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UXResearch Part1

The document provides an overview of research, defining it as the creation of new knowledge or the innovative use of existing knowledge. It outlines research objectives, characteristics, and various types of validity, emphasizing the importance of objectivity, reliability, and credibility in research. Additionally, it highlights that research is a systematic, cyclical, and logical process aimed at generating new insights and solutions.

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6 views14 pages

UXResearch Part1

The document provides an overview of research, defining it as the creation of new knowledge or the innovative use of existing knowledge. It outlines research objectives, characteristics, and various types of validity, emphasizing the importance of objectivity, reliability, and credibility in research. Additionally, it highlights that research is a systematic, cyclical, and logical process aimed at generating new insights and solutions.

Uploaded by

cemewot828
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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USER

RESEARCH
B-DES (Interaction Design)

By Piyush Kanti Mahapatra


Assistant Professor GD/UI UX
Introduction to Research
• Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing
knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies
and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the
extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.
• This definition of research is consistent with a broad notion of research and experimental
development (R&D) as comprising of creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in
order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and
society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
• This definition of research encompasses pure and strategic basic research, applied
research and experimental development. Applied research is original investigation
undertaken to acquire new knowledge but directed towards a specific, practical aim or
objective (including a client-driven purpose).
What is Research?
• The term research comprises of two words, namely ‘re’
and ‘search’. Generally, ‘re’ means again and ‘search’
means to find out. According to Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary, ‘research is a careful investigation or inquiry
specially to search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge.
• The term research comprises of two words, namely ‘re’
and ‘search’. Generally, ‘re’ means again and ‘search’
means to find out. According to Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary, ‘research is a careful investigation or inquiry
specially to search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge.
• Definition of research from the Oxford Advanced
Learner's Dictionary.- A careful study of a
subject, especially in order to discover new facts
or information about it.
Research Objectives
1. Gain familiarity with a new phenomenon or
develop new insight into a phenomenon.
2. Review and synthesize the existing knowledge.
3. Investigate some existing situation or problem.
4. Offer solutions to a problem.
5. Explore and analyze more general issues.
6. Construct or create a new procedure or system.
7. Generate new knowledge.
Research
Characteristics
1. Objectivity 6. Accuracy
2. Reliability 7. Credibility
3. Generalizability 8. Systematic
4. Empirical 9. Cyclic
5. Validity 10. Logical
Objectivity
• Research must be ensured that research is free of biases, prejudices and subjective errors. Bias from
external influences, personal beliefs, observers’ perspectives and human expectations can distort all
data. As we know that research follows scientific approach with the sole purpose of finding out the truth
which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. But finding the truth may be affected by
certain kinds of biases. So, the most formidable challenge in research is to remain objective and free
from biases.
• External influences: Particular culture or opinion created by media can influence people to accept
a particular world view.
• Personal bias: Personal bias due to personal beliefs, attributes or past experiences.
• Placebo biases: It operates when people strongly want to believe a treatment is successful. For
example, many people may claim to feel better after taking a placebo, such as a sugar pill.
Reliability
Reliability in the context of research is consistency. It refers to the extent to which an
investigation produces consistent results. It can also be termed as verifiability. Reliability means
similarities of results.

Validity
Validity in research mainly stands for accuracy of procedures, research instruments, tests, etc.
Evaluation tools allow you to collect and analyze data to assess a program or project's
effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and relevance. These tools can include surveys, questionnaires,
interviews, focus groups, case studies, and observational techniques. Evaluation tools can be
used to gather qualitative and quantitative data.
Types of Validity
➢ Internal validity: With higher internal validity, a researcher is able to establish better causal
relationship between two or more variables. This is specifically true in case of laboratory
experiments where cause-and-effect relationship is supposed to be more clearly established.
➢ External validity: It means that external factors that can affect the study must be controlled.
Sometimes, internal validity is also termed as credibility and external validity is termed as
generalizability or transferability.
➢ Face validity: By valid, we mean that survey and questionnaire accurately measure what they are
supposed to measure.
➢ Content validity: Content validity is the degree to Which a test or survey measures what it is
supposed to measure. It is the extent to which the test or survey covers all aspects of the topic,
construct, or behavior that it is designed to evaluate. Content validity can be assessed by checking
the accuracy, relevance, and objectivity of the content.
Types of Validity
➢ Criterion validity: The indicator corresponds with and is predictive of measurements using
related indicators. Criterion validity shows you how well a test correlates with an established
standard of comparison called a criterion. A measurement instrument, like a questionnaire, has
criterion validity if its results converge with those of some other, accepted instrument, commonly
called a “gold standard.
➢ Construct validity: Construct validity concerns how well a set of indicators represent or reflect a
concept that is not directly measurable. Construct validation is the accumulation of evidence to
support the interpretation of what a measure reflects.
Accuracy
Accuracy and precision are two measures of observational error. Accuracy is how close a given
set of measurements (observations or readings) are to their true value, while precision is how
close the measurements are to each other.

Credibility
Credibility in research is the degree to which the research findings are believable, appropriate, and
accurate interpretations of the participants' original data and views.
Generalizability
It is closely related to validity. It refers to the degree to which research findings can be applied
to a larger population. The sample considered is the representative of the whole population so
the findings should also be applicable to the whole population.

Empirical research
It is based on real-life experiences, direct experiences or observation by the researcher. It
implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of a real situation and deals
with concrete data that provides a basis for external validity to the results of the research. For
research to be effective, it has to be systematic. There are a set of procedures that have been
tested over a period of time and are, thus, suitable to use in research. Therefore, each research
should follow a definite procedure
Cyclic
Research is a cyclical process because it starts with
a problem and ends with a problem.

Logical
Good research is logical. This implies that research
is guided by the rules of logical reasoning and the
logical process of induction and deduction are of
great value in carrying out research.
THANK YOU

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