SPACECRAFT

A spacecraft or spaceship is a craft, vehicle, vessel or machine designed for spaceflight. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, planetary exploration and transportation of humans and cargo. On a sub-orbital spaceflight, a spacecraft enters space and then returns to the surface, without having gone into an orbit. For orbital spaceflights, spacecraft enter closed orbits around the Earth or around other celestial bodies. Spacecraft used for human spaceflight carry people on board as crew or passengers from start or on orbit (space stations) only, while those used for robotic space missions operate either autonomously or telerobotically. spacecraft used to support scientific research are space probes. Robotic spacecraft that remain in orbit around a planetary body are artificial satellites. Only a handful of interstellar, such as Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and New Horizons, are currently on trajectories that leave our Solar System. Orbital spacecraft may be recoverable or not. By method of reentry to Earth they may be divided in non-winged space capsules and winged spaceplanes. Currently, only a few nations have spaceflight technology: Russia (Russian Federal Space Agency), the United States (NASA, the US Air Force, SpaceX (a U.S private aerospace company), the European Union (European Space Agency), the People's Republic of China (China National Space Administration), Japan (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), and India (Indian Space Research Organization). As of 2012, only the U.S., Russia, and China have demonstrated human spaceflight capability. Spacecraft (spaceship) and space travel are common themes in works of science fiction.

KINDS OF STARS
A star is a star, right? Well, not exactly. There are many different types of stars, from the tiny brown dwarfs to the red and blue supergiants. There are even more bizarre kinds of stars, like neutron stars and Wolf-Rayet stars. Lets take a look at all the different types of stars there are. Protostar A protostar is what you have before a star forms. A protostar is a collection of gas that has collapsed down from a giant molecular cloud. The protostar phase of stellar evolution lasts about 100,000 years. Over time, gravity and pressure increase, forcing the protostar to collapse down. All of the energy release by the protostar comes only from the heating caused by the gravitational energy nuclear fusion reactions havent started yet. T Tauri Star A T Tauri star is stage in a stars formation and evolution right before it becomes a main sequence star. This phase occurs at the end of the protostar phase, when the gravitational pressure holding the star together is the source of all its energy. T Tauri stars dont have enough pressure and temperature at their cores to generate nuclear fusion, but they do resemble main sequence stars; theyre about the same temperature but brighter because theyre a larger. T Tauri stars can have large areas of sunspot coverage, and have intense X-ray flares and extremely powerful stellar winds. Stars will remain in the T Tauri stage for about 100 million years. Main Sequence Star The majority of all stars in our galaxy, and even the Universe, are main sequence stars. Our Sun is a main sequence star, and so are our nearest neighbors, Sirius and Alpha Centauri A. Main sequence stars can vary in size, mass and brightness, but theyre all doing the same thing: converting hydrogen into helium in their cores, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. A star in the main sequence is in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium. Gravity is pulling the star inward, and the light pressure from all the fusion reactions in the star are pushing outward. The inward and outward forces balance one another out, and the star maintains a spherical shape. Stars in the main sequence will have a size that depends on their mass, which defines the amount of gravity pulling them inward. The lower mass limit for a main sequence star is about 0.08 times the mass of the Sun, or 80 times the mass of Jupiter. This is the minimum amount of gravitational pressure you need to ignite fusion in the core. Stars can theoretically grow to more than 100 times the mass of the Sun.

Red Giant Star When a star has consumed its stock of hydrogen in its core, fusion stops and the star no longer generates an outward pressure to counteract the inward pressure pulling it together. A shell of hydrogen around the core ignites continuing the life of the star, but causes it to increase in size dramatically. The aging star has become a red giant star, and can be 100 times larger than it was in its main sequence phase. When this hydrogen fuel is used up, further shells of helium and even heavier elements can be consumed in fusion reactions. The red giant phase of a stars life will only last a few hundred million years before it runs out of fuel completely and becomes a white dwarf. White Dwarf Star When a star has completely run out of hydrogen fuel in its core and it lacks the mass to force higher elements into fusion reaction, it becomes a white dwarf star. The outward light pressure from the fusion reaction stops and the star collapses inward under its own gravity. A white dwarf shines because it was a hot star once, but theres no fusion reactions happening any more. A white dwarf will just cool down until it because the background temperature of the Universe. This process will take hundreds of billions of years, so no white dwarfs have actually cooled down that far yet. Supergiant Stars The largest stars in the Universe are supergiant stars. These are monsters with dozens of times the mass of the Sun. Unlike a relatively stable star like the Sun, supergiants are consuming hydrogen fuel at an enormous rate and will consume all the fuel in their cores within just a few million years. Supergiant stars live fast and die young, detonating as supernovae; completely disintegrating themselves in the process.

PART OF SPEECH In grammar, a part of speech (also a word class, a lexical class, or a lexical category) is a linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), which is generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behavior of the lexical item in question. Common linguistic categories include noun and verb, among others. There are open word classes, which constantly acquire new members, and closed word classes, which acquire new members infrequently if at all.
Almost all languages have the lexical categories noun and verb, but beyond these there are significant variations in different languages. For example, Japanese has as many as three classes of adjectives where English has one; Chinese, Korean and Japanese have nominal classifiers whereas European languages do not; many languages do not have a distinction between adjectives and adverbs, adjectives and verbs or adjectives and nouns, etc. This variation in the number of categories and their identifying properties entails that analysis is done for each individual language. Nevertheless the labels for each category are assigned on the basis of universal criteria.

CLASSIFICATION NOUN
a part of speech inflected for case, signifying a concrete or abstract entity

VERB
a part of speech without case inflection, but inflected for tense, person and number, signifying an activity or process performed or undergone

PARTICIPLE
a part of speech sharing the features of the verb and the noun

INTERJECTION
a part of speech expressing emotion alone

PRONOUN
a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for person

PREPOSITION
a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax

ADVERB
a part of speech without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb

CONJUNCTION
a part of speech binding together the discourse and filling gaps in its interpretation

Parts of Speech Examples Here are some sentences made with different English parts of speech: verb Stop! noun John verb works. noun John verb is verb working.

pronoun She

verb loves

noun animals.

noun Animals

verb like

adjective kind

noun people.

noun Tara

verb speaks

noun English

adverb well.

noun Tara

verb speaks

adjective good

noun English.

pronoun She

verb ran

preposition to

adjective the

noun station

adverb quickly.

pron. She

verb likes

adj. big

noun snakes

conjunction but

pron. I

verb hate

pron. them.

Here is a sentence that contains every part of speech: interjection Well, pron. she conj. and adj. young noun John verb walk prep. to noun school adverb slowly.

BAHAGI NG PANANALITA >Pangngalan (noun)- mga pangalan ng tao, hayop, lugar, at bagay Halimbawa: Corazon Aquino, bata, babae, kabayo, tabo

>Panghalip (pronoun) - panghalili sa pangngalan. Halimbawa: ako, ikaw, siya, atin, amin, kanya, kanila

>Pandiwa (verb)- bahagi ng pananalita na nagsasaad ng kilos. Halimbawa: sayaw, tuwa, sulat, laro

>Pang-uri (adjective) - naglalarawan ng katangian ng pangngalan o panghalip. Halimbawa: maganda, maputi, pakla, asim

>Pang-abay (adverb) - nagbibigay turing sa pangngalan, panghalip, pandiwa at kapwa nito pang-abay. Halimbawa:nang, sa, noon, kung, kapag, araw-araw, taon-taon, kahapon,ngayon, bukas

>Pantukoy (preposition) - kataga o salitang nag-uugnay sa pangngalan o panghalip sa ibang salita sa pangungusap. Halimbawa:laban sa, hinggil sa, ayon sa, tungkol sa, para sa, ukol kay, laban kay, para kay, tungkol kay, ayon kay, hinggil kay

> Pangatnig (conjunction) - ginagamit para ipakita ang relasyon ng mga salita sa pangungusap. Halimbawa: dahil, maging, man, gawa ng, upang, nang, para, samatala atbp.

>Pang-angkop- mga katagang nag-uugnay sa magkakasunod na salita sa pangungusap upang maging madulas o magaan ang pagbigkasng mga ito. Halimbawa: na, ng

>Pang-ukol(Article) - katagang ginamit sa pagpapakilala sa pangngalan. Halimbawa: Ang, Ang mga,Si, SinaNg, mga, Ni, Nina, Kay, Kina, Sa, Sa mga

>Pandamdam(Interjection) - mga salita na ngpapahiwatig ng emosyon o dinadamdam Halimbawa:Aray!

HALIMBAWA SA PANGUNGUSAP 1) Pangngalan ay mga pangalan ng tao, hayop, pook, bagay, pangyayari. Ito ay ginamit sa pagtawag sa pangalan ng mga hayop, tao, lugar at pangyayari. Halimbawa: Bogart ang panagalan ng aso nila. Si Angelina ang pinakamabait sa lahat. Sa SM Bacoor ay maraming tao. Bagong Taon ang gusto ko sa lahat. Ang lapis na hawak mo ay sa kanya. 2) Pangatnig ay ginagamit para ipakita ang relasyon ng mga salita sa pangungusap. Halimbawa: Magkaisa kayo upang umunlad ang bansa natin. Mahal ka niya dahil mabait at maganda ka. Nagalit siya sa iyo gawa ng siniraan mo siya. Mag-aral ka ng mabuti upang tumaas ang iyong marka. Lumapit ka para marinig mo. 3) Panghalip ay ginagamit sa pagpapalit o paghalili sa pangngalan. Ako ang mamumuno sa bayan na ito. Tayo ay magtulungan. Siya ang astig sa lahat. Sa kanya ko binigay an gang aking bag. Sa atin mapupunta ang kagalingan ng bayani. 4) Pang-ukol ay ginagamit kung para kanino o para saan ang kilos. Halimbawa: Bumili siya ng libro para kay Carlo. Ipinasa niya lahat ang kanyang marka liban sa Math. Sumama siya kahit labag sa kanya. Nagpaliwanag siya tungkol sa paksa. Nakatanggap ako ng regalo mula sa iyo.

5) Pandiwa bahagi ng pananalita na nagsasad ng kilos. Halimbawa: Sumasayaw ng low ang mga bata. Kumakanta si Dexter ng fall for you. Lumalangoy siya sa dagat. Umaarte siya na parang artista. Tumatakbo siya ng mabilis. 6) Pang-angkop bahagi ng pananalita na ginagamit para maging maganda pakinggan ang pagkakasabi ng pangungusap. Halimbawa: Magandang bata si Elena. Masipag na estudyante si Melvin. Si Allan ay mahinahong makipag-usap. Marangal na pag-uugali ang meron kay Marvin. Butihing anak si Jason. 7) Pang-uri naglalarawan ng karakter o katangian ng pangngalan o panghalip. Halimbawa: Mayabang si Chris Michael. Malago ang puno. Matangkad ang mga manlalaro ng basketball. Mataba si Jen. Mabait na bata si Angelu. 8) Pang-abay naglalarawan kung paano ginawa ang kilos o pandiwa o naglalarawan din ng kapwa pang-abay. Halimbawa: Mabilis tumakbo si Lydia de Vega. Ang buong mag-anak ay nagsimba kahapon. Maliligo kami sa ilog. Sampung magagandang dalaga ang kalahok sa paligsahan. Tunay na mapagkakatiwalaan ang kaibigan ko.