Module 1.

1: ICT and Its Current State

What is ICT?
Information Communication Technology (ICT) is an umbrella term referring to communication hardware or software that allows the access,
storage, transmission and manipulation of information. In terms of Hardware, ICT specifically encompasses radio, television, communication
devices (smart and non-smart phones), desktops computers, laptops and network hardware and technologies. ICT is also comprised of software,
applications and platforms that allows information to be accessed, stored, transmitted and manipulated.

ICT is used across by many industries and disciplines and in some, it is a crucial element for them. ICT is now a part of many people’s lives, for
better or for worst. Ultimately, this technology depends on your behavior as an end user, thus learning how to use ICT properly and responsibly is
a must.

Current State of ICT

ICT is following certain trends as it is developing in this time and age. This trend dictates the idea and design of how ICT delivers information to
people. The following are emerging technologies, principles or concepts in ICT.
1. Convergent Technologies - This is when multiple different devices combine into a single gadget because of technological advancement. One
example of this is smartphone, where it is capable of doing the functions of a television, radio, computer, telephone, camera and GPS as a single
device.
2. Social Media – These are software, applications or platforms that allow users to communicate in an online social communities or network.
Social media allows people to communicate faster through a larger number of people.
3. Mobile Technologies - This is a term for devices that are easily carried and allows fast means of communication. These devices from the past
were originally big and bulk, but due to the technological advancement, they become smaller and more compact.

World Wide Web (WWW) vs Internet

People colloquially refer the world wide web (‘web’ for short) as the internet or vice versa interchangeably, but there are key differences between
the two.

The Internet by definition is the actual interconnection of computers and other networks, while the web refers to the system that enables people to
access information over the internet. The internet is the hardware aspect because it relates to computer networks, connections and
infrastructures. The web on the other hand, refersto the software aspect asit relatesto the Protocols or HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP
are the system or proceduresthat enables the transfer of information in the internet) web services, applications and platforms.

Web Versions
The web has three distinctive versions namely: Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. Some people think that the indicated web versions are updates
across a particular point of history. The versions of the web are categorized based on functionality and features that it represents.

Module 1.2: Software Application and Platforms

Different Types of Online Platforms

WEB SEARCH ENGINES. It is a software system designed to search for information on the World Wide Web (WWW). The search results are
generally presented in a line of results referred to as Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs).

Communication Services. These are outsourced enterprise communications solutions that can be leased from a single vendor or provider. A
Communications Service Provider (CSP) is a provider that transports information electronically and can encompass public and private companies
in telecom, internet, cable, satellite, and managed services business.

Payment System. It is any system used to settle financial transactions through the transfer of monetary value and includes the institutions,
instruments, people, rules, procedures, standards, and technologies.

Advertising Platforms. It allows users to create and manage advertising campaigns, generate reports, and retrieve information about the ads,
campaigns, and organizations associated with an account.

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With the advent of technology, these types of payments are now being done through online transactions. It has made payments and sending or
receiving money more comfortable, convenient, less hassle, and not time-consuming for people.

Payment transactions are useful in many ways. These are:

1. Cash (bills and change) It is one of the most useful ways to use for any purchase.
2. Personal checks (US check) It is ordered through one's account.
3. Debit Card When using this, the buyer takes the money directly out of his account.

Let us explore more of social applications and platforms.

Social Media. Social Media are forms of electronic communication (as Websites for social networking and microblogging) through which users
create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos).

Social Networking. What is the difference between social media and social networking? These are forms of media. Essentially, social media is a
platform for broadcasting information, whereas social networking is a platform for communicating with one another. Social media is a
communication channel, whereas, in social networking, communication has a two-way nature.

Even with the distinction being given, some nuances can be pointed out. As an example of how they differ and yet somewhat overlap, Facebook is
a social networking site. You register and post your profile, connect with friends, and comment on topics in a generally interactive way. On that
same social networking site, companies set up a presence and use Facebook as a way to promote their brand and gain followers.

PLATFORM FOR ADVERTISING

Facebook. Facebook advertising is picking up speed in the business world. It uses social graph and activities to pinpoint those who fall into your
buyer demographics, making Facebook ads incredibly useful. Facebook ads are more likely to bring in strong leads that are looking for your
services. They help make sure your advertising budget is not wasted on those who are not interested in what you are offering. Facebook makes
your product or service put into the hands of the exact person who wants it.

PLATFORM FOR HASHTAGGING

Twitter. Twitter is a fast-paced, concise, and easy way to connect with your audience. With over 310 million registered users (and growing),
Twitter is a sea of information of 140 characters or less content waiting to be read, clicked, followed, and re-tweeted. When marketing on Twitter,
you need to have content that is enticing to stop and click through. People are usually scrolling quickly, to take more than just a simple text to stop
them in their tracks. Make sure when you are constructing your tweets, you are making people want to click through.

PLATFORM FOR GROUPING

LinkedIn. LinkedIn is different from the rest of the social media outlets because it is specially designed for businesses and professionals. Users
mainly go to LinkedIn to showcase their job experience and professional thoughts, making it one of the most important platforms to use for those
in B2B. LinkedIn is a valuable tool not only for driving traffic but prospecting, establishing thought leadership, as well as recruiting.

PLATFORM FOR TEACHING

YouTube. YouTube is the leading video-sharing platform in the world. On your channel, your brand can share and edit videos, create playlists,
and prompt discussions.

PLATFORM FOR ANALYZING BUSINESS

Pinterest. Pinterest is one of the unique marketing platforms on this list. Instead of posting content for your audience to read, on Pinterest, you
will post just a clickable picture and a short

Module 2: Netiquettes

Core Rules of Netiquette

Netiquette, or network etiquette, is concerned with the "proper" manner of communication in the online environment. Whenever you communicate
in the virtual world, consider the following "rules," adapted from Virginia Shea's Core Rules of Netiquette.

Rule 1: Remember the Human

When communicating electronically, whether through email, instant message, discussion post, text, or another method, practice the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would
have others do unto you. Remember, your written words are read by real people, all deserving of respectful communication. Before you press "send" or "submit," ask yourself,
"Would I be okay with this if someone else had written it?"

Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
While it can be argued that standards of behavior may be different in the virtual world, they certainly should not be lower. You should do your best to act within the laws and ethical
manners of society whenever you inhabit "cyberspace." Would you behave rudely to someone face-to-face? On most occasions, no. Neither should you behave this way in the
virtual world.

Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace

"Netiquette varies from domain to domain." (Shea, 1994) Depending on where you are in the virtual world, the same written communication can be acceptable in one area, where
it might be considered inappropriate in another. What you text to a friend may not be appropriate in an email to a classmate or colleague. Can you think of another example?

Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth

Electronic communication takes time: time to read and time in which to respond. Most people today lead busy lives, just like you do, and don't have time to read or respond to
frivolous emails or discussion posts. As a virtual world communicator, it is your responsibility to make sure that the time spent reading your words isn't wasted. Make your written
communication meaningful and to the point, without extraneous text or superfluous graphics or attachments that may take forever to download.

Rule 5: Make yourself look good online

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One of the virtual world's best things is the lack of judgment associated with your physical appearance, the sound of your voice, or the clothes you wear (unless you post a video
of yourself singing Karaoke in a clown outfit.) The quality of your writing will judge you, so keep the following tips in mind: Always check for spelling and grammar errors, Know
what you're talking about and state it clearly, Be pleasant and polite

Rule 6: Share expert knowledge

The Internet offers its users many benefits; one is the ease in which information can be shared or accessed, and in fact, this "information sharing" capability is one of the reasons
the Internet was founded. So in the spirit of the Internet's "founding fathers," share what you know! When you post a question and receive intelligent answers, share the results
with others. Are you an expert at something? Post resources and references for your subject matter. You have recently expanded your knowledge about a subject that might be of
interest to others? Share that as well.

Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control

What is meant by "flaming" and "flame wars?" "Flaming is what people do when they express a strongly held opinion without holding back any emotion." (Shea, 1994). As an
example, think of the kinds of passionate comments you might read on a sports blog. While "flaming" is not necessarily forbidden in virtual communication, "flame wars," when two
or three people exchange angry posts between one another, must be controlled, or the camaraderie of the group could be compromised. Don't feed the flames; extinguish them by
guiding the discussion back to a more productive direction.

Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy

Depending on what you are reading in the virtual world, be it an online class discussion forum, Facebook page, or an email, you may be exposed to some private or personal
information that needs to be handled with care. Perhaps someone is sharing some medical news about a loved one or discussing a situation at work. What do you think would
happen if this information "got into the wrong hands?" Embarrassment? Hurt feelings? Loss of a job? Just as you expect others to respect your privacy, so should you respect the
privacy of others. Be sure to err on the side of caution when deciding to discuss or not to discuss virtual communication.

Rule 9: Don't abuse your power

Like in face-to-face situations, there are people in cyberspace who have more "power" than others. They have more expertise in technology or have years of experience in a
particular skill or subject matter. Maybe it is you who possesses all of this knowledge and power! Just remember: knowing more than others do or having more power than others
may have does not give you the right to take advantage of anyone. Think of Rule 1: Remember the human.

Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes

Not everyone has the same amount of experience working in the virtual world. And not everyone knows the rules of Netiquette. At some point, you will see a stupid question, read
an unnecessarily long response, or encounter misspelled words; when this happens, practice kindness and forgiveness as you would hope someone would do if you had
committed the same offense. If it's a minor "offense," you might want to let it slide. If you feel compelled to respond to a mistake, do so in a private email rather than a public forum.

Module 3: Online Navigation

Steps in Online Navigation

1. In your desktop, laptop or smartphones, open the browser and search Google and type the word, phrase or thought you want to search.
2. On the right part of the window, click setting and the google search settings pop-up list will appear. Then proceed to advanced search.
3. Type the keywords that you would like to search and click the Advanced Search button. You can search through all the words that you’ve typed,
or you can narrow it down to specific words.

Research Skills
In order to achieve or access what you are looking for, you need to improve yourself. As the old saying goes, “Practice Makes Perfect”. Good
research is a product of multiple and continuous searches, here are some skills you can improve or adapt to:
1. Critical Thinking – As you search through the web, you must think very carefully about the information that you have gathered. Critical thinking
involves the ability to reflect on the information presented to you.
2. Data Organizing – A good researcher can organize his/her collected data. As you collect those data, be sure to track where specific information
is gathered.
3. Research Presenting – Part of your research is the actual writing, be creative and reflective in writing your search, explain every detail and step
into achieving your objective.

Remember that not all searches are good ones, some are considered as satirical or untrue. Here are some tips in identifying good searches from
satirical searches.
1. If the contents of the source are too impossible to happen, or too good to be true, then there must be something wrong.
2. If the site started as a false site for public figures such as TV personalities or political figures, then uploaded stories from different sources, it is
a satirical one.
3. If the site is unfamiliar and continuously popping ads, then it is satirical.

Examples of Satirical News

a. The 2 years in K-12 Curriculum for Senior High School has been removed.
b. President Duterte resigned as the leader of the Philippine nation.
c. You can win 1 million pesos just by answering a given survey form.
d. A certain actress/actor is alleged as pregnant being in another country for a long time.

Module 5: Imaging and Design for the Online Environment

Understanding Graphic Design and Layout

What makes a good and effective website? How do users interact with the websites they visit?

A good website must know its target audience, determine its needs, and communicate effectively using the basic principles of graphics and layout.
Users or visitors may have different interests and needs like browsing, researching, streaming, online shopping, dating, and many others. They
even behave differently depending on what they perceive on the website. Web design matters in every user, whether they can decide to stay or
just leave. Usability is important for the users as it satisfies their experience on the website, but a good design will drag the audience’s attention to
stay on the page. Always remember that first impressions last and web design has an impact on the users on how they perceive the brand or
message.
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Graphic design is an artistic way of communicating ideas and messages through visual expressions using texts, images, and symbols. Graphic
designers work on the quality of the output they serve for the audience or clients like websites, advertisements, posters, flyers, logos, videos, and
any other multimedia form. A practical graphic layout and design can easily catch the attention of the viewers and allow them to understand the
message conveniently.

Graphic Design vs. Layout Design

is a plan of creating an idea through a combination of texts, images, and other elements that are placed together artistically, whereas, the layout is
a term used as the process of organizing and arranging these elements in a design as you plot it in a paper.

Basic Principles of Design and Layout

1. Balance. It refers to the proper arrangement of the elements, which gives a visual weight for the design. There are two types of balance,
Symmetrical or Asymmetrical. Symmetrical balance is where the elements are equally distributed on both sides of your design, technically a
mirror-based design. In contrast, Asymmetrical balance is a free layout where the elements can be placed in any order or the opposite of
symmetrical.

2. Emphasis. It refers to something that needs to stand-out or emphasize. When working on emphasis, you can change the color, size, or even
the element itself to lead the eye to the focal interest.

3. Pattern, Repetition and Rhythm. The use of repetitive elements such as lines, shapes, forms, textures, space, colors, font, style, and the like
to create texture, movement, continuity, and consistency of the design. It also makes the design formal and more comfortable to read because of
its uniformity.

4. Alignment. It refers to the proper placement of an element to your design, just like invisibly placing or aligning your texts or images diagonally,
vertically, and horizontally. The standard texts or paragraph alignment we apply are center, right, left, and justified.

5. Hierarchy. It refers to the proper arrangement of the details such as text, characters, numbers, and symbols. Changing its character size,
thickness, spaces, or even font type to stand out is its most critical features. By applying this principle, it can help the viewer to recognize and
navigate the highlight of the event smoothly.

6. Contrast. It refers to the use of different or opposite elements such as sizes (large or small), shapes (geometric or organic), spaces (negative
or positive), form (real or abstract), colors (monochromatic, complementary, triadic, tetradic), texture (smooth or rough), and values (light or dark).
The contrast gives visual weight to an object or design. You must consider and limit the use of different elements, color, style, and typography to
avoid cluttered design. When creating contrast in color and text, it is advised to choose a color from the background to create consistency of your
design. Always remember that the details must be readable by having a dark-light value of either text and background or vice-versa.

7. Unity and Harmony. It refers to the relationship of the elements or the contents when you place them together. The elements of the design
must work together and agree to its meaning, theme, feeling, or mood.

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