DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTER SCIENCE

GOVT. M. M. R. P. G. COLLEGE CHAMPA (C.G)

(Affiliated By Shaheed Nand Kumar Patel University Raigarh (C.G))

A
Project
OF

“SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER APPLICATION
FORFULFILLMENTOF
(SESSION : 2023-24)

GUIDED BY :- SUBMITTED BY:-

Mrs. Seema Dewangan Hemant Kumar Sahu
Mr. Vikas Rathore Shivkumari Patel
(Astt. Prof. of Computer Science) Durgeshwari
GOVT. M. M. R. P. G. College
Champa (C.G)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project of “School Management System”,

"Programming in C++" has been successfully completed by “Hemant
Kumar Sahu & Shivkumari Patel & Durgeshwari” partial fulfilment of
his in
The academic year 2023-24 at "Govt M. M. R. P. G. College Champa
(C.G)"under the guidance of “Mrs. Seema Dewangan & Mr. Vikas
Rathore"assistant professor of computer science we are undertaken
and completed with the support of project members in the project in
titled "School Management System". During they presence in the
college, they conduct and character was good. We wish they all the
very best in future.

Dr. B. D. Diwan
Principal of
Govt. M. M. R. P. G. Collage
Champa (C.G)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project of “School Management System”,

“Programming in C++” has been successfully completed by “Hemant
Kumar Sahu & Shivkumari Patel & Durgeshwari” partial fulfillment of
his in the academic year 2023-24 at "Govt. M. M. P. G. College
Champa (C.G)" under the guidance of “Mrs. Seema Dewangan & Mr.
Vikas Rathore” assistant professor of computer science.

Prof. R. R. Sahu
H.O.D. of C.S
Govt. M. M. R. P. G. Collage
Champa (C.G)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that this project of ''School Management System”

is project and submitted by ”Hemant Kumar Sahu & Shivkumari Patel
& Durgeshwari"the award of degree in "PGDCA" from Govt. M. M. R.
P. G. College Champa (C.G) for the academic session 2023-24 under
the guidance of “Mrs. Seema Dewangan & Mr. Vikas Rathore”.

Mrs. Seema Dewangan Mr. Vikas Rathore

Asst. Prof. Computer science Asst. Prof. Computer science
Govt. M. M. R. P. G. Collage Govt. M. M. R. P. G. Collage
Champa (C.G) Champa (C.G)
 CERTIFICATE BY THE EXAMINER

This is to certify that the project work entitled "School

Management System” submitted by “Hemant Kumar Sahu &
Shivkumari Patel & Durgeshwari” has completed under the guidance
of "Mrs. Seema Dewangan & Mr. Vikas Rathore", C.S. dept., Govt. M.
M .R. P.G. College Champa (C.G.) has been examined by the under -
signed as a part of the examination for the award of thePGDCA in dept.
Of "PGDCA" in Govt. M. M. R. P. G. college champa (C.G.).

"Project examined & approved"

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date:____________ Date:________________

Signature of H.O.D.(C.S)
Prof. Mr. R. R. Sahu
 DECLARATION

I here by declare that the project report titled "School Management

System" submitted by me to "Shaheed Nand Kumar Patel University
Raigarh"by “Hemant kumar Sahu & Shivkumari Patel & Durgeshwari“
in partial fulfillment for the “P.G.D.C.A” is the record of bonfire project
work carried out by me under the guidance of “Mrs. Seema Dewangan
& Mr. Vikas Rathore”.

I further declare the work reported in the project has submitted and
project has full, for the record of any other degree of diploma in the
university during the presence in the college, they conduct and the
character was good. We wish them all the very best in future

Date:_______ Hemant Kumar Sahu

Place:_______ Shivkumari Patel
Durgeshwari
P.G.D.C.A
(Dept. of P.G.D.C.A )
M. M. R. P. G. College Champa (C.G)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

"I am very glad to my subject teacher that have given me, a chance to
make this project and had suggested me to prepare the best of this
project. This successfully under the guideline of my subject teacher
“Mrs. Seema Dewangan & Mr. Vikas Rathore” who had helped me in
partial fulfilment of this project. In this successfully completed of this
project thank all my subject teacher"

thanks.

---------------------------

(Signature of Candidate)
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT OBJECTIVE

CHAPTER 2 : SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

CHAPTER 3 : INTRODUCTION TO 'C' & 'C++' LANGUAGE

CHAPTER 4 : DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 5 : E-R DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 6 : FLOW CHART

CHAPTER 7 : CODING

CHAPTER 8 : OUTPUT FORMS

CHAPTER 9 : CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 10 : LIMITATION

CHAPTER 11 : FUTURE ASPECT OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER 12 : GUIDANCE

CHAPTER 13 : BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFFRENCE

 CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT OBJECTIVE

 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The code represents a console-based School Management System

designed to manage information about students, teachers, employees,
and courses. The objective of this system is to provide a platform for
organizing and maintaining essential data within a school environment.
Key features include the ability to add, display, search, update, and
delete information for students, teachers, employees, and courses. The
system supports data persistence through file handling, allowing users
to save and load information to and from a file. While the code lays the
groundwork for a functional management system, further
enhancements could be made to improve scalability, input validation,
error handling, and the overall user interface.

Here's an introduction to its key components and functionalities:

1. Classes:
● The code defines several classes to model entities in a school
management system.
● Person class represents common attributes like name, age, phone
number, and address.
● Derived classes (Student, Teacher, Employee, Course) inherit from
Person, each with additional attributes specific to their roles.

2. School Management System Class:

● The core functionality is encapsulated in the School Management
System class.
● It manages arrays for students, teachers, employees, and courses.
 ● Provides methods for adding, displaying, updating, and deleting
information for each entity.
● Supports file I/O for saving and loading data.

3. User Interface:
● The program offers a menu-driven user interface, allowing users
to perform various actions within the system.

● Actions include adding/displaying students, teachers, employees,

courses, and saving/loading data.

4. Data Management:
● Students, teachers, employees, and courses are stored in arrays
with specified limits.
● Methods are provided to interact with and manipulate this data.

5. File Operations:
● The system can save data to and load data from a file
("schooldata.txt").
 CHAPTER - 2

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

● Processor : e.g., Intel core i5 or AMD Ryzen series

● Ram : 4 GB

● Hard disk : 10 - 20 GB

● Monitor : VGA, DVI, HDMI, Display Port

● Keyboard : 105 Keys

● Mouse : 2 buttons

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

● Operating system : Windows 10, Mac OS or Linux

● Front end : C++

● Back end : SQL, SQ LITE, MYSQL

 CHAPTER - 3

INFORMATION TO 'C' & 'C++' LANGUAGE

 INTRODUCTION TO 'C' & 'C++' LANGUAGE

The provided C++ code for a School Management System is written in

C++, a versatile and powerful programming language. Let's provide an
introduction to both C and C++:

C Programming Language:

1. Procedural Paradigm:
● C is a procedural programming language, emphasizing functions
and structured programming.
● The code is organized into functions, and the primary execution
starts from the main function.

2. Low-Level Memory Manipulation:

● C provides low-level memory manipulation features, allowing
direct access to memory addresses.
● Pointers are a fundamental feature, enabling efficient memory
management.

3. Simplicity and Efficiency:

● Known for its simplicity and efficiency, C is suitable for system
programming, embedded systems, and performance-critical
applications.

4. Core Syntax Elements:

● Core syntax elements include loops (for, while), conditional
statements (if, else), and various data types (integers, characters,
arrays).
C++ Programming Language:

1. Object-Oriented Paradigm:
● C++ extends C by introducing object-oriented programming (OOP)
concepts.

● Classes and objects are used to model real-world entities,

promoting code organization and reusability.

2. Classes and Inheritance:

● C++ supports classes, allowing the creation of user-defined data
types with member functions and attributes.

● Inheritance enables the creation of derived classes that inherit

properties and behaviors from base classes.

3. Abstraction and Encapsulation:

● C++ supports abstraction and encapsulation, allowing developers
to hide implementation details and expose only relevant
information.

4. Standard Template Library (STL):

● C++ includes the Standard Template Library (STL), providing
generic algorithms and data structures like vectors, queues, and
maps.

5. File I/O and Stream Input / Output:

● C++ introduces stream-based input/output operations, simplifying

file handling with the iostream library.
6. Exception Handling:
● C++ includes exception handling mechanisms (try, catch, throw),
improving error handling and program robustness.

7. Modern Features:
● Modern C++ (C++11 and later) introduces features like lambda
expressions, smart pointers, and enhanced syntax for improved
readability and efficiency.

8. C++ Standard Library:

● C++ comes with a comprehensive standard library that provides a

wide range of functionalities, including string manipulation,
algorithms, and input/output operations.
 CHAPTER - 4

DATA FLOW DAIGRAM

 Certainly! Let's break down the explanation of 0-level DFD, 1st level
DFD, and 2nd level DFD:

0-Level DFD:

1. Purpose:

● Provides a high-level overview of the entire system.

● Identifies major processes and their interrelationships.
● Illustrates the flow of data between the system and external
entities.
 2. Components:

● Process(System): Represents the entire system as a single process.

● Data Flow: Arrows indicating the flow of data between the system
and external entities.
● External Entities: Squares representing entities external to the
system.
● Data Stores: Optionally, parallel lines may represent where data is
stored.

Example (for a School Management System):

● A single process labeled "School Management System".
● Arrows representing data flow between the system and external
entities like "User Input,""Display Information," and "Save/Load to
File".

1st Level DFD:

1. Purpose:

● Expands on the processes identified in the 0-level DFD.

● Breaks down the major processes into more detailed sub
processes.

2. Components:

● Processes: Major processes from the 0-level DFD are decomposed

into more detailed sub processes.
● Data Flows: Represent the flow of data between processes and
external entities.
● External Entities: Same as in the 0-level DFD.
Example (for a School Management System):
● Processes like "User Input, "Process User Input," and "Perform
Selected Action" are broken down into detailed sub processes.
● Data flows represent the exchange of information between
processes.

2nd Level DFD:

1. Purpose:
● Further elaborates on the sub processes identified in the 1st level
DFD.
● Provides a more detailed view of the system's functionality.
 2. Components:
● Processes: Sub processes from the 1st level are decomposed into
even more detailed processes.
● Data Flows: Show the detailed flow of data between processes
and external entities.
● External Entities: Same as in the 0-level and 1st level DFD.

Example (for a School Management System):

● Sub processes like "Enter Student Details,""Update Student
Information," etc., are broken down further.
● More detailed data flows illustrate specific information exchanged
between sub processes.
CHAPTER - 5

E-R DAIGRAM
E-R DAIGRAM
CHAPTER - 6

FLOW CHART
FLOW CHART
CHAPTER - 7

CODING
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
string name;
int age;
string phoneno;
string address;
};
class Student : public Person {
public:
int studentid;
int rollNumber;
string classname;
};
class Teacher : public Person {
public:
int teacherid;
string subject;
};
class Course {
public:
string courseName;
int courseId;
};
class Employee : public Person {
public:
int empid;
int empsalary;
};
class SchoolManagementSystem {
private:
static const int MAX_STUDENTS = 100;
static const int MAX_TEACHERS = 100;
static const int MAX_EMPLOYEES = 100;
static const int MAX_COURSES = 100;

Student students[MAX_STUDENTS];
int studentCount;
Teacher teachers[MAX_TEACHERS];
int teacherCount;
Employee employees[MAX_EMPLOYEES];
int employeeCount;
 Course courses[MAX_COURSES];
int courseCount;

public:
SchoolManagementSystem() : studentCount(0), teacherCount(0), courseCount(0),
employeeCount(0) {}
void displayMenu() {
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
cout <<"School Management System Menu"<< endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
cout <<"1. Add Students"<< endl;
cout <<"2. Display Students"<< endl;
cout <<"3. Search Student"<< endl;
cout <<"4. Update Student"<< endl;
cout <<"5. Delete Student"<< endl;
cout <<"6. Add Teachers"<< endl;
cout <<"7. Display Teacher"<< endl;
cout <<"8. Add Employees"<< endl;
cout <<"9. Display Employees"<< endl;
cout <<"10. Add Courses"<< endl;
cout <<"11. Display courses"<< endl;
cout <<"12. Save School File"<< endl;
cout <<"13. Exit"<< endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
}
void addStudent() {
if (studentCount < 100) {
Student newStudent;
cout <<"Enter student name: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, newStudent.name);
cout <<"Enter student roll number: ";
cin >> newStudent.rollNumber;
cout <<"Enter student id: ";
cin >> newStudent.studentid;
cout <<"Enter student age: ";
cin >> newStudent.age;
cout <<"Enter student Phone number: ";
cin >> newStudent.phoneno;
cout <<"Enter student class name: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, newStudent.classname);
cout <<"Enter Student Address: ";
getline(cin, newStudent.address);
students[studentCount++] = newStudent;
 cout <<"Student added successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Student limit reached. Cannot add more students."<< endl;
}
}
void displayStudents() {
if (studentCount == 0) {
cout <<"No students in the system."<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
cout <<"List of All Students"<< endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;

for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; ++i) {

cout <<"Student name: "<< students[i].name <<"\nstudent Roll number: "<<
students[i].rollNumber <<"\nStudent id: "<< students[i].studentid
<<"\nstudent Age: "<< students[i].age <<"\nstudent Class name: "<< students[i].classname
<<"\nstudent Address: "<< students[i].address <<"\nstudent Phone no: "<<
students[i].phoneno << endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
}
}
}
int searchStudent(int rollNumber) {
for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; ++i) {
if (students[i].rollNumber == rollNumber) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
void updateStudent() {
int rollNumber;
cout <<"Enter the roll number of the student to update: ";
cin >> rollNumber;
int index = searchStudent(rollNumber);
if (index != -1) {
cout <<"Enter updated student name: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, students[index].name);
cout <<"Enter updated student id: ";
cin >> students[index].studentid;
cout <<"Enter updated student age: ";
cin >> students[index].age;
cout <<"Enter updated student class name: ";
 cin.ignore();
getline(cin, students[index].classname);
cout <<"Enter updated student address: ";
getline(cin, students[index].address);
cout <<"Enter updated student phone no: ";
cin >> students[index].phoneno;
cout <<"Student information updated successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Student not found."<< endl;
}
}
void deleteStudent() {
int rollNumber;
cout <<"Enter the roll number of the student to delete: ";
cin >> rollNumber;
int index = searchStudent(rollNumber);
if (index != -1) {
for (int i = index; i < studentCount - 1; ++i) {
students[i] = students[i + 1];
}
--studentCount;
cout <<"Student deleted successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Student not found."<< endl;
}
}
void addTeacher() {
if (teacherCount < 100) {
Teacher newTeacher;
cout <<"Enter teacher name: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, newTeacher.name);
cout <<"Enter student subject: ";
cin >> newTeacher.subject;
cout <<"Enter teacher id: ";
cin >> newTeacher.teacherid;
cout <<"Enter teacher age: ";
cin >> newTeacher.age;
cout <<"Enter teacher Phone number: ";
cin >> newTeacher.phoneno;
cout <<"Enter teacher Address: ";
getline(cin, newTeacher.address);
teachers[teacherCount++] = newTeacher;
cout <<"Teacher added successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
 cout <<"Teacher limit reached. Cannot add more students."<< endl;
}
}
void displayTeachers() {
if (teacherCount == 0) {
cout <<"No teachers in the system."<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
cout <<"List of All Teachers"<< endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;

for (int i = 0; i < teacherCount; ++i) {

cout <<"Teacher name: "<< teachers[i].name <<"\nteacher subject: "<<
teachers[i].subject <<"\nTeacher id: "<< teachers[i].teacherid
<<"\nteacher Age: "<< teachers[i].age <<"\nteacher Address: "<< teachers[i].address <<"\
nteacher Phone no: "<< teachers[i].phoneno << endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
}
}
}
void addEmployee() {
if (employeeCount < 100) {
Employee newEmployee;
cout <<"Enter employee name: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, newEmployee.name);
cout <<"Enter employee id: ";
cin >> newEmployee.empid;
cout <<"Enter employee age: ";
cin >> newEmployee.age;
cout <<"Enter employee salary: ";
cin >> newEmployee.empsalary;
cout <<"Enter employee Phone number: ";
cin >> newEmployee.phoneno;
cout <<"Enter employee Address: ";
getline(cin, newEmployee.address);
employees[employeeCount++] = newEmployee;
cout <<"Employee added successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Employee limit reached. Cannot add more students."<< endl;
}
}
void displayEmployees() {
if (employeeCount == 0) {
cout <<"No employees in the system."<< endl;
 } else {
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
cout <<"List of All Employees"<< endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;

for (int i = 0; i < employeeCount; ++i) {

cout <<"employee name: "<< employees[i].name <<"\nemployee salary: "<<
employees[i].empsalary <<"\nemployee id: "<< employees[i].empid
<<"\nemployee Age: "<< employees[i].age <<"\nemployee Address: "<<
employees[i].address <<"\nemployee Phone no: "<< employees[i].phoneno << endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
}
}
}
void addCourse() {
if (courseCount < 100) {
Course newCourse;
cout <<"Enter course name: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin, newCourse.courseName);
cout <<"Enter course id: ";
cin >> newCourse.courseId;
courses[courseCount++] = newCourse;
cout <<"Course added successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Course limit reached. Cannot add more students."<< endl;
}
}
void displayCourses() {
if (courseCount == 0) {
cout <<"No courses in the system."<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
cout <<"List of All courses"<< endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; ++i) {
cout <<"course name: "<< courses[i].courseName <<"\ncourse id: "<<
courses[i].courseId << endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------"<< endl;
}
}
}
void saveToFile(const string& filename) {
ofstream outfile(filename);
if (outfile.is_open()) {
 for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; ++i) {
outfile <<"student,"<< students[i].name <<","<< students[i].studentid <<","<<
students[i].rollNumber <<","<< students[i].age <<","
<< students[i].phoneno <<","<< students[i].address <<","<< students[i].classname <<"\n";
}
for (int i = 0; i < teacherCount; ++i) {
outfile <<"teacher,"<< teachers[i].name <<","<< teachers[i].teacherid <<","<<
teachers[i].subject <<","<< teachers[i].age <<","
<< teachers[i].phoneno <<","<< teachers[i].address <<"\n";
}
for (int i = 0; i < employeeCount; ++i) {
outfile <<"employee,"<< employees[i].name <<","<< employees[i].empid <<","<<
employees[i].empsalary <<","<< employees[i].age <<","
<< employees[i].phoneno <<","<< employees[i].address <<"\n";
}
for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; ++i) {
outfile <<"course,"<< courses[i].courseName <<","<< courses[i].courseId <<"\n";
}
outfile.close();
cout <<"Data saved to file successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Unable to open the file for saving."<< endl;
}
}
void loadFromFile(const string& filename) {
ifstream infile(filename);
if (infile.is_open()) {
studentCount = 0;
teacherCount = 0;
employeeCount = 0;
courseCount = 0;
Student student;
Teacher teacher;
Employee employee;
Course course;
string userType;
while (getline(infile, userType, ',')) {
if (userType == "student") {
getline(infile, student.name, ',');
infile >> student.studentid >> student.rollNumber >> student.age >>
student.phoneno >> student.address >> student.classname;
infile.ignore();
students[studentCount++] = student;
} else if (userType == "teacher") {
getline(infile, teacher.name, ',');
 infile >> teacher.teacherid >> teacher.subject >> teacher.age >> teacher.phoneno
>> teacher.address;
infile.ignore();
teachers[teacherCount++] = teacher;
} else if (userType == "employee") {
getline(infile, employee.name, ',');
infile >> employee.empid >> employee.empsalary >> employee.age >>
employee.phoneno >> employee.address;
infile.ignore();
employees[employeeCount++] = employee;
} else if (userType == "course") {
getline(infile, course.courseName, ',');
infile >> course.courseId;
infile.ignore();
courses[courseCount++] = course;
}
}
infile.close();
cout <<"Data loaded from file successfully!"<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Error: Unable to open the file for loading."<< endl;
}
}
};
int main() {
SchoolManagementSystem system;
const string filename = "schooldata.txt";
system.loadFromFile(filename);
int choice;
do {
system.displayMenu();
cout <<"Enter your choice (1-13): ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
system.addStudent();
break;
case 2:
system.displayStudents();
break;
case 3: {
int rollNumber;
cout <<"Enter the roll number of the student to search: ";
cin >> rollNumber;
int index = system.searchStudent(rollNumber);
 if (index != -1) {
cout <<"Student found at index "<< index <<"."<< endl;
} else {
cout <<"Student not found."<< endl;
}
break;
}
case 4:
system.updateStudent();
break;
case 5:
system.deleteStudent();
break;
case 6:
system.addTeacher();
break;
case 7:
system.displayTeachers();
break;
case 8:
system.addEmployee();
break;
case 9:
system.displayEmployees();
break;
case 10:
system.addCourse();
break;
case 11:
system.displayCourses();
break;
case 12:
system.saveToFile(filename);
break;
case 13:
cout <<"Exiting the program. Goodbye!"<< endl;
break;
default:
cout <<"Invalid choice. Please enter a valid option."<< endl;
}
} while (choice != 13);

return 0;
}
 CHAPTER - 8

OUTPUT FORM
CHAPTER - 9

CONCLUSIONS
 CONCLUSIONS

In summary, the provided C++ code establishes a basic School

Management System. It enables user interaction for managing student,
teacher, employee, and course data through a menu-driven interface.
The code follows an object-oriented design, incorporates file I/O
functionality, but comes with limitations such as fixed array sizes and
minimal error handling. It serves as an educational example and could
be extended for more robust features and modern practices.
CHAPTER - 10

LIMITATION
 LIMITATION

Your code has several functionalities for managing a school system,

and it seems well-organized. However, here are a few points to
consider:

1. Code Reusability:
● You have similar input/output and data handling procedures
in multiple methods. Consider creating helper functions to
avoid redundancy and make the code more modular.

2. Data Storage and Management:

● The code uses arrays with fixed sizes (MAX_STUDENTS,
MAX_TEACHERS, etc.). This limits the scalability of the system.
Consider using dynamic data structures like vectors or linked lists
to handle a dynamic number of students, teachers, employees,
and courses.

3. Error Handling:
● It's good to include error handling mechanisms, especially
when taking user input. For instance, you could check if the
input for age, IDs, or roll numbers is valid.

4. Code Comments:
● Consider adding comments to explain complex logic or to
provide an overview of the purpose of each method or class.

5. Magic Numbers:
● Instead of using magic numbers like 100 for the maximum
number of students, teachers, employees, and courses, you
could define them as constants at the beginning of your class.
6. Validation:
● Add validation checks for user inputs, such as ensuring that
IDs are unique, or certain fields are not empty.

7. Encapsulation:
● While your classes have attributes marked as public, which is
acceptable in this context, consider encapsulating them by
making them private and providing getter and setter
methods.

8. Security Concerns:
● The code doesn't address security concerns, such as input
sanitation and protection against potential exploits. Incorporate
security practices, especially if this system handles sensitive
information.

9. No Authentication or Authorization:
● The system doesn't include any form of authentication or
authorization. Consider adding user authentication and
authorization mechanisms to control access to different parts of
the system.

10. Consistency in Output:

● Ensure a consistent format in your output messages.

11. File Handling:

● Include mechanisms to handle potential errors when reading
or writing to files, such as checking file open success.
 CHAPTER - 11

FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT

 FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT

For future scalability and maintainability, here are some suggestions:

1. Database Integration:
● Consider transitioning to a database-driven approach for
storing and retrieving data. This will provide better scalability
and persistence.

2. User Authentication and Authorization:

● Implement a user authentication and authorization system to

ensure secure access to the system.

3. Logging:
● Integrate logging to keep track of important events and
errors. This will aid in debugging and monitoring system
behavior.

4. GUI or Web Interface:

● Consider developing a graphical user interface (GUI) or a

web interface to make the system more user-friendly.

5. Internationalization (I18N) and Localization (L10N):

● If the project expands globally, make the system adaptable to

different languages and regions.
6. Error Handling and Reporting:

● Improve error handling mechanisms to provide meaningful

error messages to users and log detailed error information
for developers.

7. Data Validation and Sanitization:

● Enhance data validation to ensure that the data stored is

consistent and accurate. Sanitize inputs to prevent security
vulnerabilities.

8. Modularization:

● Break down the system into modular components, making it

easier to extend or modify specific functionalities without
affecting the entire system.

9. Testing Automation:

● Implement automated testing to ensure that changes or additions

to the codebase do not introduce bugs or regressions.

10. Scalable Architecture:

● Design the system with scalability in mind. This includes a

flexible architecture that can handle increased loads and
additional features.
11. Documentation:
● Maintain comprehensive documentation for the codebase,
including high-level architecture, class/ method
documentation, and setup instructions.

12. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD):

● Set up CI/CD pipelines to automate testing and deployment

processes, ensuring a more streamlined development
workflow.

13. Version Control:

● Use a version control system (e.g., Git) to track changes and
collaborate effectively with a team, providing a history of
modifications.
CHAPTER - 12

GUIDANCE
 GUIDANCE

This is to certify that "Hemant Kumar Sahu & Shivkumari Patel &
Durgeshwari" student of "P.G.D.C.A" in "Govt. M. M. R. P. G. College
Champa(C.G)" under "Shaheed Nand Kumar Patel University" had
worked under our organization as a project members during the 2023-
24.
We are undertaken and completed with the support of project
members in the project entitled "School Management System".

During they presence in the college, they conduct and character was
good. We wish they all the very best in future.

GUIDANCE BY: CREATED BY:

Mrs. Seema Dewangan Hemant Kumar Sahu

Mr. Vikas Rathore Shivkumari Patel

(ASTT PROF. OF C.S) Govt. M. M. R. P. G. Durgeshwari

College Champa (C.G) (PGDCA) Govt. M. M. R. P. G.
College Champa (C.G)
 CHAPTER - 13

BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFFERENCE
 BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFFERENCE

The provided code seems to be an original implementation, and it does

not explicitly reference any external sources or cite a specific
bibliography. If you referred to specific textbooks, online tutorials, or
other resources while creating this code, it's a good practice to include
references.

For example, if you used a particular C++ textbook, an online

documentation site, or any other source to learn about classes, file
handling, or other concepts used in your code, you should mention
these sources in your comments or documentation.

Adding references not only acknowledges the sources that helped you
but also provides transparency for others who may review or work on
the code. However, if the code is entirely your own creation without
direct reference to external materials, you can make that clear as well.

Always ensure that you respect intellectual property and licensing

when incorporating code or ideas from external sources.