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Module 1 part 2

This document outlines a module on matrices, detailing lessons on matrix operations, special matrices, determinants, and the adjoint and inverse of matrices. It includes a schedule for lectures and laboratory sessions, as well as specific learning outcomes for students. Additionally, it provides exercises for students to practice identifying singular and non-singular matrices, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and finding inverses.

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jbanzuela
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18 views

Module 1 part 2

This document outlines a module on matrices, detailing lessons on matrix operations, special matrices, determinants, and the adjoint and inverse of matrices. It includes a schedule for lectures and laboratory sessions, as well as specific learning outcomes for students. Additionally, it provides exercises for students to practice identifying singular and non-singular matrices, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and finding inverses.

Uploaded by

jbanzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

BSCE

I. LESSON : Lesson No. 1 Review of the Mathematical


Foundation Part 2

II. SCHEDULE : Wed 10:00 AM-12:00 PM for our lecture


Tue 01:00 PM-02:30 PM Thu 01:00 PM-02:30 PM
for laboratory

III. OVERVIEW

This module composed of lessons on matrices include: what are


matrices, operations on matrices, Transpose, determinants and Rank of a
Matrix

IV. LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. The student will be able to perfom matrix operation such as


addition, subtraction matrices.
2. The student will be able to find the scalar product of a number k
and a matrix M.
3. The studend will be able to calculate matrix product.
4. The studend will be able to calculate matrix detetminants.

V. ACTIVITIES/ TASKS

PART II: READINGS

Special Matrices:

1. Transpose of a Matrix

If A = [aij] is mxn matrix, then the matrix of order n x m obtained by


interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the transpose of A. It is
denoted At or A’.

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Example if [ ], then [ ]

2. Symmetric Matrix:

A square matrix A is called symmetric if A = At for example if

[ ] then [ ]

Thus A is symmetric

3. Skew Symmetric:

A square matrix A is called skew symmetric if A = -At

for example if [ ] then

[ ] [ ]

4. Singular and Non-singular Matrices:

A square matrix A is called singular if |A| = 0 and is non-singular if |A| ≠ 0,


for example if

[ ], then | | , Hence A is singular

And if [ ], then | |

Hence A is non-singular.
.
Example: Find k if [ ] is singular

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Solution:
Since A is singular so | |
(k – 2)( k + 2) – 5 = 0
k2 – 4 – 5 = 0
k2 – 9 = 0 ⇨ K = ± 3

5. Adjoint of a Matrix:
Let A = (aij) be a square matrix of order n x n and (cij) is a matrix obtained
by replacing each element aij by its corresponding cofactor cij then (cij)t is
called the adjoint of A. It is written as adj. A.

For example, if

[ ]

Cofactor of A are:
A11 = 5, A12 = - 2, A13 = +1
A21 = -1, A22 = 2, A23 = -1
A31 = 3, A32 = -2, A33 = 3
Matrix of cofactors is

[ ]

[ ]

Hence adj A = Ct [ ]

Note: Adjoint of a 2x2 Matrix:


The adjoint of matrix [ ] is denoted by adj A defined as

Adj A = [ ]

6. Inverse of a Matrix:
If A is a non-singular square matrix , then | |

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For example if matrix [ ]

Then adj [ ]
| | | |

Hence | |
[ ]

Alternately:

For a non singular matrix A of order (n x n) if there exist anothermatrix B of


order (n x n) Such that their product is the identity matrix I of order (n x n) i.e., AB
= BA = I
Then B is said to be the inverse (or reciprocal) of A and is written as B = A-1

Example: If [ ] and [ ] then show that


AB = BA = I and therefore, B = A-1
Solution:

[ ][ ] [ ]

And [ ][ ] [ ]

Hence AB = BA = I

and therefore [ ]

Example: Find the inverse, if it exists, of the matrix.

[ ]

Solution:

|A| = 0 +2 (–2 +3) – 3(–2 + 3) = 2 – 3


|A| = –1, Hence solution exists.

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Cofactor of A are:
A11 = 0, A12 = 1, A13 = 1
A21 = 2, A22 = –3, A23 = 2
A31 = 3, A32 = –3, A33 = 2
Matrix of transpose of the cofactors is

Adj [ ]

So

| |
[ ]

[ ]

Exercise

Q.1 Which of the following matrices are singular or non-singular.

(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] (iii) [ ]

Q.2 Which of the following matrices are symmetric and skewsymmetric

(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] (iii) [ ]

Q.3 Find K such that the following matrices are singular

(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] (iii) [ ]

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Q.4 Find the inverse if it exists, of the following matrices

(i) [ ] (ii) =[ ]

(iii) [ ] (iv) [ ]

Note: Show your solutions.

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