Table of the Content

Index

Unit – 1 ⇝ Descriptive Statistics ...................................................................... 3

1) Method 2 ⇝ Measure of Central Tendency .......................................................................... 3

2) Method 3 ⇝ Measure of Variability ...................................................................................... 8

3) Method 4 ⇝ Moments ........................................................................................................ 10

4) Method 5 ⇝ Measures of Skewness ................................................................................... 12
5) Method 6 ⇝ Kurtosis ........................................................................................................... 13

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Unit 1 Descriptive Statistics

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Unit 1 Descriptive Statistics

Unit – 1 ⇝ Descriptive Statistics

Method 2 ⇝ Measure of Central Tendency

Example of Method-2.1: Examples of Mean
A 1 Find mean of following data:
(a) 2, 8, 4, 6, 10, 12, 4, 8, 14, 16
(b) 10, 9, 21, 16, 14, 18, 20, 18, 14, 18, 23, 16, 18, 4

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: (𝐚) 𝟖. 𝟒, (𝐛) 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟒𝟐𝟗

A 2 Find the mean for following data:

Weight of students 18 22 30 35 39 42 45 47
Number of students 4 5 8 8 16 4 2 3

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟑𝟒. 𝟓
A 3 Find the mean for following data:

x 10 20 36 40 50 56 60 70 72 80 88 92 95
f 1 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 1

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟓𝟗. 𝟑
B 4 Find the mean if survey regarding the weights (kg) of 45 students of class X
of a school was conducted and the following data was obtained:

x 20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40 40 – 45 45 – 50 50 – 55
f 2 5 8 10 7 10 3

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟑

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B 5 The following data represents the no. of foreign visitors in a multinational

company in every 10 days during last 2 months. Use the data to find the
mean.

Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
No. of visitors 12 18 27 20 17 06

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟖
C 6 Find the missing frequency from the following data if mean is 19.92.

Class 4–8 8 – 12 12 – 16 16 – 20 20 – 24
f 11 13 16 14 ?
24 – 28 28 – 32 32 – 36 36 – 40
9 17 6 4

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟗
C 7 Find the mean of the following frequency distribution:

Mid value 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Frequency 2 22 19 14 3 4 6 1 1
Cumulative 2 24 43 57 60 64 70 71 72

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟐

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Unit 1 Descriptive Statistics

Example of Method-2.2: Median

A 1 Find the median of following data:
(a) 6, 20, 43, 50, 19, 53, 0, 37, 78, 1, 15.
(b) 10, 34, 27, 24, 12, 27, 20, 18, 15, 30.
(c) 110, 115, 108, 112, 120, 116, 140, 135, 128, 132.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: (𝐚) 𝟐𝟎, (𝐛) 𝟐𝟐, (𝐜) 𝟏𝟏𝟖

A 2 If the median of the data is 2, find the value of a: −9, −4, a, 5, 8, 11.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: − 𝟏
A 3 Obtain the median size of shoes sold from the following data:

Size 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8

Pair 30 40 50 150 300 600 950

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟖. 𝟑𝟐
C 4 Calculate the missing frequency from the following distribution, it is being
given that the median of the distribution is 24.

Marks 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
No. of students 5 25 x 18 7

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓
C 5 The following table gives the marks obtained by 50 students in mathematics.
Find the median.

x 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49

f 4 6 10 5 7 3 9 6

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟗. 𝟓

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Example of Method-2.3: Mode

A 1 Find the mode of following data:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f 8 10 11 16 20 25 15 9 6

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟔
A 2 Find the mode from the following frequency distribution:

x 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
f 5 6 8 7 9 8 9 6

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏𝟐 & 𝟏𝟒
B 3 Find the mode of following data:

Class 200 – 220 220 – 240 240 – 260 260 – 280

f 7 15 21 19
280 – 300 300 – 320 320 – 340
6 4 2

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐𝟓𝟓
B 4 Find the mode of following data:

Class 400 – 500 500 – 600 600 – 700 700 – 800 800 – 900
f 8 16 20 17 3

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟔𝟓𝟕. 𝟏𝟒
C 5 The mode of the following data is 67. Find the missing frequency x.

Amount 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 90
Frequency 5 x 15 12 7

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟖
B 6 An insurance company obtained the following data for accident claims (in
thousand rupees) from a particular region. Find its mean, median and mode.

Amount 1–3 3–5 5–7 7–9 9 – 11 11 – 13

Frequency 6 47 75 46 18 8

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐱̅ = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟕, 𝐌 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟑, 𝐙 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟔

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C 7 Obtain the mean, median and mode for the following information:

Marks 0< 10 < 20 < 30 <

Number of
50 38 20 5
Students

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐱̅ = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔, 𝐌 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐, 𝐙 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕

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Unit 1 Descriptive Statistics

Method 3 ⇝ Measure of Variability

Example of Method-3: Dispersion
A 1 Find the standard deviation for the following distribution:

x 5 15 25 30
f 2 1 1 3

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟎𝟒

C 2 Find the standard deviation for the following distribution:

Class 0 – 100 100 – 200 200 – 300 300 – 400

f 6 10 18 20
400 – 500 500 – 600 600 – 700 700 – 800
15 12 10 9

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏𝟗𝟔. 𝟐𝟏
C 3 Find the standard deviation and variance of the mark distribution of 30
students at mathematics examination in a class as below:

Class 10 – 25 25 – 40 40 – 55 55 – 70 70 – 85 85 – 100
f 2 3 0 14 8 3

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝛔 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟑𝟗𝟏, 𝐕 = 𝟑𝟕𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖

B 4 Runs scored by two batsmen A, B in 9 consecutive matches is given below:

A 85 20 62 28 74 5 69 4 13
B 72 4 15 30 59 15 49 27 26
Which of the batsman is more consistent?

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭.

C 5 Goals scored by two team A and B in a football season were as shown in the
table. Find out which team is more consistent.

Number of goals in a match 0 1 2 3 4

Team A 27 9 8 5 4
Team B 17 9 6 5 3

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐦 𝐁 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭.

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C 6 Lives of two models of refrigerators turned in for new models in a recent

survey are given in the adjoining table.

Life (in year) 0–2 2–4 4–6 6–8 8 – 10 10 – 12

Model A 5 16 13 7 5 4
Model B 2 7 12 19 9 1
(1) What is the average life of each model of these refrigerators?
(2) Which model shows more uniformity?

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: (𝟏) 𝟓. 𝟏𝟐 & 𝟔. 𝟏𝟔, (𝟐) 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐁

B 7 Find the mean deviation about the mean, median and mode for the following
data:
5, 10, 17, 20, 23, 20.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐌𝐃(𝐱̅) = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟔, 𝐌𝐃(𝐌) = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟕, 𝐌𝐃(𝐙) = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟕

B 8 Find mean deviation about the mean, median and mode for the following
data:

x 2 5 6 8 10 12
f 2 8 10 7 8 5

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐌𝐃(𝐱̅) = 𝐌𝐃(𝐌) = 𝐌𝐃(𝐙) = 𝟐. 𝟑

C 9 Find mean deviation about the mean, median and mode for the following
data:

Class 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
f 5 10 20 9 6

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐌𝐃(𝐱̅) = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟖, 𝐌𝐃(𝐌) = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟎, 𝐌𝐃(𝐙) = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟎

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Method 4 ⇝ Moments
Example of Method-4: Moments
A 1 Find the first four moments about assumed mean 14, actual mean and zero
for the data 11, 12, 14, 16, 20.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝛍 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟒, 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟔𝟐, 𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟐

𝛍′ = 𝟎. 𝟔, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔, 𝟑𝟕. 𝟖, 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟖

𝐯 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟔, 𝟐𝟐𝟑. 𝟒, 𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟗. 𝟖, 𝟓𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟖

B 2 Calculate the four moments about assumed mean 15, actual mean and zero
for following distribution.

x 5 10 15 20 25
f 6 10 14 6 4

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝛍 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝟒, 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟕

𝛍′ = −𝟏, 𝟑𝟓, −𝟔𝟐. 𝟓, 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟎

𝐯 = 𝟏𝟒, 𝟐𝟑𝟎, 𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟐. 𝟓, 𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟕𝟓

B 3 Calculate the moments about assumed mean 3, actual mean and zero for
following distribution:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
f 5 4 3 7 1 1

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝛍 = 𝟎, 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟐, 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟏𝟕, 𝟗. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟗

𝛍′ = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟐, 𝟐. 𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟐, −𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟐, 𝟖. 𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟒

𝐯 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟖, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟑𝟖, 𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟓, 𝟏𝟗𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕

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C 4 Calculate the moments about assumed mean 35, actual mean and zero for
following distribution:

x 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70
f 8 12 20 30 15 10 5

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝛍 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟕𝟔, 𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟔, 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟔

𝛍′ = −𝟏. 𝟖, 𝟐𝟒𝟎, −𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎, 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝐯 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟐, 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟗, 𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟎, 𝟐𝟗𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟓

C 5 Calculate the moments about assumed mean 65, actual mean and zero for
following distribution:

Class 60 – 62 63 – 65 66 – 68 69 – 71 72 – 74
f 5 18 42 27 8

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝛍 = 𝟎, 𝟖. 𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟓, −𝟐. 𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟑, 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟗

𝛍′ = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓, 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟑, 𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟗, 𝟓𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟑

𝐯 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟒𝟓, 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟖. 𝟎𝟑, 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟖𝟔. 𝟕𝟗, 𝟐𝟎𝟗𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟑

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Method 5 ⇝ Measures of Skewness

Example of Method-5: Skewness
B 1 Find skewness by the method of moments for data:
38.2, 40.9, 39.5, 44, 39.6, 40.5, 39.5.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟖
B 2 Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness of a distribution is 0.3, its variance is
8 and mean is 200. Find the mode and median for the distribution.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟏𝟓, 𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟐

B 3 From the marks scored by 120 students in section A and 120 students in
section B of a class, the following measures were obtained

Section A μA = 46.83 σA = 14.8 Mode = 51.67

Section A μB = 47.83 σB = 14.8 Mode = 47.07
Determine which distribution of marks is more skewed.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐀 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐤𝐞𝐰𝐞𝐝

B 4 Find skewness of the following data using method of moment.

x 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
f 8 15 20 32 23 17 5

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟕
C 5 Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness and skewness based on the
method of moments for the following data:

Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
f 13 20 30 25 12

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐

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Method 6 ⇝ Kurtosis
Example of Method-6: Kurtosis
A 1 Find the Kurtosis for the data 1, 3, 7, 9, 10. Also comment on type of
distribution.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐊𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐬 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟓, 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐲𝐤𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜

C 2 Find the kurtosis for the following data. Also, Comment on type of
distribution.

Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40
f 1 3 4 2

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐊𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐬 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟑, 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐲𝐤𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜

C 3 Find out the kurtosis of the following data:

Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40
f 1 4 3 2

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟐
C 4 Find the coefficient of variation, β1 and β2 for the following data:
x 170 – 180 – 190 – 200 – 210 – 220 – 230 – 240 –
180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
f 52 68 85 92 100 95 70 28

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫: 𝐂. 𝐕. = 𝟗. 𝟒, 𝛃𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒, 𝛃𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟎

* * * * * End of the Unit * * * *

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