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Memory

The document provides an overview of computer memory systems, including types of memory, memory hierarchy, and cache memory principles. It discusses characteristics of memory systems, the purpose of cache memory, and the organization of cache in Pentium 4 processors. Additionally, it covers external memory types, including magnetic disks and SSDs, their functions, advantages, and performance parameters.

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12 views6 pages

Memory

The document provides an overview of computer memory systems, including types of memory, memory hierarchy, and cache memory principles. It discusses characteristics of memory systems, the purpose of cache memory, and the organization of cache in Pentium 4 processors. Additionally, it covers external memory types, including magnetic disks and SSDs, their functions, advantages, and performance parameters.

Uploaded by

khanhdh2k5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Memory System Overview & Characteristics of Memory Systems

1. Which of the following is the fastest type of memory in a typical computer system?
A) RAM
B) ROM
C) Cache
D) Hard disk
2. What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes volatile from non-volatile
memory?
A) Speed
B) Data retention without power
C) Cost
D) Storage capacity
3. In the memory hierarchy, which type of memory typically has the highest access
time?
A) Registers
B) Cache
C) RAM
D) Secondary storage
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good memory system?
A) Low access time
B) High cost per bit
C) Large storage capacity
D) Reliability

Memory Hierarchy

5. What is the main purpose of the memory hierarchy in computer systems?


A) To reduce storage size
B) To balance speed, cost, and capacity
C) To increase complexity
D) To improve power efficiency
6. In a typical memory hierarchy, which level is directly accessed by the CPU?
A) RAM
B) Cache
C) Hard drive
D) Registers
7. Which of the following memories is at the lowest level of the memory hierarchy?
A) Secondary storage
B) L3 cache
C) RAM
D) Registers

Cache Memory Principles


8. What is the main purpose of cache memory in a computer system?
A) To store large amounts of data
B) To act as a buffer between CPU and RAM
C) To permanently store data
D) To execute programs faster
9. Which of the following is a key characteristic of cache memory?
A) High latency
B) Small size
C) Low cost
D) Slow access speed
10. What principle is cache memory based on?
A) Sequential access
B) Locality of reference
C) Random access
D) Binary search

Pentium 4 Cache Organization & Cache Design

11. How many levels of cache are typically present in a Pentium 4 processor?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
12. What type of cache organization is used in the Pentium 4 processor?
A) Fully associative
B) Direct-mapped
C) Set-associative
D) Multi-level associative
13. Which of the following is NOT a key element of cache design?
A) Cache size
B) Mapping function
C) Instruction set architecture
D) Write policy

Cache Addresses, Size, and Mapping Functions

14. Which factor directly affects the hit rate in cache memory?
A) Cache address length
B) Cache size
C) Line size
D) Write policy
15. What is the function of a mapping technique in cache design?
A) To determine how data is stored in the cache
B) To optimize cache power consumption
C) To increase cache capacity
D) To improve CPU speed
16. What is a typical mapping function used in cache memory?
A) Random mapping
B) Associative mapping
C) Static mapping
D) Matrix mapping

Replacement Algorithms, Write Policy, and Line Size

17. Which of the following is a common cache replacement algorithm?


A) Least Recently Used (LRU)
B) FIFO (First In, First Out)
C) Random replacement
D) All of the above
18. What does a cache write-through policy ensure?
A) Data is written to both cache and main memory
B) Data is written only to the cache
C) Data is discarded after writing
D) Data is written at a later time
19. How does increasing the line size of a cache affect performance?
A) It decreases miss penalty
B) It increases hit rate
C) It decreases hit rate
D) It increases the number of replacement algorithms

Number of Caches

20. What is the main purpose of having multiple levels of cache (L1, L2, L3) in modern
processors?
A) To reduce cost
B) To balance speed and size
C) To eliminate the need for RAM
D) To increase power consumption

ExternalMemory

1. What is the primary function of a magnetic disk?


A) Store data
B) Execute programs
C) Process graphics
D) Control hardware
2. Which mechanism is used to read data from a magnetic disk?
A) Optical laser
B) Magnetic head
C) Electric current
D) Mechanical arm
3. What is the typical data organization format on a magnetic disk?
A) Files and folders
B) Tracks and sectors
C) Bytes and bits
D) Pages and blocks
4. How are data sectors on a magnetic disk typically formatted?
A) Using a laser
B) With magnetic fields
C) Through thermal transfer
D) By mechanical engraving
5. Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of magnetic disks?
A) Platters
B) Spindle speed
C) Transistors
D) Read/write heads
6. What is the purpose of the disk performance parameter "seek time"?
A) Time taken to read data
B) Time taken to move the read/write head
C) Time to format the disk
D) Time to store data
7. What does SSD stand for?
A) Solid State Drive
B) Storage System Device
C) Sequential Data Disk
D) Secondary Storage Drive
8. Which is a major advantage of SSDs over HDDs?
A) Larger physical size
B) Slower access times
C) Higher speed
D) More mechanical parts
9. What type of memory is primarily used in SSDs?
A) Magnetic
B) Optical
C) Flash
D) RAM
10. In an SSD, how is data organized?
A) Tracks and sectors
B) Cells and pages
C) Layers and disks
D) Blocks and clusters
11. Which of the following is a practical issue associated with SSDs?
A) Susceptibility to magnetic fields
B) Limited write endurance
C) Large physical size
D) High power consumption
12. What is a common use for magnetic tape?
A) Real-time processing
B) Long-term archival storage
C) High-speed data retrieval
D) Running operating systems
13. How does magnetic tape store data?
A) Using laser etching
B) By magnetizing particles on a surface
C) Through electrical charges
D) Via optical discs
14. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using magnetic disks?
A) Faster than SSDs
B) Susceptible to physical damage
C) No moving parts
D) Lower cost per GB
15. What is the typical lifespan of an SSD compared to an HDD?
A) Shorter
B) About the same
C) Longer
D) Not measurable
16. Which performance parameter describes the amount of data that can be
read/written per second?
A) Latency
B) Throughput
C) Seek time
D) RPM
17. What is one of the main components of a magnetic disk drive?
A) Solid state chip
B) Optical lens
C) Platter
D) Transistor
18. How does SSD performance change with increased data usage?
A) It improves over time
B) It stays the same
C) It can degrade
D) It doubles
19. Which of the following storage types is typically slower?
A) SSD
B) HDD
C) Flash memory
D) RAM
20. What is a common feature of both magnetic disks and SSDs?
A) They both use mechanical parts
B) They both store data digitally
C) They both require frequent defragmentation
D) They both are susceptible to magnetic interference

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