, a BIOS failure, a bad crystal, or a
bad oscillator. Possible solutions are to re-flash the BIOS or to replace the
battery.
 [IP Failure]
 An internal communication error occurred between BIOS and the SP. Retry the
operation.

Result:
Thus you have successfully configuring a BIOS setup program and troubleshooting
the typical problems using BIOS utility in your computer.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Aim:
To assemble a system with add on cards and check the working condition of the
system and install Dual OS.
Tools Required:
 Screwdriver – A Phillips-head (cross-point) screwdriver is what is used in most
PCs.
 Screw Extractor – A screw extractor can help you grab those screws and get
them outwithout messing with the hardware.
 Flashlight
 Tweezers – May be helpful for you in switching jumpers later in the tutorial.
Hardware Required:
 PC Case
 Floppy Disk Drive
 Hard Drive
 CD-ROM Drive
 Processor
 Processor Cooling Fan
 Power Supply
 Motherboard
 Memory Modules
 Video Card
 Keyboard & Mouse
Procedure:
Install the Power Supply
 Step 1: Insert the power supply into the case.
 Step 2: Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in the case.
 Step 3: Secure the power supply to the case using the proper screws.

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Attach the Components to the Motherboard and Install the Motherboard

Install a CPU and a Heat Sink/Fan Assembly

 Step1: Align the CPU so that the Connection 1 indicator is lined up with Pin 1 on
the CPU socket. Doing this ensures that the orientation notches on the CPU are
aligned with the orientation keys on the CPU socket.
 Step 2: Place the CPU gently into the socket.
 Step 3: Close the CPU load plate and secure it in place by closing the load lever.

 Step 4: Apply a small amount of thermal compound to the CPU and spread it
evenly
 Step 5: Align the heat sink/fan assembly retainers with the holes on the
motherboard.
 Step 6: Place the heat sink/fan assembly onto the CPU socket, being careful not to
pinch theCPU fan wires.

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  Step 7: Tighten the heat sink/fan assembly retainers to secure the assembly in
place.
 Step 8: Connect the heat sink/fan assembly power cable to the header on the
motherboard.
Install the RAM
 Step 1: Align the notches on the RAM module with the keys in the slot and press
down untilthe side tabs click into place.
 Step 2: Make sure that the side tabs have locked the RAM module. Visually check
forexposed contacts.
 Repeat these steps for additional RAM modules.

Install the Motherboard

 Step 1: Install standoffs in the computer case.
 Step 2: Align the I/O connectors on the back of the motherboard with the openings
in theback of the case.
 Step 3: Align the screw holes of the motherboard with the standoffs.
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  Step 4: Insert all of the motherboard screws.

 Step 5: Tighten all of the motherboard screws.

Install Internal DrivesHDD installation:
 Step 1: Position the HDD so that it aligns with the 3.5-inch drive bay.
 Step 2: Insert the HDD into the drive bay so that the screw holes in the drive
line up with thescrew holes in the case.
 Step 3: Secure the HDD to the case using the proper screws.

Install the Optical Drive

 Step 1: Position the optical drive so that it aligns with the 5.25-inch drive bay.
 Step 2: Insert the optical drive into the drive bay so that the optical drive screw holes
align with the screw holes in the case.

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Install the Video Adapter Card
Step 1: Remove the expansion slot case blank.
Step 2: Align the video adapter card with the appropriate expansion slot on the
motherboard.
Step 3: Press down gently on the video adapter card until the card is fully seated.
Step 4: Secure the video adapter card PC mounting bracket to the case with the
appropriatescrew.

Connect All Internal Cables

Motherboard power cable installation:

Step 1: Align the 20-pin ATX power connector with the socket on the motherboard.
Step 2: Align the 4-pin AUX power connector with the socket on the motherboard.

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 Step 1: Plug the SATA power connector into the HDD.
Step 2: Plug the Molex power connector into the optical drive.
Step 3: Connect the 3-pin fan power connector into the appropriate fan header on the
motherboard, according to the motherboard manual.

External cable installation:

Step 1: Attach the monitor cable to the video port.
Step 2: Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Step 3: Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 /USB keyboard port.
Step 4: Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2/USB mouse port.
Step 5: Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Step 6: Plug the network cable into the network port. Step 8: Plug the power cable into
the power supply.

Result:
Thus you have successfully assemble a system with add on cards in your computer.

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Aim:
To install a new hard disk drive in your computer.
Procedure:
1. Remove the case panels. You may need a screwdriver, but most newer computers
have thumb screws.

2. Insert your new drive into the 3.5” bay.

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 3. Secure the hard drive. Once the hard drive has been inserted, use the screws that
camewith it to secure the hard drive in the housing.

4. Attach the drive to the motherboard. Use a IDE/SATA cable to connect the hard
drive to the motherboard.

5. Connect the power supply to the hard drive.

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 6. Finally close up the cabinet cover.

Result:
Thus you have successfully installed a new hard disk drive in your computer.

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Aim:
To configure a CMOS setup.

Procedure:
 Most types of Windows-based and Linux-based computers, ranging from
personaloffice computers to workstations, have CMOS settings.
 Several of these settings modify how a computer's hard drives work, including
howthe system identifies the drives and which drives it uses to boot the system.
1. Turn on the computer and entering into BIOS program by pressing F2 key.
2. Choose startup menu select startup sequence to determine HDD is detected.
3. In most cases, SATA drives use AHCI -- Advanced Host Controller Interface.
This mode offers performance improvements over the older system, IDE --
Integrated Drive Electronics.
4. The hard drive priority setting changes the order in which the system
identifies hard drives, instructing the system which drive contains the
operating system in computers with multiple hard drives.
5. The boot order, sometimes titled "boot device priority," determines the order
the computer checks devices for an operating system or boot disc. These
devices include the hard drive, the DVD drive and the USB ports.
6. Press F10 to save the changes & exit.

Result:
Thus the configuration of CMOS Set up in hard disk drive was completed.

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Aim:
To Partition and Format Hard Disk.
Procedure:
1. To open the Disk Management tool, click Start . In the Search field, type
Partition.Then click Create and format hard disk partitions.
2. The Disk Management tool opens and displays information about the data
storagedevices on the computer.

3. Right-click the Unallocated partition. In the menu that displays, click New
SimpleVolume...
4. The New Simple Volume Wizard displays. To continue, click Next.

5. The Specify Volume Size window displays. Type in the volume size, or click Next
toaccept the default setting.
6. The Assign Drive Letter or Path window displays. Select a drive letter and click
next.
7. The Format Partition window displays. To name the drive, type a name in the
Volumelabel box. Then click Next.
8. The settings window displays. Click Finish.
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 9. When the format is complete, the new drive shows in the Disk Management utility.

Result:
Thus the partition and format the hard disk drive was completed.

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Aim:
To identify and implement the master / slave in IDE devices.
IDE CHANNELS:
The normal motherboard has two connectors, one for each channel that data moves
through to the motherboard. Each of these channels supports two IDE hard drives, set one
as Master and the other as Slave. At this point that there exist other devices that will
connect as IDE devices, such as Internal Zip drives and Internal CD Rom drives. These IDE
devices are all configured the same as a hard drive. This is a diagram of a Master and
Slave configuration on an IDE channel:

Master and Slave drives:

Both drives share one ribbon data cable back to the controller; in this case the
controller is part of the motherboard. In order for the drives to reside together on a single
ribbon cable using one channel, either the Primary channel or Secondary Channel, the
drives must be configured, one as Master and the other as Slave. The Primary Master
drive is always "C", .Then the Primary Slave drive is the "D" drive, as the Secondary Master
is the "E" drive and the Secondary Slave is the "F" drive... or like this:
 C drive = Primary Master
 D drive = Primary Slave
 E drive = Secondary Master
 F drive = Secondary Slave
Configuring an IDE drive to be either Master or Slave is done with the jumper pins on the
drive; these pins are nearly always between the Power connector and the IDE ribbon cable
connector. Each manufacturer has different pin configurations for either Single drive in a
computer, Master or Slave. Most often Single drive and Master are the same setting. You
simply determine the jumper settings right on the drive label, such as this:

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Ribbon Data Cable:
Now that the drive is seated in the case and fastened, it is time to attach the Ribbon
Data cable. The ribbon cable normally has three 40pin connectors, one for the controller
and two for hard drives, master and slave. Since all motherboards since the advent of PCI
486 motherboards have included onboard IDE controllers.
Now, we connect one of the other connectors on the ribbon cable to the hard
drive into the 40pin slot. We also need to be sure that the stripe side of the cable is
adjacent to pin#1 on the drive. If you are unsure, refer to your hard drive manual again.
Usually, pin#1is the side toward the power connector.

Power Cable:
The only remaining cable to connect is the power cable inside the case. Find a
power connector that matches the drive's connector and press it into place. It will only go
into the connector one direction, based on the design of the plug and connector.

Result:
Thus we have identified and implemented the master / slave in IDE devices.

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Viva questions:
1. What is a Hard Disk Partition?
A hard disk partition is a defined storage space on a hard drive. Most
operating systems allow users to divide a hard disk into multiple partitions, in
effect making one physical hard disk into several smaller logical hard disks.
2. List out some HDD manufacturer?
 Hitachi- Today, Hitachi offers a full line of 2.5-inch ATA hard drives for
notebook computers with capacities ranging from 2.16 GB to 18 GB. The newest
2.5-inch products use state-of-the-art component technologies, including GMR
heads and digital MEEPRML read channels to achieve higher data density and
faster data throughput.
 HP - Hewlett Packard -hp: Making technology accessible through simple
appliances, useful e-services and an Internet infrastructure that's always on.
View information about hp printers, computers, PCs, scanners, servers,
workstations, storage devices, drivers, downloads
 IBM Microdrive family of one-inch disk drives - Our revolutionary one-inch
Microdrive stores up to one gigabyte in CF+ Type II format for use in digital
cameras, handheld personal computers, PDAs, and other consumer
electronics.
 Samsung Electronics- Samsung offers a complete line of HDD products. Out
high quality HDD offer high performance audio output, and unsurpassed
storage capacity.
 Seagate Technology- Seagate Technology, Inc. is a leading provider of
technology and products enabling people to store, access, and manage
information. The Company is committed to providing best-in-class
products to help people get information when, where and how they want it.
Seagate is the world's largest manufacturer of disc drives, magnetic discs and
read-write heads, an innovator in tape drives, and a leading developer of
Business Intelligence software.
 Western Digital - Western Digital Corporation is a leader in hard drive
manufacturing for desktop computers and home entertainment electronic
products. The company's products are marketed to systems manufacturers
and resellersunder the Western Digital brand name.

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 3. What is FDISK?
A DOS and Windows utility that prepares a hard disk for formatting by
creatingone primary partition on the disk
4. Why need disk formatting?
Disk formatting the process of preparing a hard disk or other storage
mediumfor use, including setting up an empty file system

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Aim:
To practice with the scan disk, disk cleanup, disk defragmenter, virus detecting
and rectifying software.
Procedure:
Scan Disk Utility:
Scan Disk is a Windows utility which detects and corrects errors. The utility was
integrated into the operating system.
 Open "My Computer or Computer" in Windows OS versions.
 Right-click the drive that you want to check.

 Click Properties.
 Choose the "Tools" tab from the hard drive properties window. The Scandisk utility
can be activated from the Error-checking box at the top of the Tools tab. To begin,
click the "Check Now" button.
 You will want to choose the "Automatically Fix File System Errors" box. This will
perform a basic fast scan of the drive, which will take only a few minutes.
 Wait for Windows to finish running Scandisk and view the report. Scandisk will tell
you what errors it found and fixed.
Disk Cleanup Utility:
Disk Cleanup is available on both Home and Professional versions of XP and higher
versions.
 Click Start |All Programs | Accessories | System Tools | Disk Cleanup
 Use the drop down menu arrow to select the drive you want to clean.
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  Click [OK] and Disk Cleanup will analyze the selected drive to determine the
amountof space that can be freed.
 Once the drive analysis is complete a list of file categories will be presented for
your selection.

 Instead of automatically proceeding with cleanup once the drive analysis is

complete, Disk Cleanup allows you to review the categories of files that can be
deleted. After all the categories have been reviewed, click [OK] to begin the disk
cleanup process.
1. Open Disk Defragmenter by clicking the Start button. In the search box,
type Disk Defragmenter, and then, in the list of results, click Disk
Defragmenter.
2. Under Current status, select the disk you want to defragment.
3. To determine if the disk needs to be defragmented or not, click Analyze
disk.
4. Once Windows is finished analyzing the disk, you can check the percentage
of fragmentation on the disk in the Last Run column. If the number is
above 10%, youshould defragment the disk.
5. Click Defragment disk.
6. Once the process is complete, the graphic should display most of the
contiguous files on the left and the majority of the free space on the right.
Close the Disk Defragmenter window and resume using your computer.

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Virus Detecting and Rectifying Software
 Download the McAfee 8.5i antivirus software. And double click Setup.exe like below.
 Now the setup processes will being to process.
 At the welcome screen of the installation wizard click next to continue.
 Now the wizard requires the acceptance of license agreement and the type of the
licenseexpiry.
 In here you must select the type of the installation and also select the
destinationlocation of the installation.
 In here select the access of protection either standard or maximum protection.
Normallyyou must select the Standard protection and click next.
 Now the wizard is ready to install a setup files into your system and click install
buttonto begin.
 Now the wizard copying the installation files and drivers into your system.
 After the completion of copying a new files the wizard require to the
updating asoftware. Select Update Now option and click finish.
 Now the McAfee Auto update will be start and download the new setup files
from theinternet. Click close to finish the update.
 After the update of software you must restart your computer. Click yes to
reboot thecomputer.
 Now the McAfee icon will be shown in the system try. Right click the icon and
selectthe option as Virus Scan Console….
 From the Virus Scan Console select the Full Scan Task and click Start in the tool bar.
 Now the scanning progress will be started.
 During the time of installation the viruses are detected and removed
simultaneously. Atthe ends of scanning click close to terminate.

Result:
Thus the scan disk, disk cleanup, disk defragmenter and virus detecting
software waspracticed.

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Aim:
To create the system restore points in windows for system recovery.
Procedure:

1. Start my computer right click- properties

2. On the System Protection tab in System Properties, select Create

3. Type a description for the restore point, and then select Create and OK.

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 4. Finally created a restore point in the sysem.

Result
Thus the System restore points in Windows for system recovery was created.

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Aim:
To install and configuring a DVD writer and Blu-ray Disc writer.
Requirements:

1. Compatible Blu-ray/DVD.
2. 4 securing screws (supplied with your CD Recorder / DVD Writer).
3. Cross-point (Philips) Screwdriver suitable for your PC case.
4. SATA Cable (if required).
5. Anti-Static Wrist-strap (if available).
Procedure:
Installing a Blu-ray Drive/DVD in a Computer
Step 1: Unplug the AC power cord from the computer and disconnect any other cables
connected to the machine.

Step 2: Loosen and remove the screws on the rear of the computer securing the access
panelcover on the side of the case.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Step 3: Lay the computer on its side so that the motherboard is facing upward. Select an
empty 5.25-inch bay in the top of the computer case.

Step 4: Orient the Blu-ray/DVD drive so that you can see plastic jumper caps on the rear.
Step 5: Slide the drive in from the front of your computer. Use the screwdriver to tighten
them.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Step 6: Connect the SATA/IDE data cable to the connector on the rear Blu-ray/DVD of the
drive. Connect the other end of the cable to an empty SATA/IDE port on the motherboard.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Step 7: Connect the power supply to the Blu-ray/DVD drive.

Step 9: Reassemble the computer and power it back on.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Result:
Thus the Blu-ray and DVD writers are installed and configured successfully.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Aim:
To recording a blank DVD and Blu-ray disc
Procedure:
1. Click StartAll ProgramsCyber link Power2go9.
2. Select the desired type of disc from the Burning task window such as DVD/BD
3. Select the file/folders that you want to burn from file browser area.
4. Drag the file/folders into the disc content area.

5. Click next button. Now select burn to start recording.

Result:
Thus the blank Blu-ray-disc and DVD was recorded and verified.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

Aim:
To install and configure a dot-matrix, inkjet printer & laser printer on personal
computer

Procedure:
1. Click the Start button, and then, on the Start menu, click Devices and Printers.
2. Click Add a printer.

3. In the Add Printer wizard, click Add a local printer.

4. On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port button
and the select printer port as USB001(Virtual printer port for USB), and then click
Next.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical

5. On the Install the printer driver page, select the printer manufacturer and model,
andthen click Next.
 If your printer isn't listed, click Windows Update, and then wait while Windows
checks for additional drivers.
 If none are available and you have the installation CD, click Have Disk, and then
browse to the folder where the printer driver is located.

 After selection respective printer manufacturer and its type or the location of
the software from user, then click next to continue.
 From the above wizard give the name of the printer
 Now the wizard requires the printer sharing option. If you want share the
printer thenchoose the share option and give the name for sharing.
 In here the user must give the location of the printer on a network and
also willprovide the comment about the printer, then Next to Continue.

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 Computer Hardware and Networking Practical
 At this point the wizard required the Test Page Print for confirm the printer
was installed properly. Choose Yes and click Next
 Click Finish to complete the installation and now the printer is successfully
installed.

Result:
Thus the dot matrix, inkjet and laser printers are installed and configured
successfully.

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Aim:
To study about the common troubleshooting of dot matrix, inkjet and laser
printers.
Troubleshooting Laser Printers:
Problem : Blank pages
The sealing tape or tab may not have been removed from your toner cartridge.
 Solution: Remove the sealing tape or tab and re-install the cartridge. Your toner
cartridge could be empty.
 Solution: Replace the toner cartridge.
Problem : Black pages
Your toner cartridge could be installed improperly.
 Solution: Reinstall the toner cartridge. If it still doesn't work, replace thecartridge.
Problem: Thin, dark, vertical black lines
Your toner cartridge could be empty or defective.
 Solution: Check the cartridge and replace if necessary.
Problem: Light or faded print
Your toner cartridge could be empty or low.
 Solution: Replace the toner cartridge.
Troubleshooting Dot Matrix Printers
 Problem: If a dot matrix printer shuts down and recovers frequently
 It may be having problems with its "thermistor". A thermistor is a device
usedto keep the printer from overheating.
 Solution: Try replacing this part before you replace the entire print head.
 Problem: Print quality is poor
 First check the ribbon for wear. Also examine the print head spacing.
 Solution: Replace the ribbon cartridge. Otherwise replace the print head.
 Problem: Prints garbage
 Solutions: This usually happens because the wrong printer driver is
installed.

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 Problem : Refuses to print

 Solutions: The cables are not connected correctly, the printer driver
isunselected, or the Select button on the printer isn't pressed.
 Problem : Parts of characters missing
 A pin is stuck.
 Solutions: Have the print head repaired or replaced.
 Problem : Fading print
 The ribbon is old, or there may be bad print head spacing adjustment.
 Solution: Replace the ribbon cartridge.
Troubleshooting inkjet Printers
 Remove the new cartridge. Leave the cartridge on a clean surface in order not to
damage the unit
 Turn the printer off button using its power button and unplug your printer as well
from the power plug. ...
 Plug your printer back in at the wall. ...
 Insert your new Inkjetsclub cartridges

Result:
Thus the troubleshooting of dot matrix and laser printer was studied

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Aim:
i) Install and configure Scanner
ii) Install and configure Web cam and bio-metric device
Procedure:

Install and configure Scanner

1. Connect the scanner to computer through the USB port
2. Turn the scanner on.
3. Insert the scanner driver CD in your CD drive.
4. Install the driver software.
5. Place any picture or document on the scanner and close the cover.
6. Go to windows Desktop, right click and open the scanner software.

7. Select ‘scan picture’ option then select ‘Picture to HP Photo smart Option as
below window.

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8. Select saving place using ‘Browse’ option and click ok.

9. Wait for a few minutes to complete the scanning work. Click finish.

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10. Now the scanned picture saved in My scan.

Install and configure Web cam and bio-metric device

WEBCAM
1. Web camera is a plug and play device. The device driver software is automatically
installed when you connect the Web camera to PC through the USB port.
2. Click start, go to my computer.
3. Now you can view ‘use video device’ under scanner and camera option.
4. Double click on the ‘use video device’ option, Use Video Device window will open.
5. Click ‘take a new picture’ option. Now the captured picture displayed in the
bottom of the same window.
6. Right click on the captured picture and select save to My picture option.
7. Now the captured picture saved in My Picture.
BIO– METRIC DEVICE

1. Plug in the bio- metric device.

2. Install the necessary device drivers for the software.
3. Open the software, choose the file format and select the finger for taking finger
print impression.
4. Press the thumb on the device.
5. The process will start and the finger print is displayed in the window.
6. Save the fingerprint as image file format.

Result:

Thus the scanner, webcam and bio- metric device are installed and configured.

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Aim:
To study about the cable crimping.
Cable Crimping:
You will need the following tools and supplies to build your own Ethernet cables:
1. UTP cable (Category 5 or better)
2. RJ-45 connectors
3. Wire stripper
4. RJ-45 crimping tool
Follow these steps for creating your own twisted-pair cables:
1. Determine how long your UTP cable should be.
2. Roll out the appropriate length of cable.
3. Cut the cable cleanly from the box of wire.
4. Use the wire stripper to strip the insulation jacket off the cable to expose
the UTPwires.

5. Check the outer jacket and inner UTP wires for nicks; adjust the stripper tool and
repeatsteps 3 and 4 if you see damage.
6. Arrange the wires according to the EIA 568B standard

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7. Trim the wire edges so the eight wires are even with one another and are slightly
less than 1/2 inch past the end of the jacket.
8. With the clip side of the RJ-45 plug facing away from you, push the cable into
place. Verify that the wires are arranged according to the EIA/TIA 568B standard
before you crimp the plug onto the wires. Adjust the connection as needed.

9. Use the crimping tool to squeeze the RJ-45 plug onto the cable. The end of the
cableshould be tight enough to resist being removed by hand.
10. Repeat steps 4-9 for the other end of the cable.
11. Label each cable with the following information:
 Wiring standard
 Length
 End with crossover (if any)

Result:
Thus we have studied about the cable crimping in detailed.

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Aim:
To make a standard cabling for connecting a PC and Network device with the help
of unshielded twisted pair cable.
Procedure:
1. Start with an approximately 1-meter length of CAT5 UTP cable.
2. Using wire strippers, remove about 3 cm of the outer insulating jacket at each
end of thecable.
3. Separate each pair of wires and put them in the correct order of sequence
according tothe EIA/TIA specification.
End A Cable End B
Pin Wire Color Pin
1 orange-white 1
2 orange 2
3 green-white 3
4 blue 4
5 blue-white 5
6 green 6
7 brown-white 7
8 brown 8
4. Trim the wires to about 1.5 cm from the outer insulating jacket.
5. With the hook side of the RJ45 connector facing down, slide the wires all the way
into the connector. Push the outer insulating jacket into the connector just past
the first crimping point.
6. Place the RJ45 connector into the crimping tool. Firmly pull the handle of the tool
until the wires are crimped into place.
7. The connector should crimp each of the wires tightly, and the connector should
bind theouter jacket.
8. To make a complete cable, repeat the steps above and add a connector to the
other end of the cable.
9. The following figure can be representing the straight cabling.

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Result:
Thus we had made the standard cabling in unshielded twisted pair cable for
the purpose of connecting PC and Network device.

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Aim:
To make a cross over cabling for connecting two PC’s with the help of
unshielded
twisted pair cable.
Procedure:
1. Start with an approximately 2-meter length of CAT5 UTP cable.
2. Using wire strippers, remove about 3 cm of the outer insulating jacket at each
end of thecable.
3. Separate each pair of wires on one end and put them in the correct order of
sequenceaccording to the EIA/TIA specification as shown in following table.
End A Cable End B
Pin Name Wire Color Pin Name
1 TX+ orange-white 3 RX+
2 TX- orange 6 RX-
3 RX+ green-white 1 TX+
4 Termination blue 4 Termination
5 Termination blue-white 5 Termination
6 RX- green 2 TX-
7 Termination brown-white 7 Termination
8 Termination brown 8 Termination

4. Snip the wires to about 1.5 cm from the outer insulating jacket.
5. With the hook side of the RJ45 connector facing down, slide the wires all the way
into the connector. Push the outer insulating jacket into the connector just past
the first crimping point.
6. Place the RJ45 connector into the crimping tool. Firmly pull the handle of the tool
until the wires are crimped into place.
7. Each of the wires should be crimped tightly by the connector, and the outer
jacket should be bound by the connector.

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8. On the end of the cable, separate the wires and arrange them according to the
EIA/TIAspecification.
9. The following figure can be representing the cross over cabling method.

Result:
Thus we had made the cross over cabling in unshielded twisted pair cable
for thepurpose of connecting two PC’s or two similar Network devices.

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Aim:
To test the crimped cable using a cable tester.

Procedure:
A network cable tester is a device that's used to verify whether an Ethernet
computer network cable is working properly. If you are troubleshooting networking
issues, testing yourEthernet cable is a good place to start.

3.

1. Take the network cable to be tested.

2. Plug one end of the cable into the "Master" Ethernet input on the network cable
tester and the other end into the "Remote" input on the network cable tester.
3. Press the "on/off" button on the network cable tester. The tester will send a
signal across the Ethernet cable. If the signal gets from one end of the cable to the
other, the tester will let you know if the test was successful, by displaying a green
light, or “Off” for unsuccessfully.
4. Replace the Ethernet cable. If the test was unsuccessful, replace the bad Ethernet
cable with a good one.

Result:
Thus the cable testing by using cable tester was successfully completed.

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Aim:
To configure Host IP, subnet Mask and Default gateway in a system in LAN.
Procedure:
IP address can be configured by two ways. They are:
 Manual configuration
 Dynamic configuration
Manual Configuration
To configure IP address manually, follow the following steps:
1. Click the Start button  Control Panel  Network and Sharing Center. The
Network andSharing window appears.
2. Click the View status link for the Local Area Connection. The Local Area
ConnectionStatus window appears.

3. Click Properties. The Local Area Connection Properties window appears.

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4. Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) component, and then click
Properties.The Internet Protocol Version window appears.

5. Then, select Use the following IP address and put the IP address, Subnet mask.
Otherwise Click the Obtain an IP address automatically and select Obtain DNS
server address automatically.

6. At last, click on OK and finished configuring the IP address.

Result:
Thus the configuration of Host IP, subnet Mask and Default gateway in a system
in LAN was successfully completed.
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Aim:
To configure Internet connection and use IPCONFIG, PING / Tracert and
Netstat utilities to debug the network issues.
Procedure:
Working with IPCONFIG, PING / Tracert and Netstat utilitiesipconfig
Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS)
settings.
Syntax:

ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]] [/flushdns] [/displaydns]

[/registerdns] [/showclassid Adapter] [/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]]

Options:
/all - Show detailed information
/renew -renew all adapters
/renew EL* - renew any connection that has it name
starting withEL
/release *Con* - release all matching connections.
/all compartments -Show information about all compartments
/all compartments /all Show - detailed information about all compartments

PING
Ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to troubleshoot connectivity, reach
ability, andname resolution. Used without parameters, ping displays help.
Syntax

ping [-t] [-a] [-n Count] [-l Size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r Count] [-s Count] [{-
j HostList | -k HostList}] [-w Timeout] [TargetName]

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Options:
-t -Ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue
–type Control- Break; to stop - type Control-C.
-a -Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count - Number of echo requests to send.
-l size -Send buffer size.
-f -Set Don't Fragment flag in packet (IPv4-only).
-i TTL -Time To Live.
-v TOS -Type Of Service (IPv4-only).
-r count -Record route for count hops (IPv4-only).
-s count -Timestamp for count hops (IPv4-only).
-j host -list Loose source route along host-list (IPv4-only).
-k host -list Strict source route along host-list (IPv4-only).
-w timeout -Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
-R -Use routing header to test reverse route also (IPv6-only).
-S srcaddr -Source address to use.
-4 - Force using IPv4.
-6 - Force using IPv6.
Tracert :
The TRACERT diagnostic utility determines the route to a destination by sending
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo packets to the destination. In these
packets, TRACERT uses varying IP Time-To-Live (TTL) values.
Syntax:

tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] [-R] [-S srcaddr] [-4]
[-6] target_name
Options:
-d - Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops - Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list - Loose source route along host-list (IPv4-only).
-w timeout - Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
-R - Trace round-trip path (IPv6-only).
-S srcaddr - Source address to use (IPv6-only).
-4 - Force using IPv4.
-6 - Force using IPv6.
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Netstat
Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening,
Ethernetstatistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics, and IPv6 statistics
Syntax:

netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]

Options:
-a - Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on
which the computer is listening.
-e - Displays Ethernet statistics, such as the number of bytes and packets sent
andreceived. This parameter can be combined with -s.
-n - Displays active TCP connections, however, addresses and port numbers
areexpressed numerically and no attempt is made to determine names.
-o - Displays active TCP connections and includes the process ID (PID) for
eachconnection.
-p Protocol - Shows connections for the protocol specified by Protocol. In this case,
the Protocol can be tcp, udp, tcpv6, or udpv6
-s - Displays statistics by protocol. By default, statistics are shown for the TCP,
UDP, ICMP, and IP protocols.
-r - Displays the contents of the IP routing table. This is equivalent to the
routeprint command.
Interval - Redisplays the selected information every Interval seconds. Press CTRL+C
to stop the redisplay.

Result:
Thus the configuration of Internet connection and use IPCONFIG, PING /
Tracert and Netstat utilities to debug the network issues was successfully completed.

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Aim:
To installing and configure network devices with the help of hub, switch and router.
Procedure:
Installing a Hub
1. Installing a Hub/Switch
a. Place the hub/Switch in a centralized area of the network place.
b. Connect all the other end of the network cable into the respective ports in
thehub/switch.
c. Give the power supply to the connectivity device with the help of power adapter.
d. After that the connectivity device LED’s will glow for indicate the signal is
received.
2. After installing a cable and the connectivity device we should do the following steps,
a. To Assign IP address to the system. To configure IP address manually, follow
thefollowing steps:
i. Click the Start button  Control Panel  Network and Sharing Center.
TheNetwork and Sharing window appears.
ii. Click the View status link for the Local Area Connection. The Local Area
Connection Status window appears.
iii. Click Properties. The Local Area Connection Properties window appears.
iv. Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) component, and then
clickProperties. The Internet Protocol Version window appears.
v. Then, select Use the following IP address and put the IP address, Subnet
mask.
vi. At last, click on OK and finished configuring the IP address.
b. To create work group.
i. Click the "Start" button, right-click on "Computer" and select
"Properties" from the context menu to open the "System and Security"
window.

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ii. Click "Advanced system settings" to open the System Properties dialog.

iii. Select the "Computer Name" tab, and then click "Change" to open the
Computer Name/Domain Changes dialog.
iv. Mark the "Workgroup" radio button, and then type the name of
the newworkgroup in the text field.
v. Click "OK" to create the workgroup.
Installing a Router
1. Launch a browser and type the router's IP address in the browser's address bar and
press Enter.
The address is one of the following by default:http://192.168.0.1

http://192.168.1.1

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2. A login window displays, prompting you to enter your username and password.
3. Enter the default login credentials:Username.admin
Password. Password
Note: The login credentials are case-sensitive. You are logged in to the router's user
interface.
4. From there, go to the advanced section and go to LAN Setup.
5. Change the IP Address to 192.168.0.1 and change the subnet mask to 255.255.248.0
then click Apply. Wait 30 seconds.
6. After the 30 seconds, unplug power to your modem and then unplug power to your
router.

Result:
Thus the PC’s are interfaced with the help connectivity device such as hub,
switchand router.

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Aim:
To Install and Configure Wired and Wireless NIC and transfer files between
systems
Procedure:
To configure your router for a Network connection:

1. Launch a browser and type the router's IP address in the browser's address bar and
press Enter.
The address is one of the following by default:http://192.168.0.1
http://192.168.1.1
2. A login window displays, prompting you to enter your username and password.
3. Enter the default login credentials:Username.admin
Password. Password
Note: The login credentials are case-sensitive. You are logged in to the router's user
interface.
4. From there, go to the advanced section and go to LAN Setup.
5. Change the IP Address to 192.168.0.1 and change the subnet mask to 255.255.248.0
then click Apply. Wait 30 seconds.
6. After the 30 seconds, unplug power to your modem and then unplug power to your
router.

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i) To configure Wireless Network.Hardware Requirement:

 Wireless Adapter
 Wireless Router
 Resource CD (Router)
Procedure:
1. Insert the wireless adapter into the USB port on both systems.
2. Then the wireless adapter requires the driver from the user and install driver.
3. Now you must restart your system.
4. To Change the workgroup name as MSPVL and IP address (192.168.1.1,
subnetmask 255.255.248.0).
5. Open Wireless Network Connection Properties from the Network
connectionwindow.
6. Choose Wireless Networks tab and check the option as Use Windows to
configuremy wireless network settings then click Ok.
7. Now you can access your remote computer with the help of wireless network.
ii) To Configure Wired NetworkHardware Requirement:
 Wireless Router
 Network switch
Procedure:
1. Switch on the computer.
2. Now connect the computer with network switch through RJ45 Jacked Twisted
Paircable.
3. Right click the My computer and select Properties from the popup Menu.
4. Then Change the workgroup name as MSPVL
5. Then select LAN from the following Start Control PanelNetwork
andInternetNetwork and Sharing Center.
6. Then select the Local Area connection link and then select the properties to
change thegiven IP address (192.168.2.1, subnet mask 255.255.248.0).
7. Press Ok button to exit from the settings.
8. To connect the Router and switch using a RJ45 Direct Cable.
9. Now you can access your remote computer with the wireless Connectivity.
Result:
Thus the wired and wireless networks a r e successfully connected and
shared their Resources through a router.

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Aim:
To transfer files between systems in LAN using FTP Configuration and install
a Printer in a LAN and share it on the network.
Procedure:
 Open Server Manager, go to Roles and click “Add Roles”

 In the Add Role Wizard, select Web Server (IIS) role to install

 Click Next until you reach Select Role Services page, leave the default and check

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FTP Server, FTP Service and FTP Extensibility at the bottom. Click Next follow the
wizard and finish the role installation.

 Now open IIS Manager from Start  Administrative Tools, expand the server,
right click Sites, and click Add FTP Site, give it a site name and configure the
physical path as needed.

 Configure Binding and SSL. In our case, we’d like to bind to all unassigned IP
addresses and do not use SSL.

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 Enable Basic Authentication and configure authorization. In our case I’ll start
with allowing All users both Read and Write permission as long as all users on
the server arepassword protected.

 Click Finish to finish the configuration.

Client Side:
1. Open command prompt with the help of Run from the Start menu.
2. In the command prompt type ftp. Ex. C:\>ftp and hit Enter.
3. Now the command prompt will show the prompt as ftp>.
4. In the ftp the following commands are used to execute the process,
a. ftp>open IP address / server computer
nameex.
ftp>open 192.168.50.1 or ftp>open muruga.mspvlnet.local
b. ftp>ls
c. ftp>dir – These commands are used to view the list of directories are
available in the default directory.
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d. ftp>get and ftp>put – These command are used to respectively copy the file
from the remote computer to working computer and copy the file from
working computer to remote computer.
e. ftp>quit – This command is used to exit from the ftp command prompt.
f. ftp>close IP address / server computer name – This command is used to
close the FTP connection between the remote computers.
Print Server configuration:
1. Open Server Manager and navigate to roles. Select ‘Add Roles’ in the right pane.

2. Select Next to begin in the ‘Add Roles Wizard’.

3. Locate and select ‘Print and Document Services’ role. and click Next

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 Select ‘print server’ and click next.

 Select ‘Install’ to install the role services.
 Once installed click Close to complete the installation.
Printer installation and configuration
1. Go to start  Administrative tools  Print Management Print Server Expand
Server namePrinters  Right Click and select add printer

2. Select ‘Add a new printer using an existing port’ option and select ‘Next’.
3. Select ‘Use an existing printer driver on the computer’ and select the printer from
the dropdown.
 Enter an friendly name for the printer; you have the option to share the
printer at thispoint.
 Select the Check box share this Printer and after a share name to accessing
a printer innetwork.
4. Select Next to begin installing the network printer.
5. It is advisable to print a test page. To do this select the ‘Print test page’
option and select‘Finish’. A test document should now be printing.

Result:
Thus the FTP connection was configured in the windows server 2003 and
connects the systems remotely and Printer Installation and Sharing was successfully
completed.

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PART B – SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION PRACTICAL

Aim:
To Install Windows Server 2013.
Procedure:
Windows Server 2013 R2 builds on the award-winning foundation of Windows
Server 2013, expanding existing technology and adding new features to enable
organizations to increase the reliability and flexibility of their server infrastructures.
New virtualization tools, Web resources, management enhancements, and exciting
Windows 7 integration help save time, reduce costs, and provide a platform for a
dynamic and efficiently managed data center. Powerful tools such as Internet
Information Services (IIS) version 7.5, updated Server Manager and Hyper-V platforms
and Windows Power Shell version 2.0 combine to give customers greater control,
increased efficiency, and the ability to react to front-line business needs faster than
ever before.
Let's take a quick look how we can install Windows 2013 R2 in a couple of minutes.

Component Requirement
Minimum: 1.4 GHz (x64 processor)
Processor Note: An Intel Itanium 2 processor is required for Windows
Server 2013 forItanium-Based Systems
Minimum: 512 MB RAM
Memory Maximum: 8 GB (Foundation) or 32 GB (Standard) or 2 TB
(Enterprise,Datacenter, and Itanium-Based Systems)
Minimum: 32 GB or greater Foundation: 10 GB or greater
Disk Space Note: Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM will require
Requirements more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files

Display Super VGA (800 X 600) or higher resolution monitor

Other DVD Drive, Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse (or compatible pointing
device), Internet access (fees may apply)

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1. You need to boot from Windows server 2013 CD/DVD first screen as follows here
youneed to select language and keyboard input click next
2. Next screen shows you welcome screen click install now
3. If you have the product key enter and click next
4. Select your windows server 2013 product version and check box at the bottom of
thescreen click next.
5. Accept the license click next
6. You need to click on custom installation
7. Now you need to create you hard drive partitions
8. This will start the installation process
9. Windows server 2013 installation process completed now it will automatically
rebootyour server
10. After rebooting you should see similar to the following screen here you need to click
onok.
11. Enter administrator password two times and click on arrow mark –>
12. Password changed successfully and you can login now.

Result:
Thus the Windows Server 2013 was Successfully Installed.

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Aim:
To Install DHCP Server in Windows Server 2013.
Procedure:
1. Log on to Windows Server 2013 R2 computer with the domain administrator or
enterprise administrator account credentials on which DHCP server is to be
installedand configured.
2. Make sure that the computer has been assigned with a static IP address.
3. Ensure that the DNS server is available anywhere in the network and is
properlyconfigured.
4. On the desktop screen, click Server Manager Icon from the taskbar.
5. On the Server Manager window, click Add Roles.
6. On Add Roles Wizard window, click next.
7. On Select Server Roles page, from the Roles list, check DHCP Server checkbox and
click next.
8. On the DHCP Server page, click next.
9. On Select Network Connection Bindings page, make sure that the IP address
representing the network connection that is to be bound is checked from the
NetworkConnections list.
10. Click Next to continue.
11. On Specify IPv4 DNS Server Settings page, populate the Preferred DNS serer IPv4
address and optional Alternate DNS server IPv4 address fields with the correct
values.
12. Once specified, click Validate to confirm the availability of DNS server and click Next.
13. On Specify IPv4 WINS Server Settings page, leave everything as default and click
Next.
14. On Add or Edit DHCP Scopes page, click Add.
15. On Add Scope box, populate the Scope name, Starting IP address, and Ending IP
address fields with the desired values and click OK.
16. On Configure DHCPv6 Stateless Mode page, leave everything as default and click
Next.

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17. On Specify IPv6 DNS Server Settings page, leave everything as default (assuming
that the network setup doesn’t have IPv6 addressing scheme) and click Next to
proceed.
18. On Authorize DHCP Server page, make sure that the Use current credentials radio
button is selected.
19. Click Next to proceed.
20. On Confirm Installation Selections page, review the settings and click Install to
start theDHCP installation and configuration process.
21. Once installed, click Close on the Installation Results page.
22. Close Server Manager window when done.
Client side configurationClient System
1. To Assign the IP address, click StartControl Panel Network and Sharing
CenterChange adapter settings  Local area Connection
2. Right click on its and click properties then choose Internet protocol version 4
(TCP/IP) and click Properties.
3. Choose “Obtain IP Address automatically” option
4. Choose “Use the following DNS server address” option and give the server IP
Addressin preferred DNS Server text box and click ok.
5. Click the details button to verify the IP address is assigned automatically by DHCP
server

Result:
Thus the Installation of DHCP Server in Windows Server 2013 was
successfullycompleted.

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Aim:
To install and configuration of Mail Server in windows 2008 R2 server
environment.
Procedure:
Mail Enable Installation Step:
1. Run the installation.exe file by double clicking on the install program. The installation
program will then guide you through the rest of the installation process.

2. Once you commence installation the following note will appear. This is just to inform
you that Mail Enable will try to access the internet once installation is completed.
Read the note and click [OK] to continue.

3. The welcome screen informs that you are installing Mail Enable Messaging Services. It
also provides a warning outlining the copyright protection of the Mail Enable product
suite. If you wish to continue installing the application, click on the Next button.

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4. The ‘Terms and Conditions’ dialog box explains the licensing terms and conditions of
installing and using the Mail Enable product suite. Please click the [Next] button to
continue.

5. The installation program will always install the core mail services, such as SMTP, POP
and IMAP. For the web mail client, the web administration and migration services,
these are optional. If you are not needing to use these services, unselect the options.
You can add them later if needed by reinstalling the software over the top of an
existing installation.

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6. Setup will now prompt you to nominate where it will install its program files. By
default, Mail Enable will install itself under the “Program Files” directory. You can
change to a different directory by clicking on the Browse button. Please click the
[Next] button to continue.

7. If you have installed Mail Enable previously, or are upgrading the software, then the
existing installation will be detected. At this point you have the option to overwrite
the configuration data, and backup the existing configuration directory. If you are
upgrading, you should leave the settings as is.
8. Next step You need to select a location to store the email data.

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9. Next Setup will now prompt you to nominate at least one Post Office to deliver mail to
and from. You will also need to provide a password for the Postmaster mailbox for the
post office.

10. The installation will now prompt you to enter specific details for its SMTP Connector.
The options can be changed under the SMTP settings in the administration program.
Please click the [Next] button to continue.
11. During installation you have the option of creating a virtual directory under the
default IIS site called “mewebmail” and “meadmin”. This can be used to access
webmail and the web administration sites. If you prefer to just use a domain name to

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access these sites, unselect the option and after installation add a host name to the
web mail site.

12. Finally, setup will inform you the installation procedure completed successfully.
Please click the [Finish] button to complete installation of Mail Enable.

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Create Email Account In Mail Enable

1. Open Mail Enable.

2. Expand Post Offices.
3. Select required Post Office (Mail Domain) and Click on Create Mailbox.

4. In MailBox Name, add your Username. Insert your Password in Password and select
the MailBox type (User or Admin).

5. Click on Ok Button
6. You have successfully created a MailBox/Email account in Mail Enable.

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Login to Mail Enable web mail

1. Web mail can be accessed by entering http://yourserveraddress/MEWEBMAIL in the
address bar of your browser.

2. A login screen will appear prompting for credentials. Enter the username in the
format of (Mailbox Name)@(Postoffice Name) e.g. [email protected].

3. Use the password that corresponds with the mailbox. This should allow access to the
web mail client. If you are unable to do so, confirm that the password entered was
valid for the corresponding mailbox.

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Result:
Thus the Installation and Configuration of Mail Server in windows 2008 R2 server
environment was successfully completed.

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Aim:
To install and configure Active Directory services in the systems and create user
and group permissions.
Procedure:
1. Click on Start – > Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Server Manager

2. Now Select Roles from left pane then click on Add Roles link.

3. Go to Next.

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4. Check on Active Directory Domain Services box, and click Next.

5. Go to Next.

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6. Click Install.

7. It will look like below while the role is being installed.

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8. To finish click on Close.

9. Open Run by pressing Windows Key and R together and type dcpromo in the Run
dialog box and hit on OK.

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10. The Active Directory Domain Service wizard will open and then click Next.

11. Proceed to Next and Select Create a new domain in a new forest and click Next.
12. Due to IPv6, it will pop-up a message indicating that the server is detecting one or
more dynamic IP address. If you don’t need IPv6 then just overlook the message
and click No, I will assign IP addresses to all physical network adapters.

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13. Give a strong password for AD (Active Directory) Recovery mode. This password is
important and you may need it often in the future, so store it in a safe place.
Click Next.

14. Click on Next.

15. Now it will start building Active Directory domain.
16. Click on Finish. And then finally restart the Server. After restarting the server you
can now create users from Active Directory Users and Computers. Right click on the
surface area on right pane, select New and then click on User.

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Result:
Thus the installation and configuration of Active Directory Services and create a
user and group permission was successfully completed.

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Aim:
To configure DNS for establish the interconnection between the systems.
Procedure:
Server side:
1. Choose start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, Configure your server wizard.
2. Click Next on the Welcome screen.
3. Make sure the listed prerequisites have been satisfied and click Next to continue.
Toconfigure your Server Wizard will then perform a network test.
4. Select the Domain Controller component and click Next.
5. Verify that the Install Active Directory and Run configure an Active Directory
Wizardto configure Active Directory options are selected and click Next.
6. After Active Directory is installed, you may be prompted for your Windows
Server2003 CD. If so, insert it and click OK when prompted.
7. The configuration of a DNS Server Wizard is then started automatically, as
illustratedin the following figure.
8. On the Welcome screen for install Active Directory services Wizard, click Next
tocontinue.
9. Select Domain controller for a new domain and click Next.
10. At this window, select an option as Domain in a new forest for new domain
creationand click Next.
11. Now the Active Directory wizard will require the complete DNS name and click
Next.For example mspvlpoly.local.
12. At this point, you will give the name for NetBIOS for your new domain. The
defaultname for the NetBIOS is domain name. Click Next to continue.
13. Now the active directory wizard will create the Database folder and the log folder.
The default folder names will be shown in the respective text boxes you can also
change these names whatever you want.
14. The next screen allows for the creation of a shared system volume for share the files
through the DNS server to the connected clients.
15. Now the wizard will diagnostics the DNS registration and displays the summery

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report. And select the option as Install and Configure the DNS server on this
computer. To continue click next.
16. Give the permission for network operating system compatible.
17. In here, the wizard will require the directory services restore administrator
password forthe DNS server.
18. Again, the wizard will shown the summary report for the DNS server configuration
andclick next.
19. The next screen deals with the setup of DNS server through the Active directory.

20. The final window, shown in figure, displays the Active Directory installation is
completed. In addition, click Finish and the system will demand to reboot the
computer.
21. After rebooting the following window will show the following figure with the
information is “This server is now the domain controller”.
22. Click Finish to end the installation wizard and open the DNS Manager by clicking the
Start, Administrative Tools and click DNS. In other hand select Manage your Server
from the start menu and click Manage this DNS Sever on the window.
23. In the DNS manager right click the Reverse Lookup Zone and click New Zone… from
the context menu.
24. Click next on the Welcome to New Zone setup Wizard.
25. In here you should select the type of the zone. Usually we will select the zone type
asPrimary zone.
26. Select the active directory zone replication scope.
27. At this point we should enter the Network ID for the Reverse Lookup Zone as
follows.That is the first three octet of the domain IP address.
28. Next you should give the option for dynamic updating of the DNS server. Normally
we will select allow only secure dynamic updates.
29. Finally click finish to end the session.
30. After that right click the mouse pointer on the working area of reverse look up
zonesubnet and select New Pointer from the context menu.
31. The following window will be appeared and put the host IP number (i.e. the
DNSserver host number) and click Browse for include the host name and click OK.
Client side:
1. If you are going to configuring your Win 7 system as a DNS client then you need to

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goto the Control Panel and double click the Network connections icon.
 Click the Start button  Control Panel  Network and Sharing Center. The
Network and Sharing window appears.
 Click the View status link for the Local Area Connection. The Local Area
Connection Status window appears.
 Click Properties. The Local Area Connection Properties window appears.
 Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) component, and then click
Properties. The Internet Protocol Version window appears.
 Then, click the radio button as Use the following IP address and type the IP
address. The subnet mask address will be assigned automatically and click the
option as Use the following DNS server address and type the DNS server address
in the preferred DNS address text box.
 At last, click on OK and finished configuring the IP address.
 Click the "Start" button, right-click on "Computer" and select "Properties" from the
context menu to open the "System and Security" window.
 Click "Advanced system settings" to open the System Properties dialog.
 Select the "Computer Name" tab, and then click "Change" to open the Computer
Name/Domain Changes dialog.
 Mark the "Domain" radio button, and then type the name of the new Domain in
the text field (Ex. “mspvlpoly.local”).
 Click "OK”, now the computer requests the user name and the password for the
domain.
 Finally the message box will be appeared with the text as “Welcome to
mspvlpoly” and click ok. Now the system is demand to restart your computer.

Result:
Thus the DNS configuration between systems and describing of mapped to IP
addresswas successfully completed.

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Aim:
To install the Red Hat Linux using Graphics Mode.
Procedure:
Booting off the CD
 Insert Disk 1 of your Red Hat Linux distribution into your CD-ROM drive, and then
restartthe machine.
 We will conduct our installation in graphical mode, so just press the Enter key.
Testing the Media
 The module asks you whether you would like to test the CD media before
proceeding with the installation:
 If you want to skip this test use your cursor keys and Enter key to select Skip;
alternatively, to run the media check module, press OK. This will take you to the CD
media check screen.
The Graphical Installation Launch
 Then it launches into the GUI install screen, as shown here. Press Next to
continue to thenext screen.
Selecting the Default Language
 This screen to select the language appropriate for their use: English
Selecting the Keyboard
 Choose your preferred keyboard option, and click Next to proceed to the next
screen.
Selecting the Mouse
 It tries to detect and select the correct mouse type automatically for you. Click Next
to go onto the next screen.
Selecting an Installation Type
 An upgrading will allow you to keep any existing data on your drives while bringing
the software packages up to date with the latest distribution.
 An replacement may overwrite your existing data but will provide a completely up-
to-date installation. Here, we’ll opt for a completely new installation

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  We will use a Server installation for our machine. We therefore select the server
option, and click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Setting up the Disk Partitions
 The next screen allows you to organize the storage space on your machine’s hard
disk:
 Red Hat Linux makes this decision simpler by offering an automatic partitioning
option, which creates an arrangement of partitions based on your install type
preferences.
Dealing with Existing Partitions
 If you already have partitions on your disk, then you can use the next screen to
remove the older partitions:
 Unless you have data left on the disk, it is normally safe to accept the removal of
existing partitions on the disk, by clicking on the Next button.
 If you have existing partitions, and you have asked Red Hat Linux to remove them
for you, you will be asked to confirm your desire to remove the partitions
Setting the Boot Loader
 In the next screen, Red Hat Linux allows you to set various boot loader options. Red
Hat provides the GRUB boot loader for this purpose. You can just click Next to move
on.
Setting the Network Parameters
 The installation process now takes you into the network configuration section.
 If your machine exists in a LAN environment that requires static IP addresses, then
you have an opportunity now to set your network configuration.
Setting up the Firewall
 Red Hat Linux provides you with three levels of network firewall security Highly
secure firewall, Medium grade secure Firewall, No firewall .Select the desired level,
then click next to continue.
Setting Additional Language Support
 If you’re expecting to use multiple languages, you can select them in the next screen:
Setting the Time Zone
 In the next screen, you can set the time zone of your location:
Root Account Configuration
 By default, the installation process creates a single administrative user account for
your machine, called root. In this screen, you are asked to supply the root user’s

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 password:
Selecting Packages for Installation
 If you want to fine-tune the package selection, you can do so here by selecting the
Customize... option.
The Automatic Installation Process
 The Red Hat Linux graphical installation tool has now collected all the information
that it needs to begin the installation. The next screen prompts you to begin the
software installation.
 Before the software is installed, the installation process formats all the partitions
that are supposed to hold these data. Then, the installation process continues by
installing the software packages.
Creating a Boot Disk
 Here, you are asked whether you would like to create a boot disk for your computer.
Setting up the GUI
 The final step of the installation process is to set up the graphical interface (X) for
your computer:
 Red Hat Linux should normally be able to detect the type of your video card and
select it for you, and it is quite safe to accept the default values.
 Red Hat Linux also offers you a choice between booting into a text-based interface
and a graphical interface.
Finishing
 This completes the installation of the Red Hat Linux operating system. Now, you
need to remove any CDs and floppy disks from their respective drives, and click on
the Exit button toreboot the machine:
Booting Up
 When the computer has restarted, the boot loader takes over initially, the boot
loader shows the available operating systems to boot from. As shown in the
following screenshot:
Creating New User Accounts
 For this reason, it’s recommended that you create a “normal” (non-administrative)
account for your personal use, and use that most of the time. When you’ve done that,
click Forward tocontinue.
Setting the Date and Time
 Next, check (and if necessary set) the date and time for the computer:

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Registering for the Red Hat Network
 The next step is the Red Hat Network configuration. click Forward to continue.
Installing Additional Software
 If you like, you can also click the other Install buttons here to install further
applications.Otherwise click Forward to continue.
Completing the Installation Process
 Finally, the installation process is over. You can now start to use your brand new
desktop –just click Forward one last time:
Logging In
 In the login screen, you’ll be prompted for a username and password. Type the
username and password you created earlier on. The default desktop in Red Hat
Linux 9 is the GNOME desktop loaded.

Result:
Thus the Installation of Red Hat Linux using Graphical mode was successfully
completed.

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Aim:
To install the Red Hat Linux using VMware.
Procedure
To Create a New Virtual Machine
1. Start VMware Workstation by Double-click the VMware Workstation icon on your
desktop or use the Start menu (Start  Programs  VMware  VMware
Workstation).

2. Start the New Virtual Machine Wizard. Choose File  New  New Virtual
Machine tobegin creating your virtual machine.

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3. Select the method you want to use for configuring your virtual machine.

4. Select the Guest Operating system Installation method.

5. Select a guest operating system.

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6. Select a name and folder for the virtual machine.

7. Specify the capacity of the virtual disk.

You can set a size between 2GB and 256GB for a SCSI virtual disk or 128GB for an
IDE virtual disk. The default is 4GB.

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8. Now the Detailed summary report is displayed about the new virtual machine

9. Click Finish. The wizard sets up the files needed for your virtual machine.

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Installation of Guest Operating System

Installing a guest operating system inside your VMware Workstation virtual
machine is essentially the same as installing it on a physical computer. The basic steps for
a typicaloperating system are:
1. Start VMware Workstation.
2. Insert the installation DVD disk for your guest operating system.
3. Power on your virtual machine by clicking the Power On button.
4. Now, the virtual machine is booted from DVD, same as like to the physical machine.
5. Then refer the Exercise no.14.a Installation of Red Hat Linux using graphical
mode tocomplete the installation.

Result
Thus the Linux operating system was successfully installed using VMware.

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Aim
To install various open source packet sniffing tools and inspect packets in Linux.
Procedure
Network traffic could be captured and monitored in real-time for analysis and
troubleshooting using packet sniffing tools. Wireshark is the most commonly
used Linux packet sniffer and is available in most Linux distribution's default package
manager. Wireshark can be installed and used to capture network packets from the
terminal in Linux.

Steps to Install and use Wireshark on Ubuntu Linux:

 Go to the terminal by simply pressing Ctrl + Alt + t or right-click + Open in
Terminal.

 Add a repository by running this command.

 Update the repository.
command: sudo apt update

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To Install Wireshark.
command: sudo apt install wireshark

 Wireshark is installed, you can run in the terminal to do so run this command or
just simply go to show applications and run Wireshark.

 You can check the version of your installed Wireshark by running the following
command

apt show wireshark

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 If you face any error during installation or running Wireshark like
command: Wireshark xdg_runtime_dir not set then open the terminal and run
this command and click YES to the message box.

 If you face no error during installation or running Wireshark like command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common then open the terminal and run
this command and click NO to the message box.

 Finally the packet sniffing tools wireshark package details are created
successfully installed in linux and also inspect the packets in linux.

Command: sudo dumpcap

 Open the wireshark in terminal applications

1. Select the capture packet.

2. Select the start capture analyzer.

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Capture Analyzer

 The top pane shows real-time traffic,

 The middle one shows information about the chosen packet
 The bottom pane shows the raw packet data.
 The top pane shows source address (IPv4 or IPv6) destination address, source
and destination ports, protocol to which the packet belongs to and additional
information about the packet.

Filter protocol

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Result
Thus the various open source packet sniffing tools successfully installed in Linux and
inspects in Linux.

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