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Worksheet I For Math For NS

This document is a worksheet for Mathematics for Natural Science at Haramaya University, covering various mathematical concepts including truth values, tautologies, formal proofs, and set theory. It consists of multiple exercises that require the evaluation of logical statements, construction of truth tables, and proofs using mathematical induction. The worksheet is designed for students to practice and apply their knowledge in mathematics and logic.

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13 views3 pages

Worksheet I For Math For NS

This document is a worksheet for Mathematics for Natural Science at Haramaya University, covering various mathematical concepts including truth values, tautologies, formal proofs, and set theory. It consists of multiple exercises that require the evaluation of logical statements, construction of truth tables, and proofs using mathematical induction. The worksheet is designed for students to practice and apply their knowledge in mathematics and logic.

Uploaded by

abenezermelese696
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

College of Natural and Computational Sciences


Department of Mathematics
Worksheet I: Mathematics for Natural Science

1. Let 𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4} be the universal set. Then find the truth value of:
a. (∃𝑥)(∀𝑦)(𝑥2 + 2𝑦 < 17) d. (x)(y)(y − x 2  0)
b. (∃𝑥)(∃𝑦)(𝑥2 + 𝑦2 < 2𝑥𝑦) e. (x)(y)(y − x 2  0)
c. (∀𝑥)(∃𝑦)(𝑥2 + 2𝑦 < 17) f. (x)(y)(y − x 2  xy)
2. Suppose 𝑝 ⇒ (𝑟 V ¬𝑞) is false, then find the truth value of:
a. 𝑝 ⇒ 𝑟 b. 𝑞 ⇒ 𝑟 c. ¬𝑝 V 𝑟 d. 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑞
3. Without truth table prove that:
a. [(¬𝑝 ⇒ 𝑞) ∧ ((𝑝 ⇒ ¬𝑟) ∧ 𝑟)] ⇒ 𝑞 is a tautology.
b. (p  q)  (q  p) is a tautology.
4. Construct a truth table for: [(𝑝 ⇒ 𝑞) ∧ (𝑞 ⇒ 𝑟)] ⇒ (𝑝 ⇒ 𝑟).
5. If q is true, then find the truth value of (𝑞 ⇒ 𝑝) ⇒ (𝑝 V 𝑞).
6. If ¬𝑟 ∧ (𝑝  q) has truth value true, then find the truth value of 𝑝  (q ⇒ 𝑟).
7. By using formal proof, test the validity of the following arguments.
a. ¬𝑝 V 𝑞, 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑝, 𝑟 ⊢ 𝑞 c. 𝑝 ⇒ ¬𝑞, 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑞, 𝑝 ⊢ ¬𝑟
b. 𝑝 ⇒ ¬𝑞, ¬𝑟 V 𝑞, 𝑟 ⊢ ¬𝑝 d. ¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑞, 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑝, ¬𝑟 ⇒ 𝑠, 𝑠 ⇒ 𝑡 ⊢ ¬𝑡
8. Show that the given argument is valid using formal proof technique.
a. If there was a rain, then running was difficult. If they arrived on time, then the running was not
difficult. They arrived on time. Therefore, there was no rain.
b. If the team is late, then it cannot play the game. If the referee is here, then the team can play the
game. The team is late. Therefore, the referee is not here.
c. If the professor offers chocolate for an answer, then you answer the professor’s question. The
professor offers chocolate for answer. Therefore, you answer the professor’s question.
d. If I were an instructor and you were my student, then I would never stop advising you. I have
stopped advising you. Therefore, I am not an instructor or you are not my student.
e. If I work hard, then I can get a lot of money. If I get a lot of money, then I can buy a car. I cannot
buy a car. Therefore, I did not work hard.
f. If the rain does not come, then the crops are ruined and the people will starve. The crops are not
ruined or the people will not starve. Therefore, the rain comes.
9. If the truth value of (¬ p  q)  ( p  r) is False, then find the truth value of q  r
10. If the truth value of p  q is False, then find the truth value of ( p  q)  ( p  q)
11. Write the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: “If 3 is an even number, then 2 is a prime number”.
12. Suppose the truth values of 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑇, 𝐹, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 respectively. Then find the truth value of
a. (¬𝑝 V 𝑞) ⇒ [𝑞 ⇔ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑟)] b. (𝑝 V 𝑞) ⇔ ¬(𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑟)

Department of Mathematics Page 1


13. Let 𝑈 = {3, 5, 11} be the universal set. Then find the truth value of:
𝑥
a. (∃𝑥)(∀𝑦) (𝑦 > 1) c. ¬(∃𝑥)(∃𝑦)(𝑥𝑦 − 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒)

𝑥
b. (∀𝑥)(∃𝑦) (𝑦 > 1) d. ¬(∀𝑥)(∀𝑦)(𝑥𝑦 − 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒)

14. Which of the following are proposition?


a. 𝑥 is divisible by 2 d. Thank You! g. For any real number 𝑥, 𝑥2 ≥ 0.
b. 𝑥 + 1 = 5 e. Human beings are mortal h. May God bless you!
c. What is your name? f. Read this book carefully!
15. Find the truth value of:
a. (∀𝑥 ∈ ℕ)(∃𝑦 ∈ ℤ)(𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) f. (∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ)(∀𝑦 ∈ ℤ)(𝑥 ≤ 𝑦)
b. (∃𝑥 ∈ ℤ)(∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ)(𝑥 ≤ 𝑦2) g. (∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ)(∃𝑥 ∈ ℤ)(𝑥 ≤ 𝑦2)
c. ¬[(∀𝑥 ∈ ℕ)[(𝑥 > 3) ⇒ (𝑥2 > 9)]] h. (∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ)(∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ)(𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4)
d. (∀𝑥 ∈ ℕ)(∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ)(|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑦 − 2| ≤ 2) i. (∀𝑥 ∈ ℕ)(∀𝑦 ∈ ℕ)(|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑦 − 2| ≤ 2)
e. (∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ)(∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ)(|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑦 − 2| ≤ 2) j. (∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ)(∀𝑦 ∈ ℕ)(|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑦 − 2| ≤ 2)
16. If 𝑛(𝑈) = 50, 𝑛(𝐴) = 26, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 12, 𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′) = 10, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵).
17. Let 𝐴 = {𝜙, {{ }}}. Which one of the following is not true

a. 𝜙 ⊆ 𝐴 b. {{{ }}} ⊆ 𝑃(𝐴} c. 𝜙 ∈ 𝐴 d. 𝜙 ∈ 𝑃(𝐴) e. 𝜙 ⊆ 𝑃(𝐴)


18. If 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℝ , 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0} and 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℝ , |2𝑥 − 3| < 5}, then find
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶.
19. Let 𝑈 = {𝑥∶ 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 11}, 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑈∶ 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟} and =
{𝑥 ∈ 𝑈∶ 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 10} . Then find the set (𝐴∆B)′.
20. If set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {2, 4} and 𝐴∆𝐵 = {1, 3, 6, 7}. then find the set 𝐵.
21. Suppose 𝐴 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ ℝ , √2𝑥2 − 1 ≠ 𝑥 ⟹ √𝑥 + 3 = 3 − 𝑥}. Then find 𝑃(𝐴).
22. Let 𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} be the universal set and let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and = { 2, 3, 6, 7} .
Then find the set 𝐴∆(𝐴 − 𝐵).
23. If n(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 18, 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 70, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 25, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑛(𝐵).
24. Let 𝐴 be any set. Which one of the following is not true?
a. 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐴 b. 𝐴 ∈ 𝑃(𝐴) c. 𝜙 ∈ 𝑃(𝐴) d. 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑃(𝐴)
25. Let 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = { 2, 3, 4, 6} and 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10} , then find the set 𝐴∆𝐵

26. Suppose 𝐺𝐶𝐹(𝑥, 120, 300) = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝐶𝑀(𝑥, 120, 300) = 1200, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥.
27. Suppose 𝐺𝐶𝐹(𝑥, 286) = 22 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝐶𝑀(𝑥, 286) = 6006, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥.

Department of Mathematics Page 2


28. Find the lub and glb of:
2 (−1)𝑛 ∞ (−1)𝑛 (𝑛 − 1) ∞ 4 + 3𝑛 ∞
𝑎. { 𝑛 + 𝑛−1 } 𝑏. { } c. { }
3 2 𝑛=1 𝑛 𝑛=1 1 + 𝑛 𝑛=1

(2)𝑛 − 5 ∞ 1 ∞
1 ∞
𝑑. { 𝑛 } 𝑒. { } 𝑓. {8 − }
3 + 3 𝑛=1 1 − 2𝑛 𝑛=1 𝑛 𝑛=1

29. Express each of the following decimal as fraction (ratio of integer)


̅̅̅̅
𝑎. 3.243 ̅̅̅̅
𝑏. 0.0125 𝑐. −0.53̅ d. −0. 3̅
30. Using Principle of Mathematical Induction prove that
a. 10𝑛 + 3(4𝑛+2) + 5, 𝑛 ≥ 0 is divisible by 9.
b. 𝑛3 − 𝑛, 𝑛 ≥ 2 is divisible by 3.
n

c. (2i +1) = (n +1) ,


i=0
2
for n N
𝑛(3𝑛−1)
d. 1 + 4 + 7 + ⋯ + (3𝑛 − 2) = , 𝑛≥1
2
e. 𝑛3 + 2𝑛, 𝑛 ≥ 1 is divisible by 3.
f. 2𝑛 ≤ (𝑛 + 1)!, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ 0.
𝑛2(𝑛+1)2
g. 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = , 𝑛≥1
4
h. 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏𝑛 is divisible by 𝑎 − 𝑏 for odd natural number 𝑛 ≥ 1
i. 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + (2𝑛 + 1) = (𝑛 + 1)2, 𝑛 ≥ 0
j. 21 + 22 + 23 + ⋯ + 2𝑛 = 2𝑛+1 − 2, 𝑛 ≥ 1
1
k. 1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ + =
𝑛
, 𝑛≥1
1.2 2.3 3.4 𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛+1
l. 10𝑛
− is divisible by 7, 𝑛 ≥ 1.
3𝑛
m. 5𝑛 + 5 ≤ 𝑛2, for all integers 𝑛 ≥ 6
n. 13𝑛 − 7𝑛 is divisible by 6, 𝑛 ≥ 1.

Department of Mathematics Page 3

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