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X25 and Frame Relay

X.25 is a reliable packet-switched protocol for WAN communications that offers error control and retransmission but has low data rates and larger overhead. Frame Relay, on the other hand, is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates faster with lower delays and minimal overhead, but it lacks error correction and flow control, leading to potential data loss. Both protocols serve different needs in data transmission, with X.25 focusing on reliability and Frame Relay emphasizing speed and efficiency.

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26 views12 pages

X25 and Frame Relay

X.25 is a reliable packet-switched protocol for WAN communications that offers error control and retransmission but has low data rates and larger overhead. Frame Relay, on the other hand, is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates faster with lower delays and minimal overhead, but it lacks error correction and flow control, leading to potential data loss. Both protocols serve different needs in data transmission, with X.25 focusing on reliability and Frame Relay emphasizing speed and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Kavita Patil
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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X.

25 and Frame Relay


What is DTE-DCE?
DTE-DCE Interface
X.25
 Protocols used for packet-switched
communications over a wide area network — a WAN.
 Allows various logical channels to make use of same
physical line.
 Used for ATM and Credit card verification.
Structure of X.25
Advantages of X.25
➨It is reliable protocol as it uses error control and
retransmission of bad packets.
➨It has faster response times.
➨It handles both high speed and low speed data
requirements.
➨The network is highly available due to use of distributed
routing.
➨It uses addressing capabilities.
➨It can be statistically multiplexed.
Drawbacks of X.25

➨It offers low data rate which is about 64 Kbps.


➨It utilizes flow control and error control at data link and
network layer. This results into larger overhead and
consecutively slows down the transmissions.
➨Queuing delays
➨Small packet size
➨ X.25 packets have a relatively large overhead of error-
correction information, resulting in comparatively low
overall bandwidth.
Frame Relay
 Frame Relay is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at
the physical and data link layers of the OSI reference model.
 Frame Relay is a packet switching technology that
fragmented into transmission units called frames and sent in high-
speed bursts through a digital network.
 It uses a technology called fast packet in which error checking does
not occur in any intermediate node of the transmission but done at
the ends.
 The protocol does not attempt to correct errors and so it is
faster.
 Error correction is handled by the endpoints, which are
responsible for retransmission of dropped frames.
 Frame relay has evolved from X.25 packet switching and objective
is to reduce network delays, protocol overheads and equipment
cost.
Working of frame relay
Advantages
 Streamlined communication process.
 Lower delay.
 Higher throughput.
 Frame relay can be used at access speeds upto 2 Mbps.
 Frame Relay is cost- effective, partly due to the fact that the
network buffering requirements are carefully optimized.
 Compared to X.25, with its store and forward mechanism
and full error correction, network buffering is minimal.
 Frame Relay is also much faster than X.25: the frames are
switched to their destination with only a few byte times
delay, as opposed to several hundred milliseconds delay on
X.25.
Disadvantages
 Frames are delivered unreliably.
 Packets may not be delivered in the same sequence as
that at the sending end.
 Packets having errors are simply discarded.
 Frame relay does not provide flow control.
 It does not provide the acknowledgement of received
packets.
 Frame discarded in case of network congestion. If
congestion occurs in the network, frame (data) is
discarded within the network without re-transmission
of this frame. The sender must perform re-transmission
control at his own responsibility.
Thank you.

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