BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

College of Engineering Department

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
BISCAST 98, Peñafrancia Ave, Naga, Camarines Sur
A/Y 2024-2025

Laboratory Report #2 in
Physics for Engineers/ Engineering Technologists

ACCELERATION: MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

DE BELEN, ANGELICA B.
GENIO, BRYLE ANGELO L.
HERNANDEZ, MARTIN BENITO II R.
LAVANDERO, JEMWELL S.
PASA, ENELL DEXTER N.
POSTIGO, CHRISTOPHER N.

Submitted to:

Engr. Axel M. Gayondato

PFEN001A Instructor

BSCE – 2B
September 30, 2024
I. INTRODUCTION

When an object falls freely it simply means that it is affected by gravity

regardless of other forces such as air resistance. In physics, freefall is connected
to objects that are affected by the Earth's gravity. Objects that are accelerated due
to gravity have an acceleration of 9.81 m/s².
Many things, including an object's free fall, can be identified using the
ideas of velocity and acceleration, as demonstrated in this lab exercise. In terms
of an object, velocity is the rate at which its location changes in relation to a
period and frame of reference. It is a vector quantity, in which both magnitude
and direction are present. When the velocity changes, either in magnitude or
direction, it is referred to as acceleration. Herein lies the significance of the
concept of acceleration.
On the other hand, acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity
with respect to time. Additionally, it is a vector quantity and the position's second
derivative with respect to It is also known as the first derivative of velocity with
respect to time.
Regarding the experiment that was carried out, the equations in kinematic
were utilized to illustrate the phenomenon of an object falling freely for a period
(t) second, with terminal velocity (v), caused by gravity (g), from a height will be
as follows:
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡
1
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑉 2 = 𝑉𝑖 2 + 2𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖 )
Were,
x is the position of the object
V is the final velocity
g is the acceleration due to gravity
t is the time taken
 In addition, as the experimenters, we would be investigating the subjects
of velocity and speed in connection to the idea of freefall. This lab exercise seeks
to comprehend the link between acceleration and velocity using graphical
analysis, as well as finding the height by utilizing the idea of items falling freely.

II. EXPERIMENT DESCRIPTION

This section depicts the equipment and materials used particularly during the
experiment, as well as the step-by-step technique.

A. MATERIALS and EQUIPMENT USED

Table 1. Materials and equipment

Materials
Equipment

Cellphone Object A: Object B:

(Alternative Rock Branch of Tree
Stopwatch)

The experiment utilized materials and equipment including a rock, a piece

of wood, and a stopwatch. The rock served as the test object in the first three
trials of setup one, while the wood branch was used in setup two. A phone was
employed as the timing device.
 B. LABORATORY EXECUTION PROCEDURE

Before the experiment began, tasks were allocated among the team
members: Mr. Hernandez and Mr. Postigo were tasked with recording the
data for each trial; Ms. De Belen and Mr. Pasa took pictures of the
experiment; Mr. Genio was responsible for dropping the objects from the
second floor of the engineering building; and Mr. Lavandero oversaw the
stopwatch and timekeeping. The team made sure all preparations were
complete and coordinated to ensure the experiment was conducted safely.

The experiment took place in the engineering building on campus,

consisting of three trials for each setup. For the first setup, Object A was
dropped from the second floor, and the fall duration was measured in seconds,
with results recorded in a table. The same procedure was followed for the
second setup using Object B.

To analyze the data, the experimenters calculated the final velocity of each
object just before impact and the height from which it was released, based on
the recorded times and the acceleration due to gravity. Finally, they derived
the average values from all trials conducted.

III. DATA

A. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

60

50
Distance (m)

40

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5
Time (s)

Figure 1. Relationship between Time and Distance in 10 m/s Average

Velocity
 The above figure shows the relationship between the time and
distance of a body moving with the average velocity of 10 meter per
seconds. The graph shows the proportional relationship between time and
distance, this means that as time increases from 1s to 5s the distance also
increases at a constant rate. The distance of the body for every second
increased by 10 meters, and its consistent at any point of time. In addition,
since the velocity is constant of 10 meters per second there is no change in
velocity meaning the acceleration is zero.

140

120

100
Distance (m)

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5
Time (s)

Figure 1. Relationship between Time and Distance in 10 m/s2 Uniform

Acceleration

The figure above shows that the relationship of time and distance
under a uniform acceleration is not proportional, it means that as the time
increases the distance covered by the body is greater. The graph shows the
non-proportional relationship when time is 1 second the distance covered
by the body is 5 meters, when the time are 2s, 3s 4s and 5s the distance is
20m, 45m, 80m and 125 m respectively. In addition, the curvature of the
line indicates that a body with constant acceleration it covers more distance
as time progresses.
B. ACCELERATION OF MOTION DUE TO GRAVITY

Table 2. Results of Object A (Rock)

OBJECT A TIME (s) FINAL HEIGHT
VELOCITY
TRIAL 1 0.60s -5.88 m/s 1.76m

TRIAL 2 0.58s -5.68 m/s 1.65m

TRIAL 3 0.60s -5.88 m/s 1.76m
AVERAGE 0.59s -5.81 m/s 1.72m

Table 3. Results of Object B (Branch of Tree)

OBJECT B TIME (s) FINAL HEIGHT
VELOCITY
TRIAL 1 0.88s -8.62 m/s 3.79m

TRIAL 2 0.71s -6.96 m/s 2.47m

TRIAL 3 0.84s -8.23 m/s 3.46m

AVERAGE 0.81s -7.94 m/s 3.24m

Figure 3. Computation for the % Difference between results for Object A and Object B

𝐻𝐴 − 𝐻𝐵
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = × 100%
𝐻𝐴

1.72 − 3.24
%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = × 100%
1.72

% Difference = 88.37%
IV. CONCLUSION
The experiment conducted provide a valuable insight to the relationship between time
and distance given a certain condition, and the activity conducted help us the experimenter to
answer the following questions

1. What are your observations as to the relationship between distance and time in Figure
1?

The relationship between distance and time are shown in the figure 1, first, we observe
that the line produce by the coordinate is a straight line and it depict that the distance is
proportional to time, second when the velocity is constant we observe that at any point of time
like for example 1.5s or 1.19s it is also produce a straight line motion, in other words as long
as it is a constant velocity at any point of time, distance and time is proportional. Finally, we
observe that the body in that graph is not accelerating since from the definition of acceleration
it is the change of velocity but in this case the body is in constant velocity meaning there is no
change in velocity

2. How do Figures 1 and 2 differ from each other? Discuss relationship between
acceleration and velocity.

Figures 1 and 2 can be differentiated by the type of line produced. Figure 1 creates a
straight line, which means there is a proportional or linear relationship between distance and
time when the velocity is constant. On the other hand, Figure 2 creates a curved line, which
represents that the distance covered by the body is increasing at a greater rate as time
progresses, or in other words, the velocity is changing. The relationship between velocity and
acceleration is that velocity is the change of rate of distance with respect to time and
acceleration is the rate of change in velocity with respect to time. In the experiment when the
velocity is constant, there is no acceleration since acceleration is defined as the rate of change
in velocity with respect to time. However, when the body is accelerating in Figure 2, the
velocity is changing.

3. What are the probable reasons for the % Difference between the two set of
Experiments?

The significant disparity in the heights that Object A and Object B achieved when dropped
from the same position outside a structure can be caused by a few possible reasons; One
could be the objects weight and composition wherein Object A is a solid rock and Object B
is a branch of Wood, whereas they weigh different and made differently, Heavier or denser
Objects fall quicker, whereas light object fall slowly. Also, one reason in difference in heights
is their shape, the way object falls can also be influenced by their size, given that Object A
is a solid rock with rectangular shape whereas the Object B is a long-rounded shape that
could resist more air, with this larger object may slow down more. The weather condition is
one of the main reasons why there is a gap between two objects, since the experiment is
performed outside. When we conduct the experiment, the weather outside is not that windy.
If there was wind or the weather was different when objects were dropped, it could have
played a role.
V. ANNEX
A. Materials and Equipment used during the experiment

B. The Execution of the experiment

C. The Raw Computations