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The document contains a tutorial on Discrete Mathematical Structures, focusing on functions, relations, and their properties. It includes exercises on determining if relations are functions, defining functions based on student attributes, and exploring function compositions and inverses. Additionally, it addresses concepts such as one-to-one and onto functions, cardinality of sets, and provides various computations related to functions.

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hemantnagar9520
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2 views

Tutorial-2

The document contains a tutorial on Discrete Mathematical Structures, focusing on functions, relations, and their properties. It includes exercises on determining if relations are functions, defining functions based on student attributes, and exploring function compositions and inverses. Additionally, it addresses concepts such as one-to-one and onto functions, cardinality of sets, and provides various computations related to functions.

Uploaded by

hemantnagar9520
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Jammu

CS-2-03(TO) Discrete Mathematical Structure-1 Tutorial 2


1. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Determine whether or not each relation below is a function
from X into X.

(a) f = {(2, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 4)}
(b) g = {(3, 1), (4, 2), (1, 1)}
(c) t = {(2, 1), (3, 4), (1, 4), (2, 1), (4, 4)}

2. Let A be the set of students in a school. Determine which of the following assign-
ments defines a function on A.

(a) To each student assign his age.


(b) To each student assign his teacher.
(c) To each student assign his sex.
(d) To each student assign his spouse.

3. Let the functions f : A → B and g : B → C be defined by fig. below. Find the


a x r

b y s

c z t
composition function g ◦ f

4. Let the functions f and g be defined by f (x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x2 − 2. Find the
formula defining the composition function g ◦ f .

5. Determine if each function is one-to-one.

(a) To each person on the earth assign the number which corresponds to his age.
(b) To each country in the world assign the latitude and longitude of its capital.
(c) To each book written by only one author assign the author.
(d) To each country in the world which has a prime minister assign its prime
minister.

6. Consider functions f : A → B and g : B → C. Prove the following:

(a) If f and g are one-to-one, then the composition function g ◦ f is one-to-one.


(b) If f and g are onto functions, then g ◦ f is an onto function.

7. Let f : R → R be defined by f (x) = 2x − 3. now f is one-to-one and onto, hence


f has an inverse function f −1 . Find a formula for f −1 .

8. Find the cardinal number of each set:

(a) A = {a, b, c, . . . , y, z}
(b) B = {1, −3, 5, 11, −28}
(c) C = {x | x ∈ N, x2 = 5}
(d) D = {10, 20, 30, 40, . . . }
(e) E = {6, 7, 8, 9, . . . }

9. Show that the set Z of integers has cardinality N0 .

10. Consider the following:

(a) For the function f : N → N defined as f (j) = j 2 + 2, comment whether f is


one-to-one, onto, or both. Here N is set of natural numbers which also include
0.
(b) Let A = {a, b, c, d}, B = {s, t, u}, and C = {1, 2}. Define functions f : A → B,
g : B → C, and h : C → A as follows:

f = {(a, s), (b, u), (c, t), (d, u)}


g = {(s, 1), (t, 1), (u, 2)}
h = {(1, b), (2, c)}

11. Compute the following:

(a) Let f, g, h be functions on X = {1, 2, 3} defined as follows:

f = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)}


g = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 3)}
h = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1)}

Compute f ◦ g, g ◦ f , f ◦ g ◦ h, and f ◦ h ◦ g.
(b) Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Let g : A → A be a function defined by:
1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5
Compute g ◦ g, and g ◦ (g ◦ g) are g ◦ g, and g ◦ (g ◦ g) one-to-one and onto
function?
√
12. Find the domain of the real-valued function f (x) = 81 − x2 .

13. Show that the functions f (x) = x4 and g(x) = x1/4 for x ∈ R are inverses of one
another. Here R is set of real number.

14. Consider the function f : N × N so that f (x, y) = (2x + 1) · 2y − 1, where N is the


set of natural numbers including zero. Show that f is bijective.

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