Republic of the Philippines

Province of Cotabato
Municipality of Makilala
MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Makilala, Cotabato
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Course Number : COMP 1 Instructor : Sheena May B. Villanueva

Course Title : Computer Application with Lab Mobile No. : 0991-360-8936
Credits : 3 units Email Address : [email protected]
Module No. :4

I. LEARNING OUTCOME(S):
After reading this module, you are expected to:
1. determine and evaluate various emerging technologies;
2. identify significant individuals in the discovery of the internet;
3. determine fundamental terms and definitions used in the web and internet;
4. familiarize oneself with the acronyms used in internet technology;
5. differentiate internet and WWW;
6. differentiate browser and search engine; and
7. identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.

I. TOPIC: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

• The Internet : Brief History of the Internet
• Major Components of the Internet
• Uses of the Internet
• The Web
• Types of Websites
• Advantages and Limitations of Internet

II. REFERENCES
a. ONLINE RESOURCES
i. Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet by Timothy Waweru. Retrieved 2021 at
https://www.academia.edu/9781930/Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Internet_Internet_Tech
nologies_Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Internet
ii. Living in the IT ERA e-book by Antonio Luna, et.al

III. COURSE CONTENT

Introduction

What exactly is the internet, and how does it work?

In the early days, most people just used the internet to search for
information. Today’s internet is a constantly evolving tool that not only
contains an amazing variety of information, but also provides new ways
of accessing, interacting and connecting with people and content. As
a result, new terms are constantly appearing as new technologies are
introduced.

 The internet is the largest computer network in the world,

connecting millions of computers.
o A network is a group of two or more computer systems
linked together.
 The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of
the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to
research and development of information infrastructure.

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LESSON 1: THE INTERNET

 The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of computer user.
 The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and “network”.
o Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels and
transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally,
nobody owns the internet.
 Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and wireless systems.

Brief History of Internet

 ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency

 January 2, 1969 – started an experimental computer network.
 Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the network. Even
if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network.
 In 1982 the word internet started.
 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University
 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet.
 Now all people can connect to the internet and improve their life and work quality.
 The internet support various aspects in our life.
 Vinton Gray Cerf – is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the
Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.

Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.

Types of Servers

• Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application
program.
• Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
• Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such
as computer and another server from which a user is requesting.
• Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote
senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery.
• File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so
that other computer on the same network can access them.
• Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides authorization
services and facilities tracking and control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to
a network device.

3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.

Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla, Microsoft Edge

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online through
domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

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 5. Internet Service Provider (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or
participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

LESSON 2: THE WORLD WIDE WEB

 The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into

Web pages containing text and graphic images.
 The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected
documents or content.
 It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that
lead to related information.
o Web site - A collection of linked Web pages that has a
common theme or focus
o Site’s home page - The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized
around and link back.
o Timothy John Berners-Lee – also known as TimBL, an English engineer and computer scientist best
known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at
the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

 The web is a wonderful place. It connects people from across the globe, keeps us updated with our friends
and family, and creates revolutions never before seen in our lifetime.
 Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser
 It has certainly come a long way since its humble beginnings back in the early 1980's.

The World Wide Web Uses Three Protocols:

1. HTML (Hypertext markup language) - The language that we write our web pages in.

2. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - Although other protocols can be used such as FTP, this is the most
common protocol.
1. It was developed specifically for the World Wide Web and favored for its simplicity and speed.
This protocol requests the 'HTML' document from the server and serves it to the browser.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

3. URLS (Uniform resource locator) - The last part of the puzzle required to allow the web to work is a URL.
– This is the address which indicates where any given document lives on the web.

Uniform resource locator

URL

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A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking web
pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align elements on
page.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

Example of Web 1.0

• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.
Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.

• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a page,
the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the web pages
that are affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social media,
blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

a. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends,
family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social purpose, a
business purpose, or both, through sites such as:
Example:

Facebook Pinterest
Twitter Tumblr
LinkedIn Instagram
Google+ Page

b. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page.
Example
Wordpress Blogger Tumbler

c. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience
directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of
the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for
maintaining its internal knowledge base.
Example:
Wikipedia Wiktioary Wikiews
Wikibooks Wikiqote Wikispecies
Wikiversity Wikivoyage
Commons Wikidata

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 d. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the
public at large or to invited guests.
Example:
Youtube LinkedIn VimeoPRO
Facebook Photobucket Myspace.com
LinkedIn Twitter Metacafe
Flickr Veoh
Photobucket Dailymotion

 Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are
able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous
to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a
data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It applies
same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies, distributed
databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous
agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system rather than
humans.

Types of websites:

• eCommerce Website
→ is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a number of
eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones have one? Any website
that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to provide credit card information to make a
purchase falls into this category.

• Business Website
→ is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should be branded like the
business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types of products and/or services
the business offers.

• Entertainment Website
→ If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a few websites that you
visit purely for entertainment purposes.

• Portfolio Website
→ are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who want to show potential
clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website to collect some of the best
samples of past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to build than a business website
and more focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.

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 • Media Website
→ collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with entertainment websites, but
media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in addition to or instead of content
meant purely for entertainment.

• Brochure Website
→ are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they need an online presence,
but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident you’ll continue to get most of your
business from other sources), a simple brochure site that includes just a few pages that lay out the
basics of what you do and provide contact information may be enough for you.

• Nonprofit Website
→ In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence, nonprofits do as well.
A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and will be
the first place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to
support it.

• Educational Website
→ The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the category of
educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of either providing educational
materials to visitors or providing information on an educational institution to them.

• Infopreneur Website
→ websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they represent a unique type
of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information products. That could be in the form of
courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks
.
• Personal Website
→ Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people find value in creating
personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal
blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.

• Web Portal
→ are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or institution. They
collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to make all relevant
information accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a login and
personalized views for different users that ensure the information that’s accessible is most useful to
their particular needs.

• Wiki or Community Forum Website

→ Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one out there:
Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any
website where various users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks
and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for
collecting valuable information sources.

LESSON 3: ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF INTERNET

Advantages of Internet

■ E-mail: Email is now an essential communication tools in business. With e-mail you can send and receive
instant electronic messages, which works like writing letters.

■ Information: Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering.

– There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject,
ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information,
new ideas and technical support.

■ Online Chat: You can access many ‘chat rooms’ on the web that can be used to meet new people,
make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends.

■ Services: Many services are provided on the internet like net banking, job searching, purchasing tickets,
hotel reservations, guidance services on array of topics engulfing every aspect of life.

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 ■ Communities: Communities of all types have sprung up on the internet. It is a great way to meet up with
people of similar interest and discuss common issues.

■ E-commerce: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many
online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card.

■ Entertainment: Internet provides facility to access wide range of Audio/Video songs, plays films. Many of
which can be downloaded. One such popular website is YouTube.

■ Software Downloads: You can freely download innumerable, software like utilities, games, music, videos,
movies, etc. from the Internet.

Limitations of Internet

■ Theft of Personal information: Electronic messages sent over the Internet can be easily snooped and
tracked, revealing who is talking to whom and what they are talking about.

■ Negative effects on family communication: It is generally observed that due to more time spent on
Internet, there is a decrease in communication and feeling of togetherness among the family members.

■ Internet addiction: There is some controversy over whether it is possible to actually be addicted to the
Internet or not. Some researchers, claim that it is simply people trying to escape their problems in an
online world.

■ Children using the Internet has become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers
involved when their children log onto the Internet.

■ Virus threat: Today, not only are humans getting viruses, but computers are also. Computers are mainly
getting these viruses from the Internet.

■ Virus is a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems.

■ Spamming: It is often viewed as the act of sending unsolicited email. This multiple or vast emailing is
often compared to mass junk mailings. It needlessly obstruct the entire system.

■ Most spam is commercial advertising, often for dubious products, get-rich-quick schemes, or quasi-legal
services.

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Additional Information

Web Browsers Timeline

■ Line Mode Browser - February 1992. This was also brought to us by Berners Lee. It was the first browser to
support multiple platforms.

■ Viola WWW Browser – March 1992. This is widely suggested to be the world’s first popular browser.

■ Mosaic Browser - January 1993. Mosaic was really highly rated when it first came out. It was developed
at University of Illinois

■ Cello Browser – June 1993. This was the first browser available for Windows.

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 ■ Netscape Navigator 1.1 - March 1995. This was the first browser to introduce tables to HTML.

■ Opera 1.0 - April 1995. This was originally a research project for a Norwegian telephone company. The
browser is still available today and is currently at version 12.

■ Internet Explorer 1.0 - August 1995. Microsoft decided to get in on the act when its Windows operating
system '95 was released. This was the browser that ran exclusively on that.

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 ■ Safari Browser – released in 2003 for Macintosh computers

■ Mozilla – Launched the Firefox in 2004

■ Mobile Safari – launched in 2007 for apple’s mobile IOS.

■ Google Chrome – released in 2008 and takes over the browser market.

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 ■ Opera Mini – launched in 2011 focusing in fast growing mobile browser market.

■ Microsoft Edge – was born in 2015 to combat Google Chrome

Search Engines

A search engine is software, usually accessed on the Internet, that searches a database of information
according to the user's query. The engine provides a list of results that best match what the user is trying
to find.

Different search engines:

■ Google Search
■ Bing
■ Yahoo Search
■ Baidu – China
■ AOL
■ Ask.com

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