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KN Exp7

The document discusses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), highlighting its role as a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that ensures orderly delivery of messages over a network. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of TCP, including its reliability and error-checking mechanisms, as well as its limitations in small networks and lack of generality. The document also explains the three-way handshake process used for establishing a TCP connection, which involves SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets to ensure a dependable communication link.

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14 views2 pages

KN Exp7

The document discusses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), highlighting its role as a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that ensures orderly delivery of messages over a network. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of TCP, including its reliability and error-checking mechanisms, as well as its limitations in small networks and lack of generality. The document also explains the three-way handshake process used for establishing a TCP connection, which involves SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets to ensure a dependable communication link.

Uploaded by

warzonemobilexcalibr
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EXPERIMENT 7

AIM: Analyzing various parameters for TCP protocol in action.


TCP - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol designed for the exchange
of messages between various devices over a network. It plays a critical role as one of the primary protocols
in the TCP/IP suite. Within the OSI model, TCP operates at the transport layer (Layer 4), bridging the
Application and Network Layers to ensure reliable delivery services. TCP collaborates with the Internet
Protocol (IP), which sets the method for transferring data packets between computers.

Advantages of TCP

• Reliability: It is a dependable protocol.

• Error-Checking & Recovery: It incorporates mechanisms for error-checking and recovery.

• Flow Control: It ensures efficient flow control.

• Orderly Delivery: It guarantees that data reaches the intended destination in the same order it was
sent.

• Documentation & Implementation: It is thoroughly documented and widely implemented,


maintained by standards organizations like the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).

• Cooperation with IP: It works in harmony with the Internet Protocol (IP) to establish network
connections between devices.

Disadvantages of TCP

• Designed for Wide Area Networks (WANs): Due to its design for WANs, TCP can become
cumbersome for small networks with limited resources.

• Multi-Layer Operation: TCP operates across multiple layers, which can potentially slow down
network speed.

• Lack of Generality: TCP is specific to the TCP/IP suite and cannot support other protocol stacks,
such as Bluetooth connections.
• Static Protocol: TCP has seen minimal modifications since its inception around 30 years ago.

Functioning of Transmission
Connection Establishment (Three-Way Handshake)

The initial step in TCP communication involves setting up a dependable connection between the sender and
receiver. This process, known as the three-way handshake, unfolds as follows:

1. SYN (Synchronize): The client initiates the connection by sending a TCP packet with the SYN flag
set to the server. This packet includes a sequence number (ISN - Initial Sequence Number), which
indicates the starting point for byte numbers in the connection.
2. SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge): Upon receiving the SYN packet, the server responds with
a SYN-ACK packet. This packet acknowledges the SYN and presents its own initial sequence
number for the connection.
3. ACK (Acknowledge): The client completes the process by sending an ACK packet to the server,
acknowledging the SYN-ACK. With this, the connection is fully established, and data transfer can
commence.

Purpose of the Handshake:

• It ensures a dependable connection is established.

• It aligns sequence numbers for data transfer.

• It confirms both parties are prepared for communication.

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