The provided line graph illustrates the number of telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants in Africa,

comparing fixed and mobile lines from 1994 to 2004. Overall, the graph reveals a significant rise in
mobile phone subscriptions over the given period, while the number of fixed-line subscriptions shows a
much more gradual increase.

In 1994, the number of mobile phone subscribers was almost negligible at 0.06 per 100 inhabitants.
However, this figure saw a rapid and exponential increase, particularly from the late 1990s onwards. By
2004, mobile subscriptions had surged to 8.8 per 100 inhabitants, showcasing a dramatic upward
trajectory, especially noticeable from 2000 onwards.

Conversely, the number of fixed-line subscribers started at a higher base of 1.7 per 100 inhabitants in
1994. Despite this initial lead, the growth in fixed-line subscriptions was relatively modest. Over the
decade, the number of fixed-line subscribers increased gradually, peaking at 3.1 per 100 inhabitants in
2004. This growth, while steady, was far less pronounced compared to the rapid rise seen in mobile
subscriptions.
The bar chart presents the number of apartments approved for construction in four Australian cities -
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth - over a five-year period from 2012 to 2016.

Overall, the data indicates that Sydney nearly consistently had the highest number of apartment
approvals throughout the period, while Perth had the lowest. There was a general trend of fluctuating
numbers in Melbourne and Brisbane, with varying degrees of approval rates each year.

In detail, Sydney saw a notable increase in approvals, starting at approximately 15,000 in 2012 and
peaking at around 32,000 in 2016. This city experienced the most substantial growth, with a significant
jump from 2014 to 2015 where approvals rose from about 20,000 to over 25,000.

Melbourne's approval numbers were slightly lower than Sydney's but followed a similar upward trend.
In 2012, Melbourne had around 10,000 approvals, which increased steadily, reaching its highest point in
2015 with nearly 28,000 approvals. However, there was a slight decline in 2016, where approvals
dropped to about 26,000.

Brisbane displayed a more volatile pattern. Starting with approximately 6,000 approvals in 2012, the city
saw a rise in 2013 to around 12,000. The numbers fluctuated over the next three years, with approvals
peaking at about 16,000 in 2014 and then maintaining levels between 13,000 and 15,000 in the
subsequent years.

Perth had the lowest number of apartment approvals among the four cities. Beginning at just over 5,000
in 2012, the numbers saw a slight increase over the years but remained relatively low compared to the
other cities. The highest number of approvals in Perth was around 8,000 in 2014 and 2015, followed by
a slight decline in 2016.
The diagram illustrates the process of making recycled paper. The process consists of four main stages:
making pulp, filtering, cleaning, and making paper. Overall, the recycling process involves a series of
mechanical and chemical treatments aimed at transforming used paper into a clean and usable product.

In the first stage, the used paper is transported on a conveyor belt into a pulping machine, where it is
mixed with water and chemicals to create a mixture of unfiltered pulp.

The second stage involves filtering this pulp mixture. The mixture passes through a filtration system that
removes larger particles, resulting in filtered pulp.

Next, the filtered pulp undergoes a cleaning process. It is then mixed with water and soap, and air is
introduced to help remove ink and other contaminants. The result is a cleaned pulp.

Finally, the cleaned pulp is passed through heated rollers to remove any remaining water, forming sheets
of recycled paper. This paper is then rolled onto a new conveyor belt, ready to be used.
The tables compare the sales figures for two Fairtrade products in the UK, Switzerland, Denmark,
Belgium, and Sweden in two separate years. Overall, sales of Fairtrade coffee increased in all five
countries, while there was mixed success for similarly labelled bananas, and the leading country in each
table had significantly higher sales than the rest.
Sales of Fairtrade coffee were relatively modest in 1999, and Switzerland was the largest consumer with
€3 million in sales. Despite this figure doubling in 2004, the UK rose from third place (with €1.5 million)
to lead the table with €20 million worth of sales in the same year. A figure that was considerably higher
than in any other country. Although the three remaining countries also saw increases, these were
marginal with gains of between 0.2 and 0.7 million euros.

With Fairtrade bananas, Switzerland was again the leader in 1999 and dominated this table in both years
with sales increasing from €15 million to a striking €47 million. Although considerably lower, the UK and
Belgium saw similar growths in this category, increasing by just over 5 times their 1999 figures to reach
€5.5 and €4 million respectively. In contrast, Sweden and Denmark experienced a drop in sales, with the
2004 figures (€1 million and € 0.9 million) almost half of those of 5 years earlier.
The graph compares the percentage of households in England and Wales living either in a rental
property or their own home in 1918, 1939, and 1953, and at ten-year intervals between 1961 and 2011.
Overall, the two sectors followed opposite trends, with renting generally declining as home ownership
increased. However, towards the end of the period, there is evidence of this trend reversing and home
ownership did not reach renting’s highest level.

Renting was at its peak in 1918, accounting for just under 80% of all households. Despite falling almost
continually from this point, it remained the dominant category until 1971, when it reached parity with
homeownership. Apart from 1939 and 1953, the figures dropped in almost every decade until 1991,
when the decline slowed and renting increased slightly in 2011. Nevertheless, in the final 40 years,
significantly fewer people (40% or lower) were living in rented accommodation.

This contrasts starkly with the data for homeownership, which climbed steadily throughout, again with
the exception of 1939 and 1953. Notably, increases in owning a home corresponded with the falls in
renting, and from 1981 onwards, it was increasingly more common than renting. However, the figure
peaked at below 70% in 2001, almost 10% less than the rental peak, and by 2011 had fallen to
approximately 65%.
The bar chart shows the percentage of Australian men and women of different ages who engaged in
regular exercise in the year 2010. Overall, female participation generally increased with age, while the
reverse was true for males until middle age, and males experienced a lower peak and trough than the
corresponding figures for females.

In the youngest age group, males outnumbered females, with 52.8% of 15- to 24-year-olds taking part in
regular activity compared to 47.7% of females. However, this was the peak age range for men as
numbers declined from this point on, reaching their lowest point at 35 to 44 years, when just under 40%
exercised regularly. Although the figure increased again from the age of 45, male participation rates
remained below 50% for almost all age groups.

In contrast, the younger females generally exercised less than their older counterparts. From the age of
25, female participation rates increased marginally but steadily, peaking at 55.3% between the ages of 45
and 54, then falling to their lowest point (47.1%) in the oldest group. Notably, more than 50% of women
aged 35 to 64 exercised on a regular basis. Only from age 65 and over were the figures for both genders
near parity at 46.7% (males) and 47.1% (females).
The pie charts show the percentage of the population in three age groups in Italy and Yemen in 2000 and
predictions for 2050. Overall, both countries are predicted to experience an ageing population, although
Yemen will have a far younger population than Italy.

In 2000, the population of Yemen was relatively young, with just over half aged 14 and under (50.1%).
This was followed closely by those aged 15-59 (46.4%), and only 3.6% were aged 60 or above. Over the
next 50 years, the population is expected to change considerably, with a significant fall in the youngest
category, which could drop to 37%, and corresponding increases in the two older groups. Nevertheless,
it is anticipated that the majority of inhabitants will be aged 15 to 59 (57.3%).

In comparison, Italy had a much older population in 2000. This was dominated by the 15 to 59 age
group, who made up two-thirds of the total (61.6%), while the 60 and over group accounted for almost a
quarter (24.1%). By 2050, both the youngest and middle-aged groups are predicted to have declined,
falling to 11.5% and 46.2% respectively, while the oldest group is expected to double in size, reaching
42.3%. This is in stark contrast to Yemen, where less than 6% of the population will be 60 or older.
The bar charts show how often people in the USA ate fast food in 2003, 2006, and 2013. Overall,
although most people ate fast food, frequent consumption generally experienced a downward trend,
while there was an upward trend in less frequent consumption, and more extreme patterns remained
relatively unchanged.

At the top and bottom ends of the scale, most patterns changed slightly in 2006 then remained stable .
Over the ten-year period, the proportion of people who rarely included fast food in their diet increased,
rising from approximately 13% to 15%, while the two most extreme patterns decreased. Interestingly,
these had the lowest figures overall, with only slightly more people never eating fast food (5% falling to
4%) in comparison to those eating it daily (4% declining to 3%).

More regular consumption had higher figures, and similar trends were observed in those who ate fast
food once or multiple times a week. Despite rising in 2006 (from approximately 31% to 33% and 17% to
20% respectively), they both fell in 2013, to 27% and 16%. In contrast, the figures for once or twice per
month fell initially (from 30% to 25%) before rising to around 37%. Notably, this marked a peak in the
data, showing that most people ate fast food on a monthly rather than a weekly basis by the end of the
period.
The line graph shows usage levels of different types of energy in one country from 2000 to 2020, and
projections up to 2050. Overall, total energy use is predicted to rise, with fossil fuels consistently far
exceeding green energy, and petrol and oil remaining the dominant source of fuel.

With non-renewables, in the first twenty years, petrol and oil consumption increased from 35 to just
over 40 quadrillion units, despite several falls, and is expected to rise to just below 50 quadrillion in
2050. Coal use followed a similar pattern, albeit at a lower rate. It remained relatively stable at around
23 quadrillion units from 2015 and is predicted to increase from 2025, eventually reaching 33
quadrillion. In contrast, use of natural gas has fluctuated continually and is expected to peak at 25
quadrillion units in 2035 before declining.

Notably, more sustainable energy sources are used far less, all remaining close to 5 quadrillion units up
to 2020. Nuclear energy has led this sector since 2010 and is expected to continue to do so with a peak
of approximately 7 quadrillion units in 2025. Despite a predicted downward trend until 2045, it should
regain this level in 2050. Solar and wind are forecast to mirror nuclear’s rising trend, increasing to
around six quadrillion units, while hydropower generally declined from 2015 and is projected to remain
the lowest at around 3 quadrillion units.
The two pie charts give a breakdown of energy use in Australian homes and the greenhouse gas
emissions this produces. Overall, heating and water heating are the two biggest users of energy, while
water heating and other appliances are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, showing that energy
use does not always correlate with emissions.

In terms of energy use, Australians use far more for water heating and heating their homes than for any
other purpose (30% and 42% respectively). This is in stark contrast to cooling and refrigeration, which
together only make up 9% of the total. Other appliances make up a significant 15%. Interestingly, lighting
the home consumes twice as much energy as cooling it does (4% as compared to 2%).

With the emissions resulting from this energy use, water heating produces the most greenhouse gases at
32%, followed closely by other appliances, which are responsible for 28%. Refrigeration and lighting both
produce a noticeably large amount of emissions in comparison to their low energy use, although these
are still relatively low at 14% and 8%. Notably, cooling the home is the lowest in terms of both use of
electricity and emissions at 2% and 3% respectively.
The pie chart shows the main causes of land degradation around the world, while the table shows the
impact these have had in three regions. Overall, while there are three main causes worldwide, the
different regions are not affected equally by these. Notably, these causes are all linked to human activity.

According to the pie chart, although there are other factors leading to land degradation globally, logging
appears to pose the greatest threat, at 35%. However, as the farming of crops and animals are
responsible for a further 28% and 30% respectively, it is clear that agriculture is the main culprit, causing
more than half of all such problems.

Looking at the table, region 2 has experienced the greatest problems, with 23% of its land degraded.
Notably, it is affected by all three causes, and has the highest figures of the three regions for both
logging (9.8%) and the growing of crops (7.7%). In contrast, region 3 is unaffected by crop farming and
the vast majority of its land degradation is due to the farming of animals (11.3% of the total 13%
degraded). Region 1 has the lowest proportion of land affected overall (5%), and has the lowest figures in
almost all categories apart from crop farming, which causes more than half of its land issues at 3.3%.
The three pie charts show how a college budget was apportioned in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Overall, the
largest expense is for staff, and insurance and technology spending has consistently increased, while
spending on other resources has declined or fluctuated.

In terms of human resources, paying staff takes up the majority of the college budget, with teacher
salaries dominating this category, increasing initially from 40% to 50% before declining to 45%. However,
in each decade, an increasingly smaller proportion was allocated to other staff pay, which fell from 28%
in 1990 to 15% in 2010.

With other expenses, in 1990, almost as much was spent on furniture and equipment as on books, at
15% and 14% respectively. However, while book spending increased to 20% in 2000, furniture and
equipment fell sharply to only 2% and, in 2010, remained the lowest cost at 3%. By the same year, book
spending had fallen to 9%, almost half of its initial level. In contrast, technology and insurance were the
lowest costs in 1990, at only 1% and 2%, but rose in each decade, with the largest increases occurring in
2010, when insurance reached 8% and technology 20%. Notably, in the final decade, a larger proportion
of the budget was spent on technology than on books.
The bar chart gives details of phone usage in the UK from 1995 to 2002 on three types of phone line.
Overall, total phone use increased and the majority of calls were made using a fixed line. However,
towards the end of the period, local fixed line calls declined as mobile phone use increased significantly.

During the first four years, all categories increased steadily, although usage was dominated by local fixed
line calls. The data for these calls was consistently almost double that of national and international calls,
with the former rising from over 70 billion to a peak of 90 billion minutes, while the latter rose from
approximately 37 billion to 48 billion. These figures contrast starkly with the data for mobile phone calls
in the same period, which began at approximately two billion minutes and saw only gradual increases,
climbing to ten billion minutes in 1998.

The picture was very different from 1999 to 2002, when, despite retaining the top position, local fixed
line calls dropped back to their initial level and ended the period only 10 billion higher than fixed line
national and international calls, which increased consistently throughout. Notably, the drop in local calls
corresponded with dramatic increases in mobile phone use, which, by 2002, had reached almost 45
billion minutes, considerably reducing the gap between all three categories.
The table *compares the cultivation rates of three species of fish in one region over a ten-year period.
Overall, while Arctic char dominated initially, salmon was cultivated in far greater numbers towards the
end of the period, and rainbow trout has consistently been produced the least.

In 2008, 3124 million tonnes of Arctic char were produced in this region. As this figure was more than
ten times greater than the next highest, farmed salmon at 292 million tonnes, this species clearly
dominated at that time. However, Arctic char fell slightly in 2010 and rose only gradually from 2012
onwards, while salmon rose exponentially in almost every two-year period. In fact, in 2014, salmon
overtook Arctic char, and reached a striking 13448 million in 2018, considerably more than any other
species.

In contrast, rainbow trout was continually cultivated in relatively small amounts, beginning at only six
million tonnes in 2008. Although it did increase steadily, reaching a peak of 2138 million tonnes in 2016,
this level was short-lived, and by 2018 it had fallen to 295, which was almost the same as salmon’s
starting point ten years earlier.
The line graph shows changing trends in car ownership in the UK from 1951 to 2007. Overall, car
ownership increased significantly during this period and there is an increasing trend for households to
have more than one car.

At the beginning of this period, in 1951, car ownership was uncommon in the UK, with only just over
10% of the population owning one car and approximately 2% of households owning two cars. However,
the situation changed quite rapidly over the next 16 years and by 1967, approximately 45% of household
owned a car and just under 10% had two cars.

Over the next 40 years, from 1967 to 2007, single-car families remained relatively stable at around 45%.
In contrast, the percentage of households without a car continued to fall, albeit slightly less sharply. This
continued decline corresponded with increases in the ownership of multiple cars, with owning two cars
rising to just under 30% in 2007, while three or more cars accounted for just under 10%. Notably,
households having two cars increased to a greater degree than three or more cars during this period,
and the trend for three or more did not begin until towards the end of the 1960s.
The bar chart shows the ages of people injured at work across four sectors, in one country, in 2018.
Overall, while there is no clear trend connected to age, there are some similarities, with the injured
more likely to be in the oldest category in three of the four sectors, and 25- to 34-year-olds appearing
generally less affected.

In leisure and hospitality and manufacturing, injuries generally increased with age, with approximately
10% more in each age group. In leisure and hospitality, around 12% of those injured were in the
youngest category and 38% in the oldest. In manufacturing, slightly more appeared in the younger
groups, with 15% aged 15 to 24 and 25% in the 25 to 34 group. However, the increase peaked at 35% in
workers aged 35 to 49, and as many 50- to 60-year-olds were among the injured as those aged 25 to 34.

Mining and construction and education and health also followed similar age-related patterns albeit in
reverse. In both sectors, the youngest and oldest groups were more affected than the middle groups,
though injuries appear more common in older workers in education and health, with 40% aged 50 to 60.
In contrast, in mining and construction, the youngest were most affected, again making up 40% of the
total. Notably, the lowest figure occurred in 25- to 34-year-olds working in education and health, with
only 5% among those injured at work.
The bar chart shows the value of imports and exports in the US categorised by mode of transport in
2012, 2018, and predicted figures for 2045. Overall, imports generally exceed the value of exports, and
there is continued growth in almost all areas, although air is predicted to remain dominant, while rail
carries the lowest value of goods.

In terms of imported goods, air transport had the highest values and increases, carrying goods valued at
$472 billion in 2012 and rising to $562 billion in 2018. Road transport was the second highest, with
figures climbing from $311 to $375 billion. In comparison, the figures for rail and water were significantly
lower, with rail rising only slightly from $109 to $115 billion and water actually declining from $288 to
$210 billion. Nevertheless, by 2045, all values are predicted to have increased and air will continue to
dominate, reaching a striking $3465 billion, significantly higher than any other sector.

With exports, similar trends and positions can be seen albeit at a lower level, and the figures for 2012
and 2018 were generally much closer, with air rising from $461 to $482 billion, and rail from $63 to $64
billion. However, notably, water more than doubled in value (from $73 to $154 billion) and, while
exports are expected to increase across all modes or transport in 2045, road alone will exceed the
equivalent value of imports at $1244 and $1219 billion respectively.
The bar graph compares daily fast food intake among men and women of different age groups in 2015.

Overall, the youngest age group (18-34) consumed the most fast food in 2015, while individuals aged 65
and above consumed the least across both genders. Additionally, women consistently consumed slightly
less fast food than men in all age groups. There was also a clear inverse relationship between age and
daily fast food consumption.

For men, young adults (18-34) obtained approximately 20% of their daily calories from fast food. This
proportion decreased significantly with age, dropping to around 7% for men aged 65 and above. Middle-
aged men (35-49) and those approaching senior age (50-64) had similar consumption patterns, with fast
food accounting for about 10% and 9% of their daily calories, respectively.

A similar trend was observed among women. Fast food constituted 16% of daily caloric intake for
women aged 18-34, but only 3% for those aged 65 and above. Women aged 35-49 derived just under
10% of their daily calories from fast food, slightly higher than the 8% observed in women aged 50-64.
The line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of men and women who joined a gym club over
a 30-year period from 1980 to 2010.

Overall, the trend for male gym attendees was characterized by significant volatility, culminating in a
notable decrease by the end of the period. Conversely, the number of female gym members exhibited a
general upward trend, showing a substantial increase from the beginning to the end of the period.

The number of male gym members displayed considerable instability. In 1980, there were
approximately 2,000 men with gym memberships. This figure almost doubled over the next five years.
However, this increase was followed by a sharp decline, dropping to around 1,800 members by 1995.
The numbers then stabilized until 2000, after which there was a dramatic surge, peaking at 5,000 male
members in 2005. This peak was short-lived, as the number plummeted to just 500 by 2010.

In contrast, the number of female gym attendees generally increased. Starting at 1,000 in 1980, the
number of women with gym memberships gradually rose, reaching a peak of 3,000 in 1995, despite a
slight dip in 1990. By 2000, this figure had decreased to just over 2,000, but it rebounded to its previous
peak five years later. After 2005, there was a gradual decline, with the number of female gym members
falling to just below 2,000 by 2010.
The plans show a university sports centre as it is now and the new layout following its
redevelopment. Overall, while some outdoor facilities will be lost, the new centre will be
significantly larger and will cater for a wider range of sports.

The sports centre currently consists of a relatively small central building with an outdoor court
on each side. The building houses a 25-metre pool, with a seating area and changing room, and
there is a gym to the rear and a reception area to the front.

Following the renovations, only the central pool and its facilities will remain the same. The
building will be expanded to the east and west removing the outdoor courts and making way for
more indoor facilities. These include a leisure pool on the western side, which will be slightly
larger than the existing one and will have its own changing room, and on the eastern side, a new
sports hall, and two dance studios. The current gym will be lengthened so that it is double its
current size. The reception area will also be widened making it more spacious. On arrival,
visitors to the new centre will benefit from a third changing room, a sports shop and a café, all
located around the reception area.
The diagram shows the different stages in the life cycle of a salmon. Overall, the cycle takes
almost ten years and comprises three main stages, each of which takes place in a different
aquatic environment.

The salmon begins life as an egg, in the slow-moving waters of the upper river, sheltered by
reeds and small stones. Over a period of five to six months, the eggs hatch into very small fish
known as ‘fry’, which can grow up to eight centimetres in length. The fry then move to the faster
flowing water of the lower river, where they remain for a period of four years and continue to
grow. During this phase, they can double or triple in size, reaching 12 to 15 centimetres, and are
now referred to as ‘smolt’.

At the end of this stage, the smolt leave the river for the open sea, where they will spend the
next five years of their life. It is in this salt-water environment that the fish develops its
characteristic shape and colouring and reaches its full length of 70 to 76 centimetres, almost ten
times its original size. Finally, the adult salmon will return to the slow-moving river to lay its eggs,
and the cycle will begin again. (208 words)
The graph illustrates the average house prices in three countries (A, B, and C) from 1997 to 2014.
Overall, it is evident that house prices in all three countries experienced significant fluctuations over this
period, with Country A and Country B showing more volatility compared to the relatively stable trend
observed in Country C. Additionally, while the average house price in Country A was dominant for most
of the timeframe, that in Country C remained consistently the lowest.

In detail, the average house price in Country A started at approximately $100,000 in 1997 and saw a
dramatic increase to around $500,000 in 2005. However, this was followed by a sharp decline to about
$300,000 in 2009 before stabilizing around $400,000 by 2014. This pattern indicates a significant rise
followed by a notable fall.

Country B exhibited a similar, albeit less extreme, pattern. Starting at around $50,000 in 1997, house
prices rose steadily, peaking at approximately $250,000 in 2007. After a slight dip in 2008, prices
rebounded and continued to rise, reaching nearly $300,000 by the end of the period in 2014. The
fluctuations here, though present, were not as pronounced as those in Country A.

In contrast, Country C showed a relatively steady increase in house prices. Beginning at just under
$100,000 in 1997, prices increased gradually with minor fluctuations, reaching around $150,000 in 2008.
After a brief drop in 2009, prices resumed their upward trend, peaking at approximately $200,000 in
2014. This indicates a more stable housing market in Country C compared to the other two countries.
The table compares changes in the number of religious and civil marriages registered in Australia over a
period spanning from 1960 to 2000, as well as the average ages of brides and grooms. Overall, while
religious marriages were initially predominant, there was a significant shift towards civil marriages over
these four decades. Additionally, the average age of both brides and grooms steadily increased, though
the age gap remained consistent.

In 1960, religious marriages were predominant with over 40,000 ceremonies compared to 8,000 civil
marriages – marking a fivefold difference. This trend continued in 1970 and 1980, with religious
marriages rising to 46,000 and 50,000, while civil marriages increased to 11,000 and 16,000 respectively.
By 1990, the pattern shifted. Religious marriages decreased to 32,000, while civil marriages rose sharply
to 28,000 – narrowing the initial gap. By 2000, civil marriages had surpassed religious ones, with 40,000
civil ceremonies compared to 36,000 religious ones.

The table also shows an upward trend in the average ages of brides and grooms. In 1960, brides
averaged 21 years and grooms 23 years. By 1970, these averages were 23 and 25 years, and in 1980,
they were 25 and 27 years. The most significant increase occurred between 1980 and 1990, with the
averages rising to 28 for brides and 29 for grooms. By 2000, the average age reached 30 for brides and
31 for grooms.
The two pie charts compare the reasons behind migrating from and to the UK in 2007. Overall, the most
significant reason for both immigration and emigration was related to employment. However, there are
notable differences in the specific reasons and their proportions between the two groups. Additionally,
the share of immigrants for study purposes was significantly larger than that of emigrants.

For immigration, almost a third of people immigrated to the UK with a definite job, which was closely
followed by the figure for formal study at 26%. By contrast, those who relocated to the UK to accompany
or join someone and in search of potential employment demonstrated much lower numbers, with
respective figures of 15% and 12%. It is also notable that only 6% of the immigrants preferred not to
mention the reason.
When it comes to emigration purposes, employment made up just about half of all the reasons, with
almost 30% emigrating with a definite job and 22% without one. This is in stark contrast to study
purposes, which only accounted for 4%. Another share of emigrants stated that they left the UK to
accompany or join someone (13%). Lastly, 18% of the emigrants kept their reasons undisclosed.
The line graph depicts the urbanization trends in the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia from
1970 to 2020, with projections extending to 2040. Overall, while all four nations show an upward trend
in the percentage of their populations living in cities, Malaysia and Indonesia are projected to
experience the most substantial growth, emerging as the leaders by 2040.

Focusing on Malaysia and the Philippines, both countries started with approximately 30% urban
populations in 1970. By 1990, both nations had seen increases to just above 45%. However, the
Philippines experienced a slight dip thereafter and is projected to reach just over 50% by 2040. In
contrast, Malaysia’s urban population is expected to grow significantly, reaching around 80% by 2040,
indicating a more robust trend towards urbanization.

Thailand and Indonesia exhibited similar trends, though at lower initial percentages. Both countries had
urban populations below 20% in 1970. By 2000, they had reached parity at around 28%. Notably,
Indonesia is projected to see a substantial increase in urbanization, with its urban population nearly
doubling from its 2000 level, reaching approximately 50% by 2040. Thailand's urban population is also
expected to grow, but at a more modest rate, with about half of its population living in cities by 2040.
The line graph provides information about the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted per person in
four European countries from 1967 to 2007. Overall, the UK and Sweden experienced a decreasing trend
in CO2 emissions over this period, while Italy and Portugal saw their emissions increase. Notably, British
citizens emitted the most CO2 per person throughout the entire timeframe.

Focusing on the countries that reduced their CO2 emissions, the United Kingdom started at nearly 11
metric tonnes per person in 1967, the highest among the four countries. From that point on, emissions
gradually declined, reaching approximately 9 metric tonnes per person by 2007. Sweden's trajectory
was different. Initially, emissions rose from about 9 metric tonnes in 1967 to just over 10 metric tonnes
in 1977. However, Sweden then made significant progress in reducing emissions, achieving a reduction
to about 5 metric tonnes per person by 2007.

In contrast, Italy and Portugal exhibited an upward trend in CO2 emissions. Italians began with relatively
low emissions, around 4 metric tonnes per person in 1967. Over the next three decades, this figure rose
significantly, leveling off at just under 8 metric tonnes per person by 2007—almost double the initial
amount. Meanwhile, Portugal had the lowest emissions in 1967, at just 1 metric tonne per person.
However, emissions in Portugal increased five-fold over the period, reaching parity with Sweden at
around 5 metric tonnes per person by 2007.
The bar chart provides information about four types of waste disposal in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain,
and the U.K. Overall, while the Dutch prefer a more environmentally friendly method of waste
management (recycling), the other three nations predominantly rely on landfilling. Conversely,
incineration and using waste for chemical processes are less common practices in these countries.

Focusing on the Netherlands, the vast majority of their waste, nearly 70%, is recycled, making it the
leading nation in environmentally conscious waste management. Additionally, the Dutch landfill the
least amount of waste, at just 8%. In contrast, the U.K. primarily relies on landfilling, with two-thirds of
their waste managed this way, making it the predominant method. The least common practice in the
U.K. is incineration, accounting for less than 5% of waste disposal.

Italy and Spain exhibit similar patterns in waste management. Both countries landfill approximately 40%
of their waste and use 20% for chemical processes. However, there are notable differences in their
other disposal methods. Spain incinerates a significant portion of its waste, around 40%, whereas Italy
has a higher recycling rate, at 20%.
The graph provides information on the number of applicants from four different regions to a university
in the UK from 1999 to 2003. Overall, there was an increasing trend in the number of applicants from
three out of the four regions, with only the European applicants showing a decline.

Initially, the number of applicants from European countries was the highest, starting at 30,000 in 1999.
However, this number slightly declined to 25,000 by 2000 and continued to decrease throughout the
period. In contrast, applicants from the Far East began at 15,000 and steadily increased, surpassing
European applicants by 2001, when their numbers reached nearly 28,000. By the end of the period, Far
Eastern applicants had risen to 30,000, three times the number of European applicants, which had
dwindled to around 10,000.

Applicants from the Middle East started at 10,000 in 1999 and experienced a steady rise, despite a slight
dip in 2002. By 2003, their numbers had reached 20,000, doubling over the five-year period. In contrast,
the number of African applicants remained the lowest throughout the period, barely exceeding 5,000
each year and showing little fluctuation.
The two maps illustrate the transformation of an Australian beachfront from 1950 to the present day.
Overall, significant development and renovation have taken place, resulting in enhanced capacity,
increased accessibility for visitors, and improved sports and dining facilities. Notably, the lighthouse and
pavilion have remained unchanged.

One major improvement is the extension of the road leading to the beach. The road now extends to the
lighthouse, providing easier access to amenities in the eastern part of the area. The playground, which
was the first amenity visible to visitors in 1950, has been removed to make way for an additional car
park. This change likely accommodates an increased number of visitors.

The addition of two surf clubs, each situated next to a pool, has made the beachfront more appealing to
surfing enthusiasts. Notably, one of the pools has been extended to 50 meters in length, likely catering
to both casual swimmers and those looking for more serious training facilities.

Another significant development is the construction of a large restaurant on the west side of the
beachfront. This addition, along with the existing dining tables, enhances the dining options available to
visitors, making the area more attractive for leisure and tourism.