Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) Engineering, Mathematies -T1 By Gulshan Sir UNIT: Sequence and Series Lecture- 1 Today's Target > Sequence > Univ. Questions Sequence ond Series LS e | 2. Series 3. Fourier Series A function whose el . of natural number (N) and whose range. Ast he subset of any set ‘S’ is called a sequence. Es f: Cae oo It is denoted by >In Sequence , every element is separated by comma (1) Real sequence (ok sequence of real numbers) A_sequence whose yonge is any subset of Real number R, is called a eal sequence. Download Gateway Classes App [5f 5 g oS Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYOs apnea Notes Slotion eet JaeGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir LN—>R Example a = {2,3,4,5. (2) Range of Sequence: The set of all distinct terms “of @ sequence js called its m= CU" ¥ NEN iy, - =f-Lb-Lbad ee} Range 4 fi95-0 ) ing Gi) t= nt _¥ NéEN vy ty bi = (149. 16, 26... Jae f =C 149,16, 20...5 Nl (3) Constant Sequence a oh A Sequence = deffbs eczzl¥ néN is called constant sequence. ph va ={C, C. Cag 5 Kent ae Range 0 of <%_¥ ie Download Gateway Classes App [Sf EL Ee] See Helpline No, : 7455 9612 84 POF PYGs = Recorded «ES Notes Solution Lectures. GistGateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) ByGulshan Sir Bounded and Unbouncled Sequences (t) ened Above Sequence e is said fo be bounded above if da real ryt such _+hat a Mn eéEN where Kis the Upper Bound of | Example : The Sequence defined by e n€EN 2-1 -2,-8 ub On < =I | Upper bound = | (2) Bounded Below _. Sequence A sequence is caidas bounded below if da Yeal number k such sh ce "lh ay gon, th, [an >k] + oe! where k is the Jo Wind £0n> nt of clefined by Kad ={2,4,8, 6, .......4 Oy = 2 lower Bound = 2 Download Gateway Classes App [=f FS & g Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 ne PYQs Recorded (Gry Notes Solution Lectures SEEMSGateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) _ By Gulshan Sir (3) Bounded sequence A Sequence is said to be bounded if 4 two real numbers k and K (k is said to - be convergent it lim an = Finite andl Unique _ nao |Note: Every convergent sequence is bounced Example: Test +he convergence of On = Hig Tt n is even tt ni i =i 4 lit a= fn ca , =. % aj=b oo ba is finite ond ‘prique 2. Tt_is_ convergent =0 Divergent Seq Seque st a ‘ig A_sequence neither converge too finite mumber nor diverge foc or -oo ,ft fs called an oscillatory sequence There are two types of Oscillatory Sequence a 1. Oscillate_Finitely Sequence: A bounded Sequence which does not Coverage is Said to Oscillate Finitely. Example: Discuss the convergence of On i} n is even y} nis odd 1-3 09 on it = lim (-) i = clit Oy, = lim © lima Canet 2. Oscillate Infinitely s : does not diverge said to be Oscillate Tnfinitely Sequence um Ul (ie Example : Consille the sequence a= (-I"n ¥ ne N T{ nis even JT} nis odd fim Oy, = lim 1" 2n | Li = lim Cy"! Con 41) nao now noo nan =1xX2x 09 = -1xo0 = 0 =-0 Tt is an oscillate intinitely aro | expsge & Download Gateway Classes App [= Fe | Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYOs Recorded BE Deweowt Aor Notes Solution Lectures GARGateway Classes Engg. Maths-!I (BAS-203) - By Gulshan Sir Monotonic Sequences 1. Monotonic Sequence: A sequence is Said to be svowatee monoti@nic if if is either monotonically increasing or _ monotonically clecreasing. % Monotonic. Increasing Sequence: A sequence is said to be monotically increasing it Oy Dig —a { hi Strictly Monotonic Increasing Sequ A Sequence fs said to be strictly monotonicgtly increasing it Mit < tlh % A nh ath 4. Monotonic Decreasi i : A sequence is said to be monotonically _clecréliging’ Ch Nhat H) On 2 Ons S. Strictly Monotonic Decreasing Sequence: A sequence is said to be strictly monotonically decreasing it On > One Download Gateway Classes App [> Bae Helpline No.: 74559612 84 POF pas Recorded REE,Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 6. Strictly Monotonic Sequence: A Sequence <> is said to be Strictly monotonic ff it is either strictly monotonically inereasing or strictly monotonically clecreasing. Convergence of Monotonic Sequences 1. Monotonic increasing + bounded above = convergent. ly ‘bounded above , 4. Tf a Monotonic increasing sequence is not __it_cliverge to + 00. at i 4. Tf a Monotonic decreasing seguieries fs rink sealed! bale, it diverge to -o. . Mugall a _ ely SA Monotonic and bor ded Sequence is convergent. oh nce of the sequence where Oy ="! n = 14 a 00 0 lim Q, = lim n+) I+ 1 O° noo Hy =1 now = fim (+4) Limit is finite ond unique TH is a convergent sequence Download Gateway Classes App [> &) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF —PYQs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-lI (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 19.2 Discuss the convergence of the sequence where Oy = N+) a n+! lim Oy = lim n+t N60 ne nt] = tim (i+) N32 Wnt te) co is, a ay 12.3 Discuss the convergeinée’ f the sequence _ where limit Is finite cd unique Tt_is_a convergent sequence Download Gateway Classes App [=f fe See Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs — Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir &4 Discuss the convergence of the sequence where Ma SAE eaten tak - 3n Given Sequence aia Bin ( S= ad-i" rI 8.5_Give_an_ example of o rong “increasing sequence which is (4) Convergenfan @ Divergent ipl Leto, = Th =e = ar a 5 es limit is finite ond unique i It is a caaeged Hence. Let on = is monetonic ine = ,2,3,4, . Sequence | TH is monotonic increasing Sequence limo, = lim. tim | lima, 2 limn N70” nO Hay n+! A hy 00 now 7) zh Tt is an divergent Download Gateway Classes App [=f ce See Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 Recorded Notes Solution Lectures GUAE-EMGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir ppp: Q.] Diseuss the convergence of the Sequence where | ge NA net] 10.2 Clive an example of a monotonic decreasing sequence which is Ch Convergent tiny (2 Divergent Download Gateway Classes App [Sf ce Sis Helpline No. 455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded ~ : Notes Solutien Lectures GREoo Gateway Classes | Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Unit: Sequence ond Series Lecture - 2 Today's Target >» Introduction to Series > Univ. Questions 1. Sequence 2. Series 8. Fourier Series Series: A Series is ~the sum fo ene,” ~ f | Cig Let = uy. , Nbe_a given sequence Then " is_called Serlegay: = ay "id Example di) 2+ de Bie ) Ages Be a ees Finite Series T{ the number of terms in a. series are finite then it is | called finite Series. n = Up = Up b Up + Ug t= on Uy, n= Download Gateway Classes App SF Tl GE] Syke Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs = Recorded e Notes solon Tscrres NERGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Infinite Series 14 the number of terms in series are int is_called an infinite Series. oo = Uy = a Up = Uy + Up + Ug to. Ug rt’ Portial Sum The Sum of the first n terms of a series is called nih portial sum alt Sy = Uy + Up t Ugt 2... +. lh ‘iy ‘ty Ab Positive term Series os The series SUy = Uy+Up + Ug | et Upycbe IS said to be positive term series Hentry term of the series is +ve. ( | AP Series GP Series n, i) , im, First term=a jum I ‘ a Common dlitfereragt" d WO, = a+ Cn-d First term =. Common ratio= r Gi =n -1 Sp of2a+Cn Dal} Sy = acre) rst imal! Gard ,O+2d, ....a+tend 10 ar, ar lar? 20. ore! Download Gateway Classes App [57 fe «See Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF LA Recorded Notes Sol tectures §— RRGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Limif co fie ay] alin (=) Convergent Series _ A series is said to be convergent it slim Sy = finite and unique ee" Finite ond unique lim Sy = lim 2 Tt is a “convergent series 94 00 1 be wn 2 Download Gateway Classes App [Sf = Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded Soon Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Divergent Series A series is said to be divergent it __| lim Sy = +00 or -o0 a ni d+24+2+sy +... n terms! Sp=N(24n-1) |} Tt is on AP z aL das Spy = 1 -Cn=Nel- n= fas Cn-Yel} Sn = fos (n-v] Oscillatory Series o i "4g Mal CL) Osetttate fini Na (2) Osclllate indi wea ___lim_8, = Finite but not unique ha OR Fluctuates between finite limits Download Gateway Classes App [Sf TEL Fs] Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs ~— Recorded Notes Solution Lectures Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 6.2 Test -the convergence of the series: L+24+3+U+54 Oseillate finitely :- A series is Oscillate _ finitely it FRGateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Q.3 Examine the nature of the series 1-1+1-1+1-I+.-.... nf? It nis even | T#'n is odd limS,_. 0.14 nis even | Finite but not unique noe It is an_oscillate firitely lims, = 1. I? n is odd n-700 Oscillate infinitely r= A_series is Oscillate Ris it inn sp_= Flutuates behieen — ep ee « Q4 Examine -the nature of thal sies 1-243-“45-64...... Ve | Fluctuates between + 00 and — 00 It is an oscillate infinitel Tf nis s odd Sp = nt 2 Download Gateway Classes App [5 Helpline No. ; 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Geometric Series and their nature An infinite Geometric series with Common ratio r is o DM sreraaerts... 00 n=l () Convergent if -I Gi) Divergent if Peg Q4 Test the convergence of the series (+1414 14 Zz fs iy Du, = 141 41 ght Here ao abel pel Jun = 14 dr pe de ZL ol atet +t | Zuyq is a Bivergent uo aC] ne pe eh ee Wel es Download Gateway Classes App [2¥ c=) «SRS Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PNG evorde Bis jotes Solution Lectures GUARGateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 8.2 Test the convergence of the series : tated +h a 6 Leh Fyge ie Agee | Yuye 5 2764 nt Sapa cet Sa Here , 93 3s p=3>1 Lup is convergent Comparison Test (For positive term series) J Let ZU, and Sy, be two positive series | Where Xu, = Given series, (Formed with theo i given. series) Find. lim Yn Finite , Fixed or non zero ny, e in. Test is applicable By p-Series Test on Zn (1) Tt Lu, is convergent then Eun is also convergent (2) Tt Zv__is Divergent then Zu, is also Divergent Download Gateway classes App (27 TLE] Re Helpline No. ; 7455 9612 84 POF PYds Recorded it Notes Solution Lectures GANASGateway Classes | Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Important Formulae W) sinx = 2-28 4 oy... 31s! 7! (3) lim (reay" a n200 n 4) Binomial theorem Cl490" = |+nx+ n(n-) yt 21 (ymin )(n-2) 8400 yt 3! lim Un = im mye nen ( Test is applicable By p-series test on Zv, Download Gateway Classes App [=f EA Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 PDF —_PYQs_— Recorded Hotes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-1! (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Lmy,= = + Here p=! Lvp_is_a_clivergent series By comparison test Lun is also Divergent Q4 Test the series: ots 3 I. 2.3 2-84 * aus tet Boe Ee BIS oa 123 g34 34s =_2n-| n(n+))(n+2) anfesy) men( Inf >) (2 -) By_p-series teston | G,=a+Cn-Dd [Ya On = 84+ n-1 etl Sime a4 On= n+2 p=2>1 Hence Evy, is a convergent series By comparison test Zun is also Convergent Auxiliary series lim 4) we QO Download Gateway Classes App [> Fz) Helpline No.: 74559612 84 POF FYQs_— Recorded Notes Solution ‘Web Page 3Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir QS Test the series: +142 42° 4...— Pr uv Let Su, =I 1 dee +e i lita a = lira rar at L x (HES (la leaving first term i Lun = pete irl me (uy ('#4) ex (140) =4 (Finite, fixed and non zero) fra Of te Auxiliary series wef. Aiks a a Divergent series a Comparison test Zur is also Divergent Q6 Test the convergence of the series: S2-1 4 3-1 4 fu-I4._.. 321 we 8) let Tu, = 2-1 S81 fa-! a Sl yer sk O72 3 Download Gateway Classes App [7 El ¢ Helpline No.: 7455961284 PDF = Recorded Hotes Solution Lectures ‘Sold Web PareGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir nef y+y | ys IN 8/1 +21 8 gle} VL -; - =| (Finite -fixed and_non- zero) Test is applicable By p-series test Aux. series afl) Ly Is a convergence series | nv I 14-4 | lim Un — lim By comparison test Lun is also convergent: 0-1 Test the series tohose it term is Int+1 - Ur’. let Up = Inte — dns Up = Unbri Sri) x ne n? Un = Sida + fn3 Download Gateway Classes App [= FS Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir lim Un = lim a by p-series test on TVp, N30 Vy NO | Sees ( rg ign ze | p=s>1 (fi+041) * = (Finite, fixed ane non-zere)| Hence Lv, is convergent series By comparison test Compavison test is applicable __| up, is also convergent. 08 Test the series whose ri +erm is Cnt)". y Un = (n341)*—n MY ih Un =n(t+L)\S—n Hint = lim 11-1 wmf ape ak ls he - un = nf (I+ )8 -!) “ lim Un = 4 (Finite, fixed non-zere) tn enf (trea, 88 st Kde)-) me Va i ip Comparison test is applicable i) by p-series test on Vp © Smelt ty = Bf depen) pet nls ow Hence Ivy is a convergent series Mjvoe cil sal Beles } By comparison test nL 3 on8 Zuy_is_also convergent i a5,32 Download Gateway Classes App > = {E FE) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded Hotes Solution Lectures. GUEGateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) - By Gulshan Sir Q.9 Test the series whose ri” term is + sin =} sin L Comparison test is applicable de. maawns a ay eras ‘ by p-series test = ext Hae =f! + Hhtpedt J] Tune 51, Aux. series, Vy ot p= 2>1 Ee Hence lim Un = lim 1/ 1-1 rm! Dv,_is ie t_series mot Vg one #[ are a pe ; io on Eo seri =[1-o+0..-.J ml (i¥i,alb0 convergent series = | (Finite, Fixed £ non-zero) M _ eo Bl In 2H BHD on te Q.2 Test the seltydil 2 ge, +4 c+. a a? gP ge oP Q3 Test the series cos. OF Ao Download Gateway Classes App [=7 3 Fe Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 Rid PYQs «= Recorded jotes Solution Lectures GataGateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir UNIT: Sequence and Series Lecture- 4 Today's Target > p'Alembert Rotio TEST or Ralio test Convergence and clivergence of series (i) P- Series test Gi) Comparison test Gi) DP’ Alembert test | Gv) Raabe's test néeNn ay @ Convergent if fen I Gi) Divergent it pS a il Comparison Test (For positive ‘term series) Let Zu, and Ev, be two positive term series where Lu, = Given series (whose convergence or divergence to be tested) Download Gateway Classes App EF 4 = Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF Pi Recorded Hotes Solution Lectures GUARGateway Classes Engg. Maths-1I (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Ly, = Auxiliary series or p-series (Formed vith the help of given series) Find , _lim Un_— Finite Fixed or non zero Ne Vy || Then Test is applicable By p-Series Test D'Alembert Ratio TEST or Rath iN : For positive term series Find CW) Un Lun is Divergent series if t ira) i Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYGs Recorded Notes Solution Lectures. GitaGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) Ql Test the series: 2 4 27 M4) 2%! 1 Net Fina 1 ty ie ae ors (4) 241 atl " n+l gnt) Cne*+1 = 2" (nee nt} 2" Una = Un Un+t Un Lear eon+1) Un+! Cn x2"x2 Un Un+t a N+ 2n 42 2(nt+1) nity 2 Bl! pc : Q.2 Test the series: 2! 4_3! 3 * | Let Lut, = 2b aS! pl». ! a, © lim un _ linn n300 Un-+t noo = (n+2)! gntl Download Gateway Classes Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 By Gulshan Sir fe Ee 31 a lim n+ 2n¢2 nom o(nt+l) wi) wel a a By Ratio test 2un is a Divergent series | = = cmp! yg 3" (n+2)! = Lntd! x 3x3 3" x (n42)(n4)! =—s. n+2 a Un Un+! Un Una & Recorded Lectures PYOs SolutionGateway Classes Engg. Maths-!I (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir lim Un _ fim _3 eat ig 2 n300 Uns} AI@ ns2 » By_Ratio test Zu, is a Divergent series 0.3 Test the series: +X 4.2% 4 wb4 0 + 2s Wo Let Duy = t+ Hg ry 08 pe 2° 6 i leaving first term Lua = Ho 5 pest Bape 2° § nat By Ratio test Lun is Divergent it Lal ok 4) Zu, is convergent if. 1 >) oR %<) (n+) xx” xe * =n ten +2 Test dail if ed OR X=) | (nts lim Un _ tim ye+on+2. For x=] use comparison test 738 Una 97 (ray Put x=1 in © = lim nt (pt Pn) oj walle ell, ~ neo pp (14 Ynr) x n41 n?( 14 Yt) Download Gateway Classes App [57 & Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF _PYQs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Aux. Series by p-series test on Ey, Zy= rs p= 2>! Hence Xv_ is a convergent series By comparison test Eun fs also a convergent series =! CFirite, pixecl and non-zere) Comparison test is applicable 8.Y_ Test the series: cas ie Let Tuy =o +974 95 + aM 4 2 84 56 18 = Uy =e" = fy na Ya lim Conti (n+) (2n-) an | \ }m30 Ung = 7 Con—-)x “hk Uney = xt wi 7 (HHL) (IHL) Cons) 2 (np! me wate n. Un af 5 2n4Dx2(n4 = (2+0) Ci+0) Un+t ~ Cons) xan etl (2-0)m Un_ — 2" (an+i) (nt) lim Un Uner (2D 21 x M9 Ung % By Ratio Test Un. (an+D(n+1) Zun is convergent it ty] ok x<) h (2n-1) x £ * Download Gateway Classes App [2° = See Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs = —- Recorded : ome Gant~ Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Xup is Divergent if 1 <1 of >I lim vn — i (Finite, Fred & non-zero) x N39 Vy | Test tall tet ok x=! Using comparison test fut_x=1 in O Salis ___2n(2n-l) a ant(2—-Yn) Aux. Series 1 wnt "90 gnrt(d—Wn) | Comparison test is applicable By p-series test ry == te pe27l Hence Yu, is a convergent By comparis Eun “dlso convergent ea C'Zuy is convergent if x41 itl GD Uy is_divergent it a>) Wee othe series: st the series: eae @.2 Show that ‘the series 14 xloga + x*(loga)* 4 : " ZI is convergent tor all values of x. 0.3 Test the series 5 (dn —n)x" . Download Gateway Classes App Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF js Recorded Notes jon LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir UNIT: Sequence and Series Lectue- © Today's Target > RARBE's TEST D' Alembert Ratio TEST or Ratio test For positive term series Let Lu, = Given series em itty ul Find G) Un GW) Unset a Ci)_lirm_Ya_ st N00 Und) Lu, is convergent series api Ay Lun is divergent serigs\ fe >! Test dail if L=1 Theh|'itse ci) Comparison test ot (i) Raabe's test (i> Logarithmic te {i RARBE'S Test tor positive term series For_positive term series Let Su, = Given series Find - Y Un is convergent seyies if K>I Ci) Un ci Uns | un is divergent series if K Fa i : POF Recorded Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 ee ce, toe_ Gateway Classes _ Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir = +6n+12 —Un*—Br/—4 | _ jim (3+4n) (2n+2) (2n+2) Liat 2(1+ Yn)? 6n+8 =—8to (2n+2)* 2(i+0)> 4 Ul bn? +8 * n(e__1) én’ +8n = | oa $ (any2)? ~'? fim nf_Un_ 4). lim 6n+8n be" nvm i. ) nw (2n42)? teed = lim Loe (34+4In) Fu, ils convérgent = n00 E(t (eu pat Test the convergence of the seriggeid +b, LE oh LBS 984-209 ge hu 2 oy "24g leaving first term . Let Ela a gate LE a+ LBS os i, au 24-6 a ty 4 @ eases ens DYOn+1) yn 2-4. ~ - 2n(2n+2) Un — 13.5 ----(2n- xx", 2-46... 2n(2n+2) Uns 2.6. an 1-3.5--.(an-Y Canta! Ya = 2ne2)W [ln nae] _ Uns Cane) 20% Unt Download Gateway Classes App [> Fl Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYOs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesEngg. Maths-II (BAS-203) lim Un lim (2n42) 190 Uy = 7? (Cans —_lim_n(2+2/n) "7 (2+ Yn) Be od AK HK By Ratio test ZXuq WS convergent ft or X<} Zn is dvergentif 1 <1 or x71 Test foil fob | or X=) Apply Raobe's test fut x=! in @ Un. 2n¢2 Une 2nt! Un f= 2n+2 i Uns ant | Dep 34 8.4.5.6 O2 L4H 4 2! 424 BI gS 4 2 ge us Helpline No. : Gateway Classes By Gulshan Sir +2— 2n4+i an ol Un+) 2n+! n( Ho 4 =" Uns antl lim n(_Un now Ung or wt 7 ay + hilly Luy 18 convergent if x &) i : POF Recorded : jelpline No. : 7455 9612 84 2 i, batt aitUner 2 Unay 07 lim nlog Un n700 neds = a Unst Finally oer lita Jeg Mo a | lim nlog Ya — tg ~ofe* 4 ofS 1 2 on 2 3 Ph PE BAD ay er pOoth 2 Lun is convergent if ned Eun is Divergent if az OL Le Hy Zl yr+ St 984 2 gt ys : Download Gateway Classes App i) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 jen = fih= ater 4 ae OL nlog Un__ — ate® Ele zt in in a Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-il (BAS-203) i nf ge ate, ase, ant 3n 2n> $n By Gulshan Sir sleds +- =(nH) ae — oe? + a8 ntl tne? ane)? Lit (6 tore? __o8e3 an gn? 2(nmD a(neD™ + note? _ nade’ Zl) “ant et POF Motes aehy ‘ates ‘= 0 - aso =) PYOs Recorded : solution ‘Tectures — QUERE |Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Fourier Series Lecture-1 | Today's Target Basics of Fourier Series 1. Periodic 4unction A function fo which repeat it self after fired period (T) is called periodic function of period T ie. f(n+ T= Fo Example Cy) fOU= sine Ft 2n) = sin (x+2%) = sinx =fo FCx42n) = Fd} T= 2r| (2) Fcw) = cosx ! Flat on)= Foy | f(x+2n) = cos (x+2K) a 5,30 Download Gateway Classes App [=f Ee) " » : POF PYG Recorded : Reine terest Notes Solution Lectures GiGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir (a) Sinnx, cosnx are periodic fun ction riod = 2 i n () Fourter series is defined for periodic function (2) Trigonometric Idendities "@ seco) = sec ) sin(-@)=-sinB — @pl)tane)=~tanp.. @ A important Property of Defivite Integral, fF fem = 2 ["Fovdx i Tf fov is an even function My Tf fey is an odd function (2) Cos 8) = cos® W cot eo _( cosec(-)=-cosec® Mas! Naat W) Even ond Odd Function: ci) Even Function Adunction is said be even if Example (2) fow = x2 (1) FOr) = Cosx FLW = Cw F-w)= cos) = cosx = xt $0 = foo tew= foo ) tov= sin’x | fen)= sinrx fou = Csinw™ Fen=lsinca}* = (sin S530 Download Gateway Classes App [7 & i f POF —_FYQs Recorded : Helpline Na. 7a ez Notes Solution Lectures AERGateway Classes Engg. Maths-I! (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Froperties of an even tunclion (a) Graph ef even function is symmetrical about Y-cixis. food = x* few= osx (b) Tf tov is an even function then. Ffeova =2 f tf ovdlx ci) Odd Function A function is satd beuOdd if fe9) =f (0) Example @ foy=sinx |b) Fove sintx © twee (d) fow= xs Few =sinew | foy= Csin? | foment few ev =-anx | few={snent?| [few=-fov|| ¢ ew =-x8 feo =-FOw] | f-w= Cai cx) = - fou Download Gateway Classes App [57 ce See Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYOs = Recorded Notes Solution Lectures GAREGateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Froperties of odd +unction a) The graph $(») of an odel function is symmetrical about origin and in opposite quadrant. Ftmy= x y fows= sinn ) Tf foo is an odd function then S foodn =0 ] Important Points aly ul ci Even function x Even dywetion = Even_unction | cil) Odd function xuddd unction = Even function cit) Even function xodd dunction = Odd 4unetion cw) Odel function x Even, fumetion = Odd function © Integration by parts Javan = ufy dx ~ { (u'fuan) dx Download Gateway Classes App EY Tai FE) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF —_PYOs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Shortcut Method Juv dx = uy, -u'y, tu, — uy © Two Important results Ic) fem sinbx du =e (asin be - bees bx) +c at be a jen cosbudx = _@™ (acosbx +bsin,bo ah+b> Lo Trigonometric: Taentifs G) LZsink cosA = sin2h sino=o sinx=0 sinnx=0 | sin (A-B) @ Zsinh ws B= sin(a+B) sin(A-B) | (y) 2eosA cos B= cos (A+B) + cos (A-B) A>B © 2 sinA &nB = cos(A-B)- tos (A+B) Fourier Series: An intinite series of periodic function in terms of trigonometric functions (sinx,cosx) is called as Fourier Series. Download Gateway Classes App EY Jz) Fe) ea : POF PYQs Recorded “f . Helpline No. :7455 961284 fF, fies, iccwies GERa ~ Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir | Fourier Series for the qanction $0) In the interval is given by 1 length of interval = 2m oO 00 FW = Mo 4 Foy cosmm +2 bp sinnx emer nel fel Te2r n= t SE ecosnnd | | bn aL {oo dime € Above formulae are also called Euler's formulae. Constant ay, % ,and bn ate called Fourier, coefficient. O32 | Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 PDF _PYQs Recorded Hotes Solution Lectures “Wit Be a Download Gateway Classes App [57 i]‘Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Fourier Series Lectuve - 2 Today's Target Problems based on the interval loc xeon] Fourier Series or the function ftv in the interval o< %<2m is given by Hwee Zan cosnx +S by sinnx | here a [foods [ements pele [bee i Ci few sin nx dx O41 Obtain the Fourier serigs, to" represent fov=1 (x-20* in the interval 0<%4 2x wo ett Ly rtd om Gi) 1. ts oe c* 8 Let Sov at (a-0* = fey 2 iq cosne + Z bn sinnx =D n=} ie Download Gateway Classes App EF ‘Tz EE) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF —_PYQs Recorded Notes Solution Lectures~ Gateway Classes — Engg. ee (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir aL i fovdx = 4 L (x-ntde = f [ote et few" a = Ll Wy ")3 i (-&) = g nafs Fcn) cosnxdx = +f (x-%)* cos nnobe. x0)" cos nn let = fone) a (a one [a (nga) -2(0-h ses)- ln)" “4 (x-x)* sina dx = 4{ bre Lf Crt den sinnx coe Yn J, a Download Gateway Classes App [EY TS FE] & Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 ADE, fits Recorded Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir bre [oe (2) < {-2 (nv {= sin 0) + + (casa) UK n nz nt Ji, bp aff or cosnx_~ 2 (x-») sinnx + 2cosnx a Un, n n® n3 lo 2 ee Dt 2. (z 0+) Cos8% + cosYx + Los Sx 4 --~ 2 7 . -® 25,52 Download Gateway Classes App F¥ ‘T= FE) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF FYGs Recorded Notes Solution Lectures hyn’Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir fut mee in @ ee oe eee aha “ir ce F ys issu! 1 @.2 Expand fin = xXsinx, 0 On = +f fem cosnx de = x] nKeinxcosnxdy modem (2 eosnx dinx)dm e2f xfain (ney) - sin (nx- 13] de = ef e[sintooe -sin GaDx} do = h[* ie Costns1® 4 cos Cn-1)% -{, sin LGnd.1) + Sintra} )"* an (n+!) Cn-1) Jor ‘Tentpt (n-1)? fi Hl ah ogg 9) Ware) 2 “CD (ntl) I) net On = Eft cos nx oboe Oh = Lf msi cosndn 2 fe (2snx eosx) do di Leal § 4 25330 Download Gateway Classes App [7 Fa Z Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 PDF PYG; Recorded OG Notes Solution Lectures rem. Wab PozeGateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir = sin2xda — gh{ supers — ixsin aa) an uy l, p=] 2 mos (n na) lst. — # -[*{ Sinn — sin(ney 2 De seston n+l (n-D> (na? NC — 4 o-f <1 +t i ae gon) { ( oo oa ee né#! p> (nt bum fest sinnx dx bh =4{" finn tinxdy = 2 [xsints dx. Download Gateway Classes App [=> &) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs == Recorded Notes Solution Lectures=#7 Ms bak “(4 -t) xsinK = Oo 2. Download Gateway Classes App [> Helpline No. : 7455961284 FOF PYQs_— Recorded Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir be f= (esetes, abe 2 aK b= z{ (%-xeos 2m) de pel Pte 1 . cos2x lx 2K, 0 2K on =( ‘e sb} x sina + sea] g + z, Gy COs nf Sh, by sinnx ne eine a Solotion Lectures- Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 0.3 Obtain the Fourier series for foo = e% in the interval 0< x< 2K 0 oo oa ale ‘ let fous &— fe +e Gp, Cosnx + s, by sinnx —— o) Euler's Formulae aK Go= 4 f fotdx. toe Ef edn. 2 (ey = ‘ae = ‘ =a =f (E Ya tye FI | n= 4. "Fou eesnady + on On= + eXcosnn ale. 2 J e™eosbxdx = = ~esin by) b ae 3 3 fiom Dal Oe dis, Wl nts nett 7 eal K(n2+) Download Gateway Classes App [> Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 cs . m=] toy sinnad n= fet adn nx ax > 11 OK . {fe smbx ane (asinb» ~beosbx) | t= gs -L(aident J Ao} = ee bn ete e ") bod] om + = fut 04, On anal bn in D to get Yequired series. = Recorded Lectures POF PYGs Hotes SlatonGateway Classes By Gulshan Sir Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) OPP Q.1 Express fv = (xm) in_o Fourier series in the intenal 0 &) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 PDF PYQs — Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 2 (0.0 9.9 3) pel et Re ye Bee nel neg st foy= x™ = fou= Cvr= xt fove foo Hence few is an even Download Gateway Classes App [2f c= Se Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF Yds Recorded FREE: Notes Solution Lectures itGateway Classes Engg. Maths-!I (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir On= Z| xtsinnx 4 2eosnx _ 2sinnx ]~ nx n ne ns lo one Z [ota + te CD" -0-(o+0- d} = afer] fore ote x, F uceyn ay —(-)" cosnn 3 nel ne 2 Fh S fom Graph f(ny= x =K*, 4( ! eri cos 2a —1 cos 8x +1 ost) - a se ue nce A> _y( cosx _ Cos2x 4 cosdx _ costa 4 3 ad gr Be ye futwex, A*=x>_y (xl mt ee Ragan t tt) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 Pid PYQs = Recorded Gj Notes Solution Lectures Gat a Download Gateway Classes App [EY TEL FE] ahs 5 :Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Aa cs Meg Ah ge thy. A= 4 (+ 4 a --~) oP ok gh ge A ane eS 6 TF Bh Ye a oa fut x=0 O=K_Y afl st seaman Ee hee) 2 oes Po ae tks TOS ere *(4 +4 teed + ---) oat 5. . te Download Gateway Classes App [57 ce | «Sas Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 << ita barskare ares Sduton UetetedGateway Classes Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Q2 Finol Fourier series of fo = x8 in (XX), fov= x8 few= exp jews at fEw= foo 4. ton 18 an odd dunction fou = = $ by sinnx { bn = 2f fou sinnxdx = 2 og ‘0 0! me bn=Z( x8 sinnedx rjx 2 b= 2 [ at(~ dg = 8x*(=sinn + 6x ( cosnm) - «(sage)]" by = $e + oe Cv"-0-(0-0 +0 =0) | by = 2f Ben's $e ECU] = 24 ze cul oa +4] @ Download Gateway Classes App & B Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Jed ; Hotes Solution Lectures. SJEGateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir bn = 2r'( 6-2) 0 = os = > 4, sinnk = ¥ 2c" & fel ne 0.3 Express fow =|) ag a Fourier series in “Bley Interval -x< x Ls er Ss 19 4 @ Download Gateway Classes App [= 3 Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded Notes Solution LecturesGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Fourier Series Lecture —4 Today's Target Fourier Series of discontinuous junctions Fourier_Series of Discontinuous function Dirichlet's Conditions : Any function foo can be expressed as Fourier Ci) fov is periedic , single value ome finite! GW) fou has a finite number of finite discontinuities in any one period. cid) fou has tinite number of maxitit ind we minima. i, serier, tt When these conditions ave Sati ied the Fourier series converge to foo at every point of contindity. At the point of discon uty (at x=a) " ty hn ih, fous |sum of Serjed = LHL + RHE 2 LHL = lim tco-h) ho RHL = lim $casrh) fourier series ot Discontinuous Functions Consider a 4unction few is defined by af $00 i C lo On = —2/ 0+ cosnK — O+ cos) x ne ne x = My = 2 eosnnds =2 (erweosnxdx) Oy= 2f Cv" _. In £ | fos = n= Bf our, aso Download Gateway Classes App EF {= Ee) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs «= Recorded Notes Solution Lectures GatGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) m= Ble if nis even ane if nis odd $oy= Be ae 3 On Cosnx _ hel fov= as —4_ eosne net KN* foo =-E-, 4 (ome cass +2614 +ov is discontinuous at x=0 $co) = LHL +RHL 2: LHL gue LHL fim fat) ancl = nso | = tnfloun _= lim(-h) WO = hm(-h) hao =o 0 By Gulshan Sir fut 4co) in © fe \ - Dee Re ae 4. eae) z ating # J Gn cosh + _by-sinnx net net : (e K f Ih, Of = | fovdie= pf [Fember | fend sles foe] x On porns a — [x cosnxela + (0 ewsnx | | - °° nie 4 feo) = LHL+RHL . 00 _ 0 / 2 a Download Gateway Classes App [Eq EF) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 bn “He sinnxeloe + fon inn aa] *x aes a53@ ae Was e Recorded POF 2 Lectures Notes SolutionGateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir Q2_ Obtain Fourier sevies for “the function fv given by +20, -Kend0 foyey —* Hence deduce that: 1. 41 414--.-2* | 1-2, o Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 PDF PYQs = Recorded GEN Notes Solution Lectures YikyGateway Classes - Engg. Maths-Il (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir et EIT poh | tno fonescmdn bo = kf ¢ w') ! 3 * off nis even | -4. Pamela eentieet= ba =4 uk H-wie-add x mm = ~ ¢[*(siney + k (Samay Joo = 04.3 tin cosne. + 5” by sine nay = a) ne! fou o+04+ $ Mk ginnrt nei ul Pte #Uyt ae) 3 out 4 (Ek beak (ibe phen) Ke |- ily eae A=! $+t t+ 25,79 = Download Gateway Classes App & B & Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF _PYGs. Recorded Notes Solution Lectures GYstaeGateway Classes Engg. Maths-II (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 8-4 Fino the Fourier series of the periodic function fo wrth period 2x defined as _dollow: fod= o REL H20 nw O I) Helpline No. : 7455 9612 84 POF PYQs Recorded Notes Solution Lectures. GER"Gateway Classes Engg. Maths-ll (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir 0 ifn 15 even fou = fe os. Fan cos + S by sinnx if n is odol wi - oni x fove Bee Z <2 cosnx +$ —CO"sianx bn -4) Few sinnxdx te =n foo = fee foo du tox EfiCie mide Helpline Download Gateway Classes App [= El No. : 7455 9612 84 POF 3 Recorded Gi Ay = sf Clade = 2 mi Ss Q=2(s+2.) eee One Z Gy comp 2 Cos NRA evs OH a zoom ae du $ ie Notes Solution Lectures @JSTRREn2x? fow= a $ 02. Find the Engg. Maths-!I (BAS-203) By Gulshan Sir anf © ait if nis odd ne) nxt foun et 1, cos nex. C# nis edd ) fit)< oxt

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