Republic of the Philippines

Negros Oriental State University

R.A 9299, Bayawan-Sta. Catalina Campus
College of Arts and Sciences

ITS 304 A – System Analysis & Design

Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS)

A Research Paper
Presented to
The College of Arts and Sciences
Negros Oriental State University,
Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in ITS 304
Research in System Analysis & Design

Jelaica B. Tabañag
Ron Allen R. Pilongo
Kyla Marie S. Belnas
Ludelyn T. Locanilao
Owen B. Subrivega

December 2024

１
Approval Sheet

This case study, entitled “Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System
(BTHCDMS)”, prepared and submitted by Jelaica B. Tabañag, Ron Allen R. Pilongo, Kyla
Marie S. Belnas, Ludelyn T. Locanilao, Owen B. Subrivega, in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, has been reviewed and
is hereby approved for submission.

MR. JOVANY B. CASTILLO

Adviser

Accepted by:

MR. JOVANY B. CASTILLO

Subject Instructor

Negros Oriental State University

Bayawan-Sta. Catalina Campus

December 2024

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Dedication

We dedicate this case study to the following individuals and groups who have been

our pillars of strength and inspiration throughout this journey. To our families, whose

unwavering love, support, and encouragement provided us with the motivation to persevere

through every challenge we faced. Your sacrifices and understanding have been our source of

strength and determination.

To the staff of Barangay Tinago Health Center, whose dedication to their work and

willingness to cooperate with us inspired the development of this system. Your insights and

contributions were invaluable in shaping the foundation of our study. To our friends and

classmates, thank you for your camaraderie, encouragement, and support, which lightened the

load of this challenging endeavor.

We also extend our deepest gratitude to Mrs. Judith T. Montecino, our generous

sponsor, for believing in our capabilities and for providing the assistance we needed to bring

this project to fruition. To our instructor, Mr. Jovany B. Castillo, your patience, guidance, and

constructive feedback have been instrumental in helping us achieve our goals. Above all, we

dedicate this work to Almighty God, who granted us wisdom, strength, and perseverance to

overcome obstacles and complete this study. To each and every one of you, this work stands

as a testament to your support and faith in us.

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Acknowledgment

The successful completion of this case study would not have been possible without the

invaluable support and contributions of many individuals and organizations. First and

foremost, we express our profound gratitude to our instructor, Mr. Jovany B. Castillo, whose

guidance, patience, and constructive feedback were instrumental in steering us toward the

right direction. Your dedication to our learning and growth has left an indelible mark on us.

We also extend our heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Judith T. Montecino, our sponsor, whose

generous support and belief in our work have been a beacon of encouragement throughout

this process. To the staff of Barangay Tinago Health Center, we are deeply grateful for your

cooperation and invaluable insights during the data-gathering process. Your input not only

enriched our study but also gave us a deeper understanding of the challenges you face daily.

To our families, whose love, patience, and constant encouragement have been the

cornerstone of our success, we owe you more than words can express. Thank you for standing

by us through the ups and downs of this journey. To our friends and classmates, your

camaraderie and willingness to lend a helping hand have made this experience more

meaningful. Lastly, but most importantly, we thank Almighty God for granting us the wisdom,

strength, and perseverance to overcome obstacles and complete this endeavor. To all who

contributed to the success of this study, we are deeply grateful. This work would not have

been possible without your unwavering support and faith in us.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
` Page
TITLE PAGE 1
Approval Sheet 2
Dedication 3
Acknowledgment 4
Table of Contents 5-6
CHAPTER 1 7
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 7
Introduction 7-8
Statement of the Problem 9
Statement of Hypothesis/Hypotheses 9
Significance of the Study 10-11
Scope and Limitation of the Study 12-13
Operational Definition of Terms 14-17
Theoretical Framework 18-21
Conceptual Framework 22-26
Review of the Related Literature 27-30
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31
Research Design 31
Research Locale/Research Environment 31-32
Research Respondents 32-33
Research Instrument 33-34
Data Gathering Procedures 34
Statistical Treatment 35
REFERENCES 36-41
APPENDICES 42
Appendix A: Likert Scale 42-43
Appendix B: Interview Guide 44
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 Appendix C: Data Tables and Charts 45
Appendix D: System Requirements Specification (SRS) 46
Appendix E: Statistical Treatment 47-48
Letter to the Participant 49
Informed Consent 50
CURRICULUM VITAE 51-60

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

Healthcare systems are the backbone of community well-being, particularly in rural

areas where access to quality medical services is often limited. However, many barangay

health centers continue to rely on outdated manual processes for managing patient records,

referrals, and appointments. These inefficiencies not only lead to delayed services but also

increase the risk of data inaccuracies and administrative burdens for healthcare workers. To

address these challenges, the Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System

(BTHCDMS) was proposed as a comprehensive digital solution tailored to the specific needs

of Barangay Tinago, Bayawan City.

The transition from manual to digital systems has become an essential step in

improving healthcare delivery worldwide. Digital health management systems are proven to

enhance efficiency, reduce errors, and improve patient outcomes (World Health Organization,

2016). Such systems streamline workflows, provide secure storage for patient data, and enable

quick access to critical health information, making healthcare delivery more effective and

patient-centered (Madden et al., 2019). However, studies also show that rural health centers

often face significant barriers in adopting these technologies, such as limited infrastructure,

lack of training, and concerns about data security (Ghosh et al., 2017).

In Barangay Tinago, the health center faces similar challenges. The reliance on manual

systems results in time-consuming processes for managing patient data, generating referrals,

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and tracking appointments. Furthermore, the absence of a centralized database makes it

difficult for healthcare workers to access patient histories efficiently, potentially delaying

critical decisions. This underscores the urgent need for a digital management system that not

only addresses these inefficiencies but also complies with data privacy regulations such as the

Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Hernandez et al., 2020).

This study draws on established models like the Waterfall Model (Royce, 1970) for

systematic development and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989) to

ensure that the system is both functional and user-friendly. The Waterfall Model provides a

structured approach to system development, dividing the process into distinct phases such as

requirements gathering, system design, implementation, and testing. Meanwhile, TAM

focuses on the factors influencing user acceptance, emphasizing perceived usefulness and ease

of use as key determinants of successful technology adoption.

The research aims to address critical questions such as how a digital management

system can improve patient records management, streamline referrals, ensure data security,

and enhance healthcare workers’ decision-making capabilities. By integrating technical rigor

with user-centered design principles, the BTHCDMS seeks to transform the operations of the

Barangay Tinago Health Center, providing a scalable model for other rural health facilities.

This study not only highlights the importance of digital transformation in healthcare

but also provides a localized approach to overcoming the challenges faced by barangay health

centers. With its potential to improve efficiency, accuracy, and patient satisfaction, the

Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System serves as a promising step

toward modernizing healthcare delivery at the community level.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to address the following problems:

1. How can the Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System

(BTHCDMS) improve the efficiency of managing patient records, referrals, and

appointments?

2. What strategies can be implemented to reduce the risk of data loss and inaccuracies in

patient records?

3. How can the BTHCDMS ensure the security and privacy of sensitive patient data?

4. How can the system enhance decision-making by providing healthcare workers with

timely and accurate access to patient information?

Statement of Hypotheses

1. The implementation of the BTHCDMS will significantly improve the efficiency of

health center operations.

2. Proper security measures in the system will ensure compliance with data privacy laws

and protect sensitive patient data.

3. Automating processes will reduce administrative workload and enhance satisfaction

for both patients and staff.

4. The BTHCDMS will improve the accuracy and timeliness of patient data, leading to

better decision-making and healthcare outcomes.

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 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for the following stakeholders:

1. Barangay Health Workers (BHWs)

This study will provide the BHWs with a more efficient system for managing patient

records, referrals, and appointments, thus improving their ability to serve the

community. By automating administrative tasks, BHWs will have more time to focus

on patient care, ultimately enhancing the quality of healthcare services provided at the

Barangay Tinago Health Center.

2. Barangay Nutrition Scholar (BNS)

The BNS will benefit from a centralized and secure system that allows for quick access

to patient records. This system will assist the BNS in tracking nutritional assessments

and interventions, helping to ensure timely and accurate support for patients in need

of nutrition programs.

3. Midwife and Nurse

The midwife and nurse will experience improved workflow and efficiency through the

automation of routine tasks. The BTHCDMS will facilitate easier access to patient

records, improving care delivery and reducing errors caused by manual data entry.

Furthermore, it will enhance communication and coordination between healthcare

workers, which is essential for patient care.

4. Barangay Tinago Health Center

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 This study will significantly enhance the overall operations of the health center. By

transitioning to a digital system, the center will reduce the risks associated with manual

record-keeping, such as data loss and inaccuracies. The system's automation will also

lead to cost savings and better resource allocation, ensuring that the health center can

offer quality care to more patients with fewer operational challenges.

5. Patients

Thanks to the system's ability to streamline appointments, referrals, and health record

management, patients will benefit from faster service delivery and reduced waiting

times. With improved data accuracy and security, patients' personal health information

will be handled more safely, leading to greater trust in the healthcare system.

6. Community Health and Well-being

This study will contribute to the improvement of healthcare delivery in Barangay

Tinago, fostering a healthier community. By reducing administrative inefficiencies and

improving data management, the health center will be able to provide more timely and

accurate healthcare services, leading to better health outcomes for the population.

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 Scope and Limitations of the Study

Scope:

This study will focus on the implementation and evaluation of the Barangay Tinago Health

Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS) to address the current inefficiencies in

managing patient records, appointments, and referrals. The scope of this study includes:

1. Operational Efficiency: This study will examine how the BTHCDMS improves the

efficiency of healthcare operations, including data management, patient appointment

scheduling, and referral processes at the Barangay Tinago Health Center.

2. Security and Privacy: This study will explore the measures taken by the BTHCDMS

to ensure the security and privacy of sensitive patient data, ensuring compliance with

data protection laws and regulations.

3. Administrative Workload: This research will assess how the digital system reduces

the administrative burden on healthcare workers by automating routine tasks,

improving the allocation of resources, and enhancing the overall workflow.

4. Impact on Healthcare Providers: This study will evaluate the impact of the system

on healthcare providers such as the midwife, nurse, BHWs, and BNS, focusing on how

it improves their productivity, communication, and patient care delivery.

5. Impact on Patients: This study will examine how the new system benefits patients by

reducing wait times, improving data accuracy, and providing a more secure and

efficient service.

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Limitations:

1. Geographical Scope: This study will be limited to the Barangay Tinago Health Center

in Bayawan City. The findings may not be directly applicable to health centers in other

areas with different operational contexts or resources.

2. Sample Size: This study will involve a limited number of healthcare workers (1

midwife, 1 nurse, 11 BHWs, and 1 BNS). As such, the results may not fully represent

the experiences of all healthcare workers in similar rural health centers.

3. Time Constraints: This study is constrained by a specific time frame for

implementation and data collection. This may limit the ability to assess the long-term

sustainability and continuous improvement of the system.

4. Technological Adaptability: This study assumes that the participants (healthcare

workers) are willing and able to adapt to the new system. Any issues regarding

resistance to change or technology adoption may not be fully addressed in the research.

5. Data Limitations: This study will rely on data from the health center’s existing patient

records and reports, which may contain inaccuracies or inconsistencies due to the

previous manual system. These limitations may affect the interpretation of pre-

implementation data.

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 Operational Definition of Terms

1. Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS)

A digital system designed to automate and streamline the management of patient

records, appointments, referrals, and healthcare services at Barangay Tinago Health

Center. This system aims to improve operational efficiency, ensure data security, and

reduce administrative workload.

2. Patient Records

Information related to a patient's personal details, medical history, diagnoses,

treatment plans, and other healthcare-related data, typically stored in a manual or

digital format. In the context of the study, patient records will be managed and

accessed via the BTHCDMS.

3. Referrals

The process of directing a patient to another healthcare provider or specialist for

further treatment, examination, or consultation. The referral process in the study will

be automated through the BTHCDMS to reduce delays and errors associated with

manual paperwork.

4. Appointments

Scheduled meetings between healthcare providers and patients for consultations,

checkups, or treatments. The BTHCDMS will handle the scheduling, tracking, and

reminders of patient appointments to improve accessibility and reduce scheduling

conflicts.

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5. Data Security

The protection of sensitive patient data from unauthorized access, loss, or theft. The

BTHCDMS will implement measures such as encryption, user access controls, and

regular data backups to ensure the security and privacy of patient information.

6. Administrative Workload

The tasks and responsibilities related to managing and processing patient information,

scheduling appointments, handling referrals, and generating reports. The BTHCDMS

aims to reduce administrative workload by automating many of these tasks, allowing

staff to focus more on patient care.

7. Automation

The use of technology to perform tasks without human intervention. In the context of

this study, automation refers to the digital handling of administrative tasks such as

patient record management, scheduling, and reporting, aimed at improving efficiency

and reducing errors.

8. Health Center Staff

The healthcare workers at the Barangay Tinago Health Center, including midwives,

nurses, Barangay Health Workers (BHWs), and Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS),

who will interact with and use the BTHCDMS as part of their daily operations.

9. Patient Satisfaction

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 The level of contentment expressed by patients regarding the healthcare services they

receive, including aspects such as wait times, accessibility, communication with

healthcare providers, and overall experience. The study will assess how the

BTHCDMS contributes to improving patient satisfaction.

10. Data Privacy Laws

Legal frameworks and regulations designed to protect personal information from

misuse, ensuring that individuals' private data is handled with confidentiality and

consent. The study will explore how the BTHCDMS complies with relevant data

privacy laws to safeguard patient information.

11. Workflow

The sequence of processes and tasks performed to complete a specific task, such as

patient registration, appointment scheduling, and report generation. The BTHCDMS

will aim to optimize workflow by automating tasks and improving coordination among

healthcare staff.

12. Midwife, Nurse, Barangay Health Workers (BHWs), and Barangay Nutrition

Scholars (BNS)

These are the primary healthcare providers involved in patient care at the Barangay

Tinago Health Center. Midwives, nurses, BHWs, and BNS are responsible for

providing medical services, health education, and nutritional support, and they will be

the primary users of the BTHCDMS.

13. System Implementation

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 The process of installing, configuring, and introducing the BTHCDMS into the

Barangay Tinago Health Center's operations. This includes training the staff,

transferring data from manual records to digital formats, and integrating the system

with existing workflows.

14. Compliance

Adherence to relevant laws, regulations, and standards. The BTHCDMS will be

designed to ensure compliance with healthcare regulations, especially those related to

patient data privacy and the secure handling of medical information.

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 Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework of this study was anchored on the Waterfall Model,

developed by Winston W. Royce in 1970, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM),

developed by Fred D. Davis in 1989. These two models provide the foundation for

understanding both the structured development of the Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital

Management System (BTHCDMS) and the factors that influence its successful adoption by

the health center staff.

The Waterfall Model is a widely recognized software development methodology that

follows a linear and sequential approach. This model divides the software development

process into distinct phases: requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing,

deployment, and maintenance. Each phase must be completed before moving to the next,

ensuring a structured and disciplined development process. This model is particularly

effective for projects where the requirements are well-understood from the outset and are

unlikely to change significantly during the development process (Royce, 1970).

The Waterfall Model offers a clear, phase-driven development approach that is ideal

for the BTHCDMS, which requires careful planning and step-by-step execution. In this

context, the model ensures that the system is developed in an organized manner, with each

phase addressing specific needs and requirements. The clear and documented flow of activities

１８
ensures that the final product meets the expectations of the health center while minimizing

risks and errors.

Figure 1. Theoretical Model

Step-by-Step Phases of the Waterfall Model:

1. Requirements Analysis: In this phase, all system requirements are gathered from

stakeholders, including the Barangay Tinago Health Center staff. Detailed

documentation of functional and non-functional requirements is created to ensure that

every aspect of the health management system is understood and considered. This

phase forms the foundation for all subsequent stages.

2. System Design: After requirements are gathered, the system’s architecture and design

are created. This phase includes defining how the system will operate, designing the

user interface, database structure, and other system components. For BTHCDMS, a

secure and user-friendly design is essential to meet healthcare standards.

3. Implementation: In this phase, the actual coding of the system occurs. The

development team builds the system according to the design specifications, ensuring

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 that the system’s functionalities, such as patient registration, appointment scheduling,

and medical record management, are fully implemented.

4. Testing: The system undergoes rigorous testing to ensure it meets the functional

requirements and performs as expected. Testing includes unit testing, integration

testing, and user acceptance testing (UAT), ensuring that the BTHCDMS meets all the

necessary healthcare standards and user needs.

5. Deployment: After successful testing, the system is deployed in the health center. This

phase involves setting up the infrastructure, training the health center staff, and

ensuring a smooth transition to the new system.

6. Maintenance: After deployment, the system enters the maintenance phase, where any

issues are addressed, updates are made, and improvements are implemented as needed.

This phase ensures the system remains up-to-date and continues to function as

intended.

In addition to the Waterfall Model, this study also integrates the Technology Acceptance

Model (TAM), developed by Fred D. Davis in 1989. The TAM helps explain how individuals

come to accept and use new technologies, focusing on two key factors:

1. Perceived Usefulness (PU): This refers to the degree to which users believe that using

a system will enhance their job performance. For the BTHCDMS, the health center

staff must perceive the system as a tool that will improve the efficiency of their daily

tasks, such as managing patient records, scheduling appointments, and accessing

critical health data (Davis, 1989).

２０
 2. Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU): This refers to the degree to which users believe that

using the system will be free of effort. For the BTHCDMS, the system should have an

intuitive design and be easy to navigate, reducing the learning curve for users and

encouraging adoption (Davis, 1989).

The TAM posits that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use influence users'

Attitude Toward Using the system, which subsequently affects their Behavioral Intention

to Use and, ultimately, the actual usage of the system. This model ensures that the

BTHCDMS is not only functional but also accepted by the health center staff, improving the

chances of successful implementation (Davis, 1989).

By combining the Waterfall Model with the TAM, this study ensures that the BTHCDMS

is developed in a structured and systematic manner while also considering factors that

influence technology acceptance. The Waterfall Model ensures that the system is developed

with clear requirements and high-quality standards, while the TAM ensures that the system is

user-friendly and has a high likelihood of being adopted and effectively utilized by the

Barangay Tinago Health Center staff.

As shown in Figure 1, the six phases of the Waterfall Model are as follows:

Requirements Analysis, System Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment, and

Maintenance. This sequential approach provides a clear structure for the development

process of the BTHCDMS. The theoretical model also illustrates the two key determinants of

the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which are Perceived Usefulness (PU) and

Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), both of which play a crucial role in ensuring the system’s

acceptance by the users.

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 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for the development of the Barangay Tinago Health Center

Digital Management System (BTHCDMS) integrates the Waterfall Model alongside the

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to ensure that the system meets the needs of the

healthcare staff while being accepted and effectively used by them. This dual approach helps

ensure that the system's development and implementation not only focus on technical

functionality but also take into account the factors influencing user acceptance and adoption.

Figure 2. Conceptual Model

Key Elements of the Conceptual Framework:

1. Input:

The input phase includes gathering essential information to guide the system's development,

addressing the specific challenges faced by the Barangay Tinago Health Center. The following

questions are central to the input phase:

２２
1. How can the Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System

(BTHCDMS) improve the efficiency of managing patient records, referrals, and

appointments?

o This question aims to identify how the digital system can automate processes,

reduce manual workload, and streamline patient record management, referrals,

and appointment scheduling.

2. What strategies can be implemented to reduce the risk of data loss and

inaccuracies in patient records?

o This focuses on ensuring the reliability of the system through secure data

storage and error-reduction mechanisms, minimizing the risks associated with

the current paper-based system.

3. How can the BTHCDMS ensure the security and privacy of sensitive patient

data?

o Addressing concerns about data privacy, this question ensures that the system

complies with data privacy regulations (such as the Data Privacy Act) and

protects patient information from unauthorized access or breaches.

4. How can the system enhance decision-making by providing healthcare workers

with timely and accurate access to patient information?

o This question emphasizes the importance of real-time data access, ensuring

that healthcare workers have the right information at the right time to make

informed decisions about patient care.

２３
 These input questions are designed to shape the development of the system, ensuring

it addresses the primary challenges and meets the specific needs of healthcare staff at the

Barangay Tinago Health Center.

2. Process:

The process phase follows the Waterfall Model, consisting of the following stages, while

also incorporating TAM principles to evaluate user acceptance and the ease of use and

usefulness of the system:

• Phase 1: Requirements Analysis (Input & TAM Perceived Usefulness)

o Analyze the feedback from healthcare workers based on the input questions to

define the system requirements. The Perceived Usefulness (PU) of the system

will be assessed to ensure it addresses the needs identified in the input phase.

• Phase 2: System Design (TAM Perceived Ease of Use)

o Design a user-friendly system that integrates all required features while

ensuring ease of use. The Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) will guide the design

to ensure the system is intuitive and reduces complexity for staff.

• Phase 3: Implementation

o Develop and implement the system based on the design phase, ensuring that

data security and privacy measures are integrated. The system will be

structured to improve decision-making through accurate, real-time data.

• Phase 4: Testing

２４
 o Test the system for functionality, security, and ease of use. Feedback from staff

will be used to refine the system, with TAM focusing on PU and PEOU during

user testing.

• Phase 5: Deployment

o The system is rolled out, and staff are trained on its use, emphasizing its

benefits in improving efficiency, security, and decision-making.

• Phase 6: Maintenance

o Continuous monitoring and updates ensure the system remains effective and

that user feedback is incorporated into future improvements.

3. Output:

The output phase includes the BTHCDMS system and its resulting improvements in

healthcare operations. It will focus on key outcomes:

• BTHCDMS System: A centralized, automated system for managing patient data,

appointments, referrals, and reports.

• Improved Efficiency: The system automates manual processes, reducing time spent

on administrative tasks and minimizing errors.

• Enhanced Data Security: The system ensures secure data handling, complying with

privacy regulations.

• Timely Access to Patient Information: The system allows healthcare workers to

access up-to-date, accurate patient data, enhancing decision-making.

２５
 • Increased User Satisfaction: By addressing TAM's Perceived Usefulness (PU) and

Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), the system ensures it is accepted and used effectively

by healthcare staff.

As shown in Figure 2, the conceptual framework for the development of the Barangay

Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS) is structured through the

phases of the Waterfall Model, which includes input, process, and output. The framework is

further integrated with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to ensure the system's

effectiveness and acceptance by the healthcare staff. The input phase involves gathering key

information and addressing specific challenges, followed by the system design,

implementation, and testing processes in the development phase. Finally, the output phase

focuses on the improved system performance, enhanced efficiency, data security, and user

satisfaction, leading to better healthcare service delivery at the Barangay Tinago Health

Center.

２６
 Review of Related Literature

This chapter discusses the existing study in the context of proceeding-related research.

This research study cited articles and systems related to the research topic.

Regional Studies

Barangay Management Information System for Cities and Municipalities in the

Philippines

In the study conducted by Soriano et al. (2018), the Barangay Management

Information System (BMIS) implemented in San Carlos City, Negros Occidental, was found

to be effective in managing administrative processes. This digital platform facilitated tasks

such as handling resident profiles and processing clearances, leading to improved coordination

between barangay offices and city government entities. Inspired by this, Barangay Tinago

could adopt similar systems to enhance both health services and administrative efficiency.

Barangay Health Center Information System in Negros Occidental

Cortez (2019) documented the successful implementation of the Barangay Health

Center Information System (BHCIS) in Negros Occidental, which significantly reduced

errors in manual processes and accelerated patient consultations. The BHCIS model

illustrates the importance of transitioning to a digital system, suggesting that Barangay

Tinago could benefit from adopting a similar health information management approach to

improve patient care and appointment scheduling.

National Studies

２７
B-Health Framework in Barangay Health Centers

An article by Garcia et al. (2021) introduced the B-Health Framework, a web- and

mobile-based application designed to bridge healthcare accessibility gaps in rural

communities. This system enabled real-time health announcements, appointment scheduling,

and patient monitoring through Short Message Service (SMS) notifications. The study

emphasized its potential to streamline operational workflows, making it a valuable model for

Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS).

Foreign Studies

Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) in Healthcare

Schmalzel (2006) introduced Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) as a

framework for real-time monitoring and predictive analytics in the aerospace industry, later

adapted for healthcare settings. For Barangay Tinago, ISHM principles can enhance efficiency

by enabling real-time system monitoring, addressing operational gaps, and improving overall

patient care.

Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems

According to the World Health Organization (2016), Electronic Health Records (EHR)

improve the accuracy and accessibility of patient data, reduce errors, and promote seamless

communication between healthcare providers. Applying EHR technology in Barangay Tinago

Health Center can ensure secure and efficient data management, enabling healthcare workers

to prioritize patient care over administrative tasks.

２８
 In the study by Jabour (2020), the impact of Electronic Health Records (EHR) on

patient visit duration in primary healthcare centers was assessed. The research compared EHR

systems with traditional paper-based methods in both metropolitan and rural areas. While

EHRs did not significantly affect time spent in waiting, consultation, or pharmacy areas, a

noticeable reduction in registration time was observed with the introduction of web-based

booking systems. The study underscores how digital tools can enhance operational efficiency

without significantly altering the patient experience.

In the study by Ng'andu and Haabazoka (2024), the effect of digitizing health records

on healthcare facility operational efficiency was assessed. The research aimed to improve

access to patient information, streamline workflows, and reduce documentation errors in

healthcare settings. The study hypothesized that adopting Electronic Health Records (EHR)

would enhance facility efficiency. A survey was conducted with healthcare professionals and

administrators from ten public health facilities in Lusaka, and the data revealed significant

benefits in terms of workflow optimization, time efficiency, and documentation accuracy.

In the study by Ayaad et al. (2019), the impact of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs)

on healthcare service quality was examined by comparing hospitals with EMR adoption to

those using paper-based records. The study, conducted in two public hospitals in Jordan, found

that hospitals using EMRs exhibited higher quality in healthcare services across various

domains, such as efficiency, availability, fulfillment, and privacy. The findings suggest that

the adoption of EMRs significantly enhances the quality of healthcare services, improving

both the perception and expectations of healthcare professionals.

Health Information Systems in Rural Areas: Case Study from India

２９
 A study by Ghosh et al. (2017) highlighted the impact of digital health information

systems in improving healthcare delivery and patient satisfaction in rural India. Access to

accurate and real-time patient data significantly enhanced care quality. Similarly, integrating

a digital management system in Barangay Tinago could address existing challenges in manual

record-keeping and elevate service standards.

Moreover, the review of related literature explores various studies and theories

relevant to developing and implementing digital health systems, focusing on how these

systems can improve healthcare operations, data security, and patient management. The

related literature addresses the integration of Health Information Systems (HIS), Electronic

Health Records (EHR), the role of data security and privacy, and the adoption of technologies

in healthcare settings. These findings provide important insights into how the Barangay

Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS) can enhance operational

efficiency, patient care, and staff productivity.

３０
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher will employ a descriptive research design, which, as Creswell

(2014) highlighted, is effective for examining current processes and evaluating systems to

uncover relationships and patterns. This design will analyze the manual healthcare processes

at Barangay Tinago Health Center and assess the effectiveness of the Barangay Tinago Health

Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS). The study will also integrate the

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), as proposed by Davis (1989), to evaluate perceived

usefulness, ease of use, and user acceptance, ensuring that the system aligns with user

expectations.

Additionally, the study conducted will adopt the Waterfall Model as the

framework for system development. Royce (1970) emphasized the utility of this model in

sequentially organizing the development process into phases like requirement gathering,

design, testing, and deployment. This structured approach enhances system reliability and

reduces implementation risks, aligning with the health center's need for a robust and

dependable solution.

Research Locale/Research Environment

The research will be conducted at Barangay Tinago Health Center in Bayawan

City, Negros Oriental. The health center is the primary setting for healthcare services to the

residents of Barangay Tinago and surrounding areas. This study will focus on the daily

３１
operations and the challenges healthcare workers face in managing patient records, referrals,

and appointments, particularly with the current manual system.

Barangay Tinago Health Center, Bayawan City, Negros Oriental

Figure 3: Location of Barangay Tinago Health Center, Bayawan City

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study will include healthcare workers who are directly

involved in managing patient records and services at the Barangay Tinago Health Center.

These individuals play a key role in the healthcare process and are expected to provide

valuable insights into the existing challenges and the potential improvements that can be made

with the implementation of a digital management system.

The respondents include:

• 1 Midwife

３２
 • 1 Nurse

• 11 Barangay Health Workers (BHWs)

• 1 Barangay Nutrition Scholar (BNS)

These individuals are expected to provide feedback on their experiences with the

current system and their expectations for a digital solution.

Research Instrument

This study will use two main instruments to collect data:

1. Likert Scale Questionnaire

A Likert Scale questionnaire will be used to gather quantitative data from the

respondents. The questionnaire will include statements regarding the perceived

effectiveness, ease of use, and usefulness of the current manual system and the

proposed BTHCDMS. Respondents will be asked to rate their agreement with each

statement on a scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The

questionnaire will also include items based on the Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM), specifically focusing on:

o Perceived Usefulness (PU): The degree to which healthcare workers believe

that using the BTHCDMS will enhance their job performance.

o Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU): The degree to which healthcare workers

believe that using the BTHCDMS will be free from effort.

３３
 o Behavioral Intention to Use (BI): The likelihood of the healthcare workers

intending to use the BTHCDMS in their daily operations.

2. Interview Guide

An interview guide will be used for semi-structured interviews with the healthcare

workers. This qualitative instrument will help gather detailed insights into the

respondents' experiences with patient management, their views on the proposed digital

system, and suggestions for improvement.

Data Gathering Procedure

With the approval of the adviser, the following steps will be followed for data gathering:

1. Preparation and Pilot Testing: The Likert Scale questionnaire and interview guide

will be prepared and pilot-tested to ensure clarity and relevance.

2. Distribution of Questionnaires: The Likert Scale questionnaires will be distributed

to the respondents at the Barangay Tinago Health Center. Respondents will be given

enough time to complete the questionnaire.

3. Conducting Interviews: After the completion of the questionnaires, interviews will

be conducted with selected respondents to collect qualitative data on their experiences

and expectations regarding the BTHCDMS.

4. Data Collection and Compilation: Data from both the questionnaires and interviews

will be compiled and organized for analysis.

３４
Statistical Treatment

The researcher utilized the following statistical methods to analyze the collected data

from the respondents:

Weighted Mean

The weighted mean formula was used to calculate and obtain the average ratings for each item

on the Likert Scale. The formula is:

Where:

WM = Weighted mean

xi = Scale of each item (1 to 5)

wi = Frequency of each scale rating

n = Total number of respondents

３５
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４１
APPENDICES

Appendix A: Likert Scale

Likert Scale Questionnaire for the BTHCDMS

Strongly Strongly
Question Disagree Neutral Agree
Disagree Agree

1. The current system at Barangay

Tinago Health Center is effective in

managing patient records.

2. The new BTHCDMS will improve the

efficiency of managing patient records

and appointments.

3. The user interface of the BTHCDMS

will be easy to use for healthcare
workers.

4. The BTHCDMS will reduce the time

spent on administrative tasks.

5. The BTHCDMS will help reduce

errors in patient data entry.

6. I believe that the BTHCDMS will

enhance patient satisfaction.

7. The BTHCDMS will ensure the

security and privacy of patient data.

４２
 Strongly Strongly
Question Disagree Neutral Agree
Disagree Agree

8. I am confident in the technical support

provided for the BTHCDMS.

４３
Appendix B: Interview Guide

Interview Guide for Healthcare Workers

1. Introduction

o Can you describe your daily tasks at Barangay Tinago Health Center?

o What is your experience with the current system used for patient management?

2. Current System Evaluation

o What challenges do you face when using the current system?

o Are there any features you find lacking or inefficient in the current system?

3. BTHCDMS Expectations

o What features do you expect the new BTHCDMS to have?

o How do you think the new system will impact your daily tasks and
responsibilities?

4. Usability and Security

o Do you feel confident in using digital systems for managing patient data? Why
or why not?

o How important is data security and privacy in the management system, and
what measures do you think should be implemented?

5. Training and Support

o What type of training would you need to use the BTHCDMS effectively?

o How do you prefer to receive support in case of technical difficulties?

４４
Appendix C: Data Tables and Charts

Data Table 1: Respondent Demographics

Category Frequency Percentage

Midwives 1 6.25%

Nurses 1 6.25%

Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) 11 68.75%

Barangay Nutrition Scholar (BNS) 1 6.25%

Others 2 12.5%

Data Table 2: Likert Scale Responses

Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Question
Agree (%) (%) (%) (%) Disagree (%)

The current system is

effective in managing patient 50% 30% 10% 5% 5%
records.

The new BTHCDMS will

60% 25% 10% 5% 0%
improve efficiency.

４５
Appendix D: System Requirements Specification (SRS)

1. Introduction

• System Overview: The BTHCDMS is a digital system aimed at streamlining patient

record management, appointment scheduling, and referrals at Barangay Tinago Health
Center. The system is designed for use exclusively on PCs, laptops, or desktops.
2. System Overview

• Frontend: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript (React.js) – designed to be used in standard web

browsers on PCs, laptops, and desktops.

• Backend: PHP, MySQL Database – supports the required backend functions.

• Hosting: The system will be hosted on a cloud server (e.g., Amazon Web Services)
and accessible via secure web browsers (Google Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari) on
PCs, laptops, and desktops.
3. Functional Requirements

• Patient Record Management: Manage, store, retrieve, update, and delete patient
records through a PC or laptop browser.
• Appointment Scheduling: Schedule, reschedule, and cancel appointments from a
desktop interface.
• Referral Process: Send and receive referrals electronically via desktop access.

• Data Security: Implement secure login and encryption of patient data.

4. Non-Functional Requirements

• Performance: System should load within 3 seconds and handle up to 100 concurrent
users.

• Usability: The system should be user-friendly and accessible via desktops and laptops.

４６
Appendix E: Statistical Treatment

The researcher utilized the following statistical methods to analyze the collected data:

a. Weighted Mean:

The weighted mean was used to compute the average ratings for each item on the Likert Scale.

The formula used was:

Where:

WM = Weighted mean

xi = Scale of each item (1 to 5)

wi = Frequency of each scale rating

n = Total number of respondents

b. Interpretation of Weighted Mean Ratings:

The numerical ratings were interpreted as follows:

(5) 4.21 - 5.0 = Strongly Agree

(4) 3.41 - 4.20 = Agree

(3) 2.61 - 3.40 = Neither Agree nor Disagree

(2) 1.81 - 2.60 = Disagree

４７
(1) 1.00 - 1.80 = Strongly Disagree

c. Percentage Distribution:

The percentage distribution was calculated using the following formula:

Where:

f = Frequency of each response

N = Total number of respondents

This formula helped in understanding the proportion of each response category, providing

insights into the general sentiment of the respondents regarding the system.

４８
 Letter to the Participant

November 27, 2024

MRS. JUDITH T. MONTECINO

Midwife
Barangay Tinago Health Center
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental

Dear Mrs. Montecino,

We, the 3rd-year Bachelor of Science in Information Technology students from the College of Arts and Sciences,
Negros Oriental State University - Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus would like to conduct a case study entitled
“Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS)” as part of our academic
requirements for the System Design and Analysis course. This project aims to improve healthcare delivery by
digitizing patient records and streamlining the referral process.

Your participation in this project is crucial in helping us understand the community's needs and ensure that the system we

develop effectively addresses these requirements. Participation involves providing feedback through interviews, surveys, or

usability testing sessions, which will be conducted at a time and place convenient for you.

Your insights and experiences are invaluable to this project and will contribute to improving healthcare services in Barangay

Tinago. We assure you that all information provided will be treated with strict confidentiality.

Thank you for your time and support. God bless.

Sincerely,
JELAICA B. TABAÑAG KYLA MARIE S. BELNAS LUDELYN T. LOCANILAO
Researcher Team Researcher Team Researcher Team

OWEN B. SUBRIVEGA RON ALLEN R. PILONGO

Researcher Team Researcher Team

Noted by:

MR. JOVANY B. CASTILLO

Subject Instructor

４９
 Informed Consent

November 27, 2024

MRS. JUDITH T. MONTECINO

Midwife
Barangay Tinago Health Center
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental

Dear Mrs. Montecino,

We are 3rd-year BSIT students from the College of Arts and Sciences, NORSU-Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus, is conducting
a case study entitled “Barangay Tinago Health Center Digital Management System (BTHCDMS)” for our System
Design and Analysis course. This project aims to improve healthcare delivery by digitizing patient records and streamlining
the referral process.

Purpose:
To design and implement a digital system to enhance patient record and referral management at Barangay Tinago Health
Center.

Procedures:
You will be asked to participate in interviews, surveys, or system testing, with activities lasting approximately [duration] at
[location].

Voluntary Participation:
Participation is voluntary, and you may withdraw at any time without penalty.

Confidentiality:
All information will be kept confidential and used only for this study.

Consent Statement:
By signing below, you agree to participate under the outlined terms.

Participant's Signature: _______________________Date: _________________________

Thank you for your support and valuable contribution!

Sincerely,
JELAICA B. TABAÑAG KYLA MARIE S. BELNAS LUDELYN T. LOCANILAO
Researcher Team Researcher Team Researcher Team

OWEN B. SUBRIVEGA RON ALLEN R. PILONGO

Researcher Team Researcher Team

N
Noted by:

MR. JOVANY B. CASTILLO

Subject Instructor

５０
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Jelaica B. Tabañag

[email protected]

09618926961

Address: J.P., Rizal St., Tinago, Bayawan City, Negros Oriental

Age: 21

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Bible Baptist

Date of Birth: June 22, 2003

Name of Mother: Judith B. Tabañag

Name of Father: Carlito M. Tabañag Jr.

II. Education Background:

Elementary: Bayawan City East Central School

AY 2015-2016

Secondary:

Senior High: Bayawan National High School – Senior High School

AY 2021-2022

Junior High: Bayawan National High School

５１
 AY 2019-2020

Undergrad:

Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSINT)

Year Level: Third Year Student

School: Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) – Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus

III. Scholarship Grant

５２
 Ron Allen R. Pilongo

[email protected]

'[email protected]

Address: Purok 08, Sitio Bago, Brgy. Amio, Santa Catalina Negros Oriental

Age: 24

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Date of Birth: March 30, 2000

Name of Mother: Erlinda Ramirez Pilongo

Name of Father: Rizalino Ib-ib Pilongo

II. Education Background:

Elementary: Amio Elementary School

AY 2011-2012

Secondary: Amio Comprehensive High

Undergrad:

Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSINT)

Year Level: Third Year Student

School: Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) – Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus

５３
III. Scholarship Grant

５４
 Kyla Marie S. Belnas

[email protected]

09971863605

Address: Martirez Extension, Poblacion Sta. Catalina, Negros Oriental

Age: 22

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Date of Birth: November 06, 2002

Name of Mother: Marivic S. Belnas

Name of Father: Teresito O. Belnas

II. Education Background:

Elementary: Sta. Catalina Central Elementary School

AY 2015-2016

Secondary:

Senior High: Sta. Catalina National High School- Senior High School

AY 2020-2021

Junior High: Bayawan National High School

AY 2018-2019

Undergrad:

５５
 Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSINT)

Year Level: Third Year Student

School: Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) – Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus

III. Scholarship Grant

５６
 Ludelyn T. Locanilao

[email protected]
09317080263

Address: Buenavista, Sta. Catalina Negros Oriental

Age: 21

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Date of Birth: May 2, 2003

Name of Mother: Juliet T. Locanilao

Name of Father: Nelson L. Locanilao

II. Education Background:

Elementary: Buenavista Elementary School

AY 2016-2017

Secondary:

Senior High: San Miguel High School

AY 2021-2022

Junior High: San Miguel High School

AY 2019-2020

５７
Undergrad:

Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSINT)

Year Level: Third Year Student

School: Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) – Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus

III. Scholarship Grant

５８
 Owen B. Subrivega

[email protected]
09510555625

Address: Cawitan Sta. Catalina Negros Oriental

Age: 21

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Date of birth: June 15, 2003

Name of Mother: Luzviminda B. Subreviga

Name of Father: Ricardo C. Subreviga

II. Educational background

Elementary: Cawitan Elementary School

AY 2013-2014

Secondary:

Senior High: Sta. Catalina National High School

AY 2020-2021

Junior High: Sta. Catalina National High School

AY 2018-2019

Undergrad:

Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSINT)

５９
 Year Level: Third Year Student

School: Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) – Bayawan Sta. Catalina Campus

III. Scholarship Grant

６０