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What is Microcontroller and Microcomputer

The document explains the differences between microcontrollers and microcomputers, highlighting that microcontrollers integrate a microprocessor, memory, and I/O on a single chip, while microcomputers use a microprocessor as their CPU. It also details the features of the 8051 microcontroller, its addressing modes, and various instructions, including their effects on the accumulator and flags. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of microcontrollers over microprocessors and provides insights into the Keil μVision IDE for embedded systems development.

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helen jenefa
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3 views

What is Microcontroller and Microcomputer

The document explains the differences between microcontrollers and microcomputers, highlighting that microcontrollers integrate a microprocessor, memory, and I/O on a single chip, while microcomputers use a microprocessor as their CPU. It also details the features of the 8051 microcontroller, its addressing modes, and various instructions, including their effects on the accumulator and flags. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of microcontrollers over microprocessors and provides insights into the Keil μVision IDE for embedded systems development.

Uploaded by

helen jenefa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1) What is Microcontroller and Microcomputer?

Microcontroller is a device that includes microprocessor, memory and I/O signal lines on a
single chip. Microcomputer is a computer that is designed using microprocessor as its CPU.
It includes microprocessor, memory and I/O.

2) Compare Microprocessor and Microcontroller.

S.No Microprocessor Microcontroller

Microprocessor acts as a heart of computer Microcontroller acts as a heart of embedded


1
system. system.

It is a controlling device in which memory


It is a processor in which memory and I/O
2 and I/O output component is present
output component is connected externally.
internally.

Since memory and I/O output is to be Since on chip memory and I/O output
3 connected externally. Therefore the circuit component is available. Therefore the
is more complex. circuit is less complex.

It cannot be used in compact system. It can be used in compact system. Therefore


4
Therefore microprocessor is inefficient. microcontroller is more efficient.

Microprocessor has less number of registers. Microcontroller has more number of


5 Therefore most of the operations are registers. Therefore a program is easier to
memory based. write.

6 A microprocessor having a zero status flag. A microcontroller has no zero flag.

It is mainly used in washing machines, air


7 It is mainly used in personal computers.
conditioners etc.

3. List the features of 8051 microcontroller.


The 8051 is an 8-bit Microcontroller:
 The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time
 The 8051 has
 128 bytes of RAM
 4K bytes of on-chip ROM
 Two timers
4. What are the addressing modes supported by 8051?
 Immediate addressing mode
 Direct Addressing mode
 Register addressing mode
 Register indirect addressing mode
 Indexed addressing mode
5. Explain the difference between the following two instructions: a. MOV A,40H b. MOV A,#40H
a. MOV A,40H (address)
b. MOV A,#40H (data)

6. What is Keil μVision ?


Keil μVision is an integrated development environment (IDE) used primarily for embedded systems
development, allowing users to write, compile, debug, and program code for various microcontrollers,
particularly those based on ARM architecture; it includes a C/C++ compiler, assembler, linker, and a
powerful debugger, all within a single user interface.
7. Draw the format of PSW of 8051.

8. Explain Jnc.?
This instruction jumps if there isn't a carry following an arithmetic operation. If there is no carry, it is
referred to as a leap (conditional jump instruction). In this case, a choice is made using the carry flag bit in
the PSW register. The processor checks to see if the carry flag is raised or not.
9. When we add two numbers the destination address must always be.
a) some immediate data
b) any register
c) accumulator
d) memory
For addition purposes, the destination address must always be an accumulator. Example- ADD A,R0; ADD A,
@R1; ADD A,@ DPTR
10. If SUBB A,R4 is executed, then actually what operation is being applied?
a) R4+A
b) R4-A
c) A-R4
d) R4+A
SUBB command subtracts with borrow the contents of an accumulator with that of the register or some
immediate value. So A-R4 is being executed.

1. Why is 8051 Called 8 Bit Microcontroller?


Most possible operations on the Intel 8051 are 8-bit operations just because it is an 8-bit microcontroller.
1. What is the difference between bit addressable and byte address in microcontroller 8051?
When data is stored in microcontroller registers and may be changed bit by bit, the register is said to be a bit
addressable ( 0x20 to 2F). The other is called "byte-addressable," as it manipulates data bytes at a time (GPR
register is a byte-addressable).
3. Find the value in A after the following code. CLR A CPL A XRL A,#0FFH A = in hex
After executing the code "CLR A CPL A XRL A, #0FFH", the value in register A will be "0xFF" in hex.
 CLR A: This instruction clears the accumulator (A) setting its value to 0.
 CPL A: This instruction complements the bits in the accumulator, which means flipping every bit
from 0 to 1 and vice versa. Since A was previously 0, after CPL A, A becomes "FF".
 XRL A, #0FFH: This instruction performs a logical exclusive-OR operation between the
accumulator (A) and the immediate value 0xFFH. Since A is already "FF", performing XOR with
"FF" again results in "FF" remaining in A.
4. What are the advantages of microcontroller over microprocessor?
 The overall system cost is low, as the peripherals are integrated in a single chip.
 The size is very small.
 The system is easy to troubleshoot and maintain.
 The system is more reliable.

5. How to create a new project in Keil μVision?


To start writing a new program, you need to create a new project. Navigate to project —> New μVision
project. Then save the new project in a folder.
6.What is bit,byte,nibble?

Each 1 or 0 in a binary number is called a bit.A group of 4 bits is called a nibble, and 8-bits makes a byte.
7. ANL instruction is used _______
a) to AND the contents of the two registers
b) to mask the status of the bits
c) all of the mentioned
d) none of the mentioned
ANL instruction is used to AND the contents of the two registers and is also used to mask the status of the bits of
the register.

8.Explain the contents of the accumulator after the execution of the following program segments :
MOV A, #3CH
MOV R4, #66H
ANL A, R4
Ans :
A = 3C
R4 = 66
A = 24
9. List the 8051 instructions that affect the flags.
ADD, ADDC, DIV, MUL and SUB B

10. Which of the following instruction is not an arithmetic instruction?


a) MUL AB
b) ADD A,#66h
c) DIV AB
d) CPL A
Ans: CPL A

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