TRIGONOMETRY

CONTENT

▪ Trigonometry
- study of the relationships of the parts of a triangle
- from the Greek words “trigonon” – triangle and “metria/metron” – measurement
- Hipparchus – Hellenistic Mathematician, father of trigonometry, compiled a trigonometric table using the sine for
solving triangles
▪ Degrees and Radians
𝜋
- Converting degrees to radians - 180°
180°
- Converting radians to degrees - 𝜋
▪ Sign of the Trigonometric Functions in the Cartesian Plane
- x corresponds to sine
- y corresponds to cosine
𝑦 𝑥
- 𝑥 is tangent while 𝑦 is cotangent
▪ Solutions to Right triangles
- Soh – Cah – Toa
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜃
sin 𝜃 = ; cos 𝜃 = ; tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜃
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
▪ Solutions to Obliques Triangles (Acute and Obtuse)
- Sine Law Cosine Law
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
sin 𝐴
= sin 𝐵 = sin 𝐶 or 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
= = 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
▪ Fundamental trigonometric Identities
1 1 1 1 1 1
- Reciprocal Identities: csc 𝜃 = sin 𝜃; sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃; cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃; sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃; cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃; tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
- Quotient Identities: tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 and cot 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
- Pythagorean Identities: sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1; 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = csc 2 𝜃; 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃
- Sum of Angles Formula: sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵
cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
- Versed sine or versine or (𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝜃 = 1 − cos 𝜃)
- Coversed sine or 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝜃 = 1 − sin 𝜃
▪ Trigonometric Function Graphs
- Graphs

- Sine and cosine functions are periodic functions (repeat forever)

- Period - goes from one peak to the next
- Amplitude - height from the center line to the peak

It also applies for cosine.

 TRIGONOMETRY

REVIEW EXERCISES: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Who is considered to be the father of trigonometry?

A. Hipparchus B. Euclid C. Archimedes D. Socrates
2. 30 degrees and -330 degrees are called
A. Coterminal angles B. Reference Angles C. Quadrantal Angles D. Special Angles
3. A triangle with angle measures 60 degrees, 10 degrees, and 110 degrees is a/n
A. Acute triangle B. Right Triangle C. Obtuse D. Straight Angle
4. Which of the following is the value of the angle 19 degrees in radians
19 19𝜋 19
A. 180 B. 19𝜋 C. 180 D. 180𝜋
12𝜋
5. The reference angle of radians in degrees is
5
A. 32 degrees B. 72 degrees C. -72 degrees D. 432 degrees
6. Of what quadrant is A, if sec A is positive and csc A is negative?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
7. Angles are measured from the positive horizontal axis, and the positive direction is counterclockwise. What are the
values of sin B and cos B in the 4th quadrant?
A. sin B > 0 and cos B<0 C. sin B > 0 and cos B>0
B. sin B < 0 and cos B<0 D. sin B < 0 and cos B>0
8. Of what quadrant is A, if cos A is negative and cot A is positive?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
9. Angles are measured from the positive horizontal axis, and the positive direction is counterclockwise. What are the
values of sin B and cos B in the 3rd quadrant?
A. sin B >0 and cos B < 0 C. sin B > 0 and cos B > 0
B. sin B < 0 and cos B < 0 D. sin B < 0 and cos B > 0
csc 90°
10. Find the value of sec 180°.
A. 1 B. -1 C. 0 D. undefined
11. If csc 𝜃 = 4, find sin 𝜃.
√17 17
A. 4 B. ¼ C. D.
4 4
4 3 3
12. Given that sin 𝐴 = 5 , tan 𝐵 = 4 , cos 𝐶 = 5. Find (csc 𝐴)(cot 𝐵)(sec 𝐶)
A. 3/5 B. 25/9 C. 9/20 D. 9/25
5
13. If sec 2 𝐴 = 2, then what is the value of 1 − sin2 𝐴.
A. 2.5 B. 1.5 C. 0.4 D. 0.6
14. csc 270° is
A. −√3 B. −1 C. √3 D. 1
15. What is the value of cos(cos 270°)?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. √2
16
16. Find the value of sin (arc cos 17).
A. 0.34 B. 0.43 C. 0.44 D. 0.54
17. Arc tan [3 cos (arc sin [31/2/2])] is equal to
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
A. 3 B. 4 C. 16 D. 2
1
18. Which of the following identities is csc 𝑥 = sin 𝑥?
A. Quotient identity C. Half-angle identity
B. Reciprocal Identity D. Pythagorean identity
cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃
19. Use fundamental identities to simplify 1−sin2 𝜃
.
A. cos 𝜃 B. cot 𝜃 C. csc 𝜃 D. sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃
20. Find the value of cos 𝜃
A. 2 sin 𝜃 B. 2 cos 𝜃 C. 2 tan 𝜃 D. 2 cot 𝜃
21. Simplify csc 4 𝑥 − cot 4 𝑥.
A. csc 2 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥 B. csc 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥 C. csc 2 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 D. csc 2 𝑥 − cot 2 𝑥
4 4
(cos 𝐴) − (sin 𝐴) is equal to
22.
A. cos 4A B. cos 2A C. sin 2A D. sin 4A
23. Simplify (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)(tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥)
A. sin x + csc x B. sec x + cos x C. tan x + csc x D. sec x + csc x
2
24. Simplify cot 𝑥 csc 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 − 1)
A. sin x B. sec x C. tan x D. cot x
25. Solve for 𝜃 in the following equation: sin 2𝜃 = cos 𝜃.
A. 30 degrees B. 45 degrees C. 60 degrees D. 15 degrees
26. If sin x cos x + sin 2x = 1, what are the values of x?
A. 32.2 and 69.3 B. – 20. 67 and 69.3 C. 20.90 and 69.1 D. -32.2 and 69.3
27. Solve for x, if tan 3x = 5 tan x.
A. 20.705 degrees B. 30.705 degrees C. 35.705 degrees D. 15.705 degrees
28. If sin x cos x + sin x = 1.258, what is the values of x?
A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60
29. If coversed sin x =0.134, find the value of x.
A. 30 ° B. 45 ° C. 60 ° D. 90 °
30. Assuming that the earth is a sphere whose radius is 6400 km, find the distance along a 3 degree arc at the equator of
the earth’s surface.
A. 335.10 km B. 533.10 km C. 353.10 km D. 353.01 km
31. The angle subtended by an arc is 24 degrees. If the radius is 45 cm, find the length of the arc.
A. 16.85 cm B. 17.85 cm C. 18.85 cm D. 19.85 cm
32. Find the length of the arc of a circle with a diameter of 600 cm and an intercepted angle of 190 degrees.
A. 950 B. 965 C. 985 D. 995
33. The angle of a sector is 30 degrees and the radius is 15 cm. What is the area of the sector?
A. 59.7 B. 89.5 C. 58.9 D. 85.9
34. The arc of a sector is 9 units and its radius is 3 units. What is the area of the sector in square units?
A. 12.5 B. 13.5 C. 14.5 D. 15.5
35. In a right triangle, the side opposite to the 30 degrees angle is 2, what is the length of the hypotenuse?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 2√3 D. -4
36. A person can see the top of the building at an angle of 45 degrees. The person is standing 50 ft away from the
building and has an eye level of 5 ft. How tall is the building?
A. 26.1 ft B. 50.3 ft C. 107.2 ft D. 55 ft
37. If the inscribed angle is 36 degrees, find its corresponding the central angle.
A. 18 degrees B. 30 degrees C. 60 degrees D. 72 degrees
38. If the central angle is 150 degrees, find its corresponding inscribed angle.
A. 75 degrees B. 100 degrees C. 120 degrees D. 300 degrees
39. A fire ranger on a 150 ft tall tower spots a fire at a 30 degrees angle of depression. How many feet away from the
tower is the fire to the nearest tenth?
A. 86.6 ft B. 129.9 ft C. 259.8 ft D. 300 ft
40. Given that c=5.4 units, C = 63 degrees, B=47 degrees, find side b.
A. 4.43 B. 4.50 C. 4.91 D. 4.97
41. Find angle A if a=14 m, b=9 m, and c=6m.
A. 145 degrees B. 137 degrees C. 167 degrees D. 120 degrees
42. The sides of a triangle are 195, 157 and 210, respectively. What is the area of the triangle?
A. 73,250 sq units B. 10,250 sq units C. 14,586 sq units D. 11,260 sq units
43. The sides of a triangular lot are 130 m, 180 m and 190 m. The lot is to be divided by a line bisecting the longest side
and drawn from the opposite vertex. Find the length of the line.
A. 120 m B. 130 m C. 125 m D. 128 m
44. In an isosceles right triangle, the hypotenuse is how much longer than its base?
√3
A. 2 times B. √2 C. 1.5 times D. 2
45. A 50 meter vertical tower casts a 62.4 meter shadow when the angle of elevation of the sun is 41.6 degrees. The
inclination of the ground is
A. 4.79 degrees B. 4.33 degrees C. 5.63 degrees D. 5.17 degrees
46. A man finds the angle of elevation of the top of the tower to be 30 degrees. He walks 85 m nearer the tower and finds
the angle of elevation to be 60 degrees. What is the height of the tower?
A. 76.31 m B. 73.61 m C. 73.31 m D. 73.15 m
47. From the top of the building 100 m high, the angle of depression of point A due east of it is 30 degrees. From a point
due south of the building, the angle of elevation of the top is 60 degrees. Find the distance AB.
A. 100 + 3√30 B. 200 − √30 C. 100√30/3 D. 100√3/30
48. Find the amplitude of the function y=3 sin x.
A. 1 B. 𝜋 C. 2 D. 2𝜋
49. Find the amplitude of the function 𝑦 = −2 cos 𝑥.
A. 𝜋 B. 1 C. 2 D. 2𝜋
50. Find the period of the function y= sin (3x).
2𝜋 3𝜋
A. 3 B. 2 C. 3𝜋 D. 6𝜋
51. What is the period of the trigonometric function given by f(x) = 2 sin(5 x) ?
A. 𝜋/5 B. 2𝜋/5 C. 5𝜋 D. 𝜋
52. What is the range of the function f(x) = - 4 cos(2x - 3) ?
A. (0 , 4) B. [0 , 4] C. (-4 , 4) D. [-4 , 4]
53. What is the phase shift of the function f(x) = 7sin(2x - π / 3) ?
A. π / 3 B. π / 6 C. - π / 6 D. - π / 3
54. If y = cos x , then what is the maximum value of y ?
A. 1 B. -1 C. π D. 2 π
55. Given the function 𝑦 = .Which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. The period is 2𝜋. C. The midline is the x-axis
𝜋
B. The amplitude is 1 unit. D. The phase shift is equal to 2 .