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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, carries genetic information essential for organism development, organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Inheritance is the process through which traits are passed from parents to offspring, contributing to biological diversity and evolution. Variation among individuals can be genetic, phenotypic, or environmental, and natural selection drives the survival of the fittest in evolution.

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4 views1 page

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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, carries genetic information essential for organism development, organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Inheritance is the process through which traits are passed from parents to offspring, contributing to biological diversity and evolution. Variation among individuals can be genetic, phenotypic, or environmental, and natural selection drives the survival of the fittest in evolution.

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lamthaiuyenphuong
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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So, what is DNA?

In full form: Deoxyribonucleic acid. Is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development
and functioning of an organism. A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of tightly coiled DNA and
associated proteins. They are found in the nucleus in the cell.

In human body, the scientists discovered there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 pairs are normal, the
23th pair is sex or gender chromosome.

Small than DNA is gene. So, gene is a small segment in a DNA, genes help to control a particular
characteristic in the organism. Humans have about 20,000 to 25,000 genes spread across their DNA.
Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes.

Every human being began life as a single cell, and it formed when a sperm cell joined an egg cell, before
they fertilize, they were called gametes. After fertilize, it formed a new cell called zygote. Sperm cell is
male gamete, egg cell is female gamete.

How to identify that the baby is boy or girl?

The gender chromosome, the 23th chromosome, we have a pair of DNA. If it is XX, the baby will be a girl.
If it is XY, the baby will be a boy.

What is inheritance?

Inheritance is the process through which genetic traits, encoded in DNA, are passed from parents to
their offspring. It explains how children inherit characteristics such as eye color, height, or susceptibility
to certain diseases from their parents.

It explains biological diversity, evolution, and the transfer of traits across generations.

Variation refers to the differences in traits or characteristics among individuals within a species. These
differences can be physical, behavioral, or genetic, and they are the foundation of evolution and
adaptability in populations.

 Genetic Variation: This is caused by mutations, gene recombination, and other genetic
processes, and it’s the foundation for natural selection and evolution.
 Phenotypic Variation: This includes differences in physical traits such as height, skin color, or eye
shape, which may be influenced by both genetics and the environment.
 Environmental Variation: Some variations arise due to differences in the environment in which
an organism lives, such as nutrition, climate, or habitat.

Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits that are better suited to their
environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits on to the next generation. It is a
key mechanism of evolution, first described by Charles Darwin.

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