CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study

Pechay, also known as Brassica rapa in scientific terms, is a well-

liked vegetable in the Philippines. The most comprehensive word to

describe how domesticated animals and crop plants support the world's

population by producing food and other goods is "agriculture." Pechay

has relatively few calories, is high in folic acid, is rich in vitamin K, is a

good source of calcium, and includes fiber. It also contains vitamins,

minerals, and other health-promoting plant compounds.

The majority of agriculture today is chemical- or inorganic-based,

which significantly contributes to the depletion of our natural resources,

particularly soils. Inorganic fertilizers are the most commonly used by

farmers. Groundwater and surface waters has been contaminated by the

heavy use of inorganic fertilizers. In addition, it is harmful to human

health because the inorganic fertilizer nitrite is known to cause cancer in

people.

According to Maureen Malone (2021), inorganic fertilizer has

adverse effects on the soil because it contains salt that could increase

soil salinity. Saline soils can negatively affect the plant's ability to absorb

nutrients and water. Many farmers are still embracing the notion of

utilizing organic fertilizers despite time-consuming, and labor-intensive

preparation, aside from the negative impacts of using inorganic fertilizers,

which also come at a high cost and can occasionally be in short supply.

1
 Earthworm vermicompost is proving to be a highly nutritious

"organic fertilizer," a more potential; "growth promoter" than

conventional composts, and a "protective" farm input against the

"destructive" chemical fertilizers that have over time damaged the soil's

properties and decreased its natural fertility. Micronutrients, beneficial

soil bacteria, NKP (nitrogen and potassium, 1.85–2.25%, and phosphorus,

1.55-2.25%), and "plant growth hormones and enzymes" are all abundant

in vermicompost. According to science, it is a "wonderful growth

stimulant and plant protective" (Sinha et al. 2015).

The Purpose of conducting this experiment is to be entitled. "The

effects of different levels of vermicast on the growth and yield of black

behi pechay", is hoped that the result of the study will significantly help

the researchers in their plan to establish the Pechay Production

Agribusiness Project to make the project productive. It is also helpful that

this helps farmers improve their yield without using inorganic fertilizer.

2
Problem Statement

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the different

levels of vermicast on the growth and yield of pechay.

Especially it will attempt to answer the following questions;

1. Will there be significant effects of vermicast on the vegetative

response of pechay?

2. Will there be a significant difference between treated plants and

the control on the yield of pechay?

3. Will there be a significant difference between treatments?

Hypothesis

1. There was a significant effect of vermicast on the yield of pechay.

2. There was a significant difference between treated plants and the

control on the yield of pechay.

3. There was a significant difference between treatments in terms of

yield on the crop.

Review of Related Literature

3
 This study aimed to review the practical and theoretical information

from similar and related studies. It discussed various of several notes

cited sources and references used to support and justify the phenomenon

that the researchers are investigating.

Earthworms are use in vermicast, also known as vermicomposting,

to digest organic waste. Unlike conventional composting, it is a natural,

odorless, aerobic process. Earthworms consume garbage and then

excrete dark castings, which are dark, odorless granules of nutrient- and

organically-rich soil that are useful for improvement. To compost

earthworms castings are a ready-to-use fertilizer that may be applies at a

higher rate since the nutrients delivered at a pace that is more favorable

for growing plants (H. Chaoui 2019).

In the Philippins, pechay—scientifically known as Brassica rapa—is

a well-liked vegetable. Chinese chard, often called white cabbage or snow

cabbage is eaten both fresh and cooked. To avoid the potential loss of

nutrients when heated, it should ideally be consumed raw. Even if you

have a small amount of room, you may still follow the prevalent vertical

gardening trend and enjoy a rewarding hobby by using recycled

containers as potting soil (A. PRADO et al. 2017).

Pechay grows and develops best at temperatures between 18 and

20 °C. Pechay grows in loamy, well-drained soils that retain moisture and

are rich in organic matter. In soil that is quite acidic, it does not grow

4
well. The pH of the soils should not fall below 4.5 and should kept

between 5.5 and 6.5. In any of soil, pechay can be grown. Light, sandy-

loam, well-drained soil with a pH of 5-4.6 is better for plants. (2017, East-

West)

Pechay contains vitamins and minerals that support a healthy body

by promoting stronger bones and a radiant shin. Pechay also has other

health benefits for our bodies. For better health, more robust muscles,

and a healthier nervous system, Petchay also contains thiamine, vitamin

B, and folate (Sangalang et al., 2020).

Organic fertilizers boost the quality and yield of crops without

harming the environment. Improved soil texture, water absorption, and

erosion resistance are all benefits of organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers

offer nitrogen that can be used by plants, enhancing plant development

without harming the soil's beneficial microorganisms or scorching the

roots. By supplying the plants' nutritional demands and increasing plant

tolerance organic fertilizers aid in disease prevention (Geleta, 2022).

Vermicast, or vermicompost, was the best choice in terms of its

commercial and financial feasibility. As "nature's wonder product," it also

restored the nutritional value of food and the health of the soil. An

earthworm's presence in a soil ecosystem signifies a healthy system.

Earthworms have the extraordinary capacity to transform minerals,

nutrients, and microorganisms from composting systems or soil into

excrement that has the greatest concentration of plant nutrients, germs,

5
and growth factors currently known to exist. Vermicast, or vermicompost,

is the name of the excrement (Eric Randy Politud, 2016).

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The research was based on the researcher's theory about "the

effects of different levels of vermicast on the growth and yield of black

behi pechay."It is because vermiculite contains significant elements,

especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This significant element

is very much needed for the vegetative growth of Pechay.

Earthworms are use in vermicast, also known as

vermicomposting, to digest organic waste. Unlike conventional

composting, it is a natural, odorless, aerobic process. Earthworms

consume garbage and then excrete dark-casting, odorless granules of

nutrient- and organically-rich soil that are useful for improvement. To

compost, earthworm castings are a ready-to-use fertilizer that may be

apply at a higher rate since the nutrients are delivered at a pace that is

more favorable for growing plants (H. Chaoui 2019).

Earthworms gave Madre de cacao gain the most weight and the

more significant population. The nitrogen content of Madre de cacao may

have further aided plant growth (Isaias B, 2019)

Variables of the Study

6
 This study will consist of five independent variables and five

dependent variables. The independent variables are the different levels of

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
vermicast, while the dependent variables will be the growth of pechay.
VERMICAST
TO- CONTROL (No
INDEPENDENT
Application) VARIABLES DEPENDENT
T1- .5kg/per plot/treatment
VARIABLES
T2-1kg/per hill
T3-1.5kg/per hill GROWTH AND YIELD OF
T4-2kg/per hill PECHAY

Indicator;
1. Yield in g/plot/treatment
2. Plant height (cm)
3. Size of leaves (width)
4. Canopy Diameter

Presented above is the research paradigm of the study showing the

different levels of vermicast on the growth and yield of Pechay.

Significance of Study

The findings of this study would be beneficial, especially for the

following:

Students: This study may serve as a guide and reference material for

students undertaking similar studies.

7
Agri-Technicians: This can add to their knowledge on how to raise their

business, especially in producing pechay.

Farmers: This study can be a source of information for growing pechay

using different levels of vermiculite.

Consumers: The consumer will also gain if this study continues since

they are the ones who will purchase the product.

Traders: It can be helpful to the traders, even when many people

engage in that particular business so they can easily acquire the supply.

Future researchers- For the upcoming researchers, it will serve as their

reference and guide to accomplishing their study.

Scope and Limitations

The study was limited and aimed only to determine different levels

of vermicast, namely: T0- CONTROL (No Application), T1- .5kg/per

plot/treatment, T2-1kg/per hill, T3-1.5kg/per hill, T4-2kg/per hill in three

(3) replications of each treatment.

Definitions of Terms

To make the study clearer the following terminology has been

operationally defined.

Pechay (Black Behi) – is the most popular vegetable in Filipino

households. This vegetable can be planted all year and is a very easy

grower. It is rich in vitamins.

8
Vermicast – is a mixture of earthworm castings, uneaten bedding, and

feedstock harvested from worm beds.

Plant height - is defined as the shortest distance between the upper

boundary (highest point) of the primary photosynthetic tissues (excluding

inflorescences) and ground level.

Weight - A measurement of how much someone or something weighs.

Canopy Diameter – It can be measured by referring to the arc width or

diameter. To get the arc size, open the umbrella, measure from the tip of

one side, and then over the top to the end of the other side.

Watering – to pour water on plants or the soil they are growing in.

Weeding - the act of removing wild plants from a place where they are

not wanted.

9
 CHAPTER 2

Methodology

Location and Duration of the Study

The study was conducted at Barangay, Magnaga, Pantukan Davao

De Oro, from October 2022 to December 2022.

Experimental Design and Treatment

The study followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)

in three (3) replications. Each replication will consist of five (5) plots

where the five treatments will be randomly assigned. This experiment will

consist of 15 plots in all. The arrangement of the various treatment

shown in Figure 1 is provided.

The treatments were different levels of vermicast as follows;

T0- Control (No application of vermicast)

T1- 0.5kg of vermicast per plot

T2- 1kg/ per plot

T3- 1.5kg/ per plot (recommended)

T4- 2kg/ per plot

10
Figure 1. Experimental Layout and Treatment

R1 R2 R3
TO

T2 T3

T4 T1 TO

TO

T4 T1

T3 T2 T4

T1 T3 T2

11
 A Canal measuring (.5m) in width was constructed in between

plots.

Different Cultural Practices and Management

Clearing

Weeds were remove using manual pulling of weeds and the use of cutting

tools.

Land Preparation

The plot was prepared by thoroughly pulverizing the soil in preparation

for planting. Each plot was measured at 1 m x 3 m with a canal of 0.5 m.

Fertilizer Application

Vermicast was used at a rate of .5 kg - 2kg per hill and replication,

depending on the treatment specified for the variables in this study.

Transplanting

A 14-day-old pechay seedling was transplanted per hill with a planting

distance of 10 cm x 20 cm, as recommended.

Irrigation

Until harvest, pechay was irrigated twice a day with a sprinkler and a

palley. This is to provide enough moisture for the plant to grow and

develop.

12
Pest and disease control

To control the pest and disease infestation in the experimental area,

manual hand-picking was applied. As a pest control measure, soap spray

was used every night.

Weeding

Weeds growing between the pechay plants was removed manually

regularly. This is to ensure that there is no competition for nutrients with

the weeds and pechay.

Cultivation

Hilling-up using a shovel and short bolo was done per hill during the two

weeks after transplanting. This is to enhance soil aeration on the growing

pechay.

Plant Sanitation

Weeds, debris, and infected plants was removed from the experimental

area to prevent the accumulation of insect pests and other pathogens

that could impede Pechay development.

Harvesting

Pechay was harvested 30 days after it was planted. Harvest in the

afternoon, if possible, to reduce post-harvest losses. Upon harvesting,

wash the plants, trim old leaves, and remove roots.

13
Data Gathering

The data gathered will be the following;

Plant height—from the lower stem to the tip of the pechay plant—was

measured using steel tape.

Size of leaves - measuring the width of the leaves using steel tape.

The canopy Diameter - was calculated by taking the average cross-

sectional length and width of the pechay.

Pechay yield was collected during harvest and measured with a

weighing balance.

Statistical Analysis

The data were analyzed by Statistical Tools for Agricultural

Research (STAR) software using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in

Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) (Gomez and Gomez 1984).

14
Analysis of variance, or ANOVA, is a statistical technique that will observe

the data in different components for use in testing. The comparison of

means was determined using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study are presented and discussed which was to

determine the effects of the different levels of vermicast on the growth

and yield of pechay.

Table 1a. Average Yield/Treatment/Replication

Treatments Replication

II III Total

I Mean

T0 – Control (No 135 90 112 337 112.3

application of
vermicast) 3c

T1 – .5kg/of 175 190 170 535 178.33c

vermicast to be
applied per plot

255 260 278 793 264.33b

15
T2 - 1kg/ per plot

T3 - 1.5kg/ per plot 245 285 300 830 276.67b

(recommended)

T4 – 2kg/ per plot 430 385 285 1100 366.6

7a

Table 1 result showed that among the five (5) treatments used,

the T4—2 kg per plot is the most highly significant in increasing yield,

with a mean of 366.67. The T1—.5 kg of vermicast to be applied per plot

with a mean of 178.33 and the T0—Control (no application of vermicast)

with a mean of 112.33 are both the lowest results with the same letter of

the mean.

The main factor affecting pechay growth and yield was the

amount of vermicompost applied. Vermicompost-enriched soil promotes

faster seed germination, accelerates seedling growth, increases root

biomass and numbers, improves root stress resistance, prompts earlier

plant flowering, and boosts plant production (Chelsea, 2022).

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the yield is highly

significant, which has a computed F value of 17.29.

Table 1b. ANOVA of Yield different levels of vermicast on the

growth and yield of pechay.

16
 Comp Tabular F
Source of Degree of Sum Mean uted
variation freedom Square Square F
0.05
0.01

Replication
2 993.33 471.67
28,561.5 17.2 3.84
Treatment 4 114,246
0 9** 7.01

Error 8 13,212 1,651.50

Total 128,401.
14
33
cv= 1696%
** = Highly significant at 5% and 1%
Table 2a. Average Plant height /Treatment/Replication

Treatments Replication

II III Total

I Mean

T0 – Control (No 9.6 9.4 11 30 10

application of
vermicast)

T1 – .5kg/of 10 10.6 10.1 30.70 10.23

vermicast to be
applied per plot

T2 - 1kg/ per plot 10.8 9.8 10.2 30.80

10.27

T3 - 1.5kg/ per plot 9.3 9.8 11.1 30.20 10.07

(recommended)

T4 – 2kg/ per plot 10.2 10.1 11.17 31.47 10.49

17
 Table 2 showed that T4 – 2kg/ per plot is the highest with a mean

of 10.49, followed by T3 - 1.5kg/ per plot (recommended) with a mean of

10.27, T1 – .5kg/of vermicast to be applied per plot of with a mean of

10.23, T2 - 1kg/ per plot with a mean 10.07 and T0 – Control (No

application of vermicast) is the lowest result with a mean of 10.

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the plant height

is not significant, which has a computed F value of 0.52.

Table 2b. ANOVA of Plant height different levels of vermicast on

the growth and yield of pechay.

Mean Comput Tabular F

Source of Degree of Sum
Squar ed F
variation freedom Square
e 0.05
0.01

Replication
2 2.47 1.23
3.84
Treatment 4 0.81 0.20 0.52ns
7.01

Error 8 3.10 0.39

Total
14 6.38
cv= 6.07%

18
** = not significant

Table 3a. Average Sizes of Leaves (width)/Treatment/Replication

Treatments Replication

II III Total

I Mean

T0 – Control (No 2.4 2.16 4.22 8.73 2.93d

application of
vermicast)

T1 – .5kg/of 2.99 2.63 6.31 11.93 3.98cd

vermicast to be
applied per plot

T2 - 1kg/ per plot 4.35 3.33 6.65 14.33

4.78c
T3 - 1.5kg/ per plot 7.08 8.41 8.73 24.22 8.07b
(recommended)

T4 – 2kg/ per plot 8.82 10.16 10.35 29.33 9.78a

Based on the results in Table 3a, T4 (2 kg per plot) is highly

significant in terms of the size of the leaves (width), with a mean of 9.78.

This means that, of the five treatments, samples from T4—2 kg per plot—

had the largest leaves (width). T0 - Control (no vermicast application) has

the lowest mean of the four treatments at 2.93.

19
 Vermicompost enhances soil microbial activity, oxygen availability,

soil porosity and water infiltration, nutrient content, plant development,

yield, and quality. It also maintains average soil temperature (Arora et al.

2015).

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the yield is highly

significant, which has a computed F value of 34.85.

Table 3b. ANOVA of Sizes of leaves (width) different levels of

vermicast on the growth and yield of pechay.

Mean Comput Tabular F

Source of Degree of Sum
Squar ed F
variation freedom Square
e 0.05
0.01

Replication
2 13.70 6.85
3.84
Treatment 4 100.66 25.17 34.85
7.01

Error 8 5.78 0.72

Total
14 120.14
cv= 14.39%
** = highly significant at 5% and % level

Table 4a. Average Canopy Diameter/Treatment/Replication

Treatments Replication

20
 II III Total

I Mean

T0 – Control (No 14.56 21 30.79 66.35 22.12

application of
d
vermicast)

T1 – .5kg/of 20.25 21.78 39.79 81.82 27.27

vermicast to be
cd
applied per plot 24.31 33.78 46.52 104.6
1
T2 - 1kg/ per plot 34.87
bc

T3 - 1.5kg/ per plot 38.6 28.49 47.89 144.9 38.33

(recommended)
8 ab

T4 – 2kg/ per plot 33.02 59.73 135.3 45.10

42.56 1 a

Table 4a presents that the T4 – 2kg/ per plot is highly significant in

canopy diameter with a mean of 45.10. T0 – Control (No application of

vermicast) has the lowest result, with a mean of 22.12.

Vermicast contains a relatively low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio,

which increases the availability of nutrients to plants and promotes their

faster and more vigorous growth (Terra F, 2019).

21
 The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the yield is

highly significant, which has a computed F value of 11.67.

Table 4b. ANOVA of Canopy Diameter different levels of

vermicast on the growth and yield of pechay.

Mean Comput Tabular F

Source of Degree of Sum
Squar ed F
variation freedom Square
e 0.05
0.01

Replication 502.0
2 1,004.19
9
246.1 3.84
Treatment 4 987.47 11.67
2 7.01

Error 8 168.89 21.09

Total
14
2,157.35
cv= 13.69%
** = highly significant at 5%ang 1% level

CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

22
 The study on the Pechay '(Brassica rapa var. Black Behi.) to

determine the effects of different levels of vermicast on the growth and

yield of pechay.

The experiment set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design

(RCBD) in three (3) replications. TO- CONTROL (No Application),

T1- .5kg/per plot/treatment, T2-1kg/per hill, T3-1.5kg/per hill and T4-

2kg/per hill are the treatments which are also considered as the

independent variable. The Yield in g/plot/treatment, Plant height (cm),

Size of leaves (width) and Canopy Diameter are the dependent variable

are also measured through a ruler and weighing balance.

It was observed that among the data gathered, the treatment of

4- 2kg/ per plot is highly significant in weight, sizes of leaves, and canopy

diameter of all treatments.

Conclusion

The result of this study revealed that T4- 2kg/ per plot is the highest in

terms of sizes of leaves, weight, and canopy diameter, followed by T3-

1.5kg/ per plot (recommended), T2- 1kg/ per plot, T1- 0.5kg of vermicast

per plot and the lowest is the T0- Control (No application of vermicast).

Recommendation

23
 Based on the above result, the researchers recommend that

applying T4-2 kg/ per plot of vermicast provided the best growth and

yield performance of pechay in terms of canopy diameter, sizes of leaves,

and weight. None of the treatments used gave a better boost in terms of

the height of the plant.

References

24
Baylon, N., & Catian, I. (2019). Population Growth rate of African Night
(Eudrilus eugeniae)Crawler Fed with Different Leguminous Leaves
as Supplement. Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics, 3(1),
52–64. https://doi.org/10.7719/pjae.v3i1.671

Geleta, W. (2022). Review on integrated uses of Organic and Inorganic

Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and some selected Cereal and Tuber
Crop Production in Ethiopia. GRIN Verlag.

Sangalang, D., Tulfo, R., Maricris, C., Alamin, R., Salem, J. J., Tulfo, J., Sy, J.
E., & Tolato, A. (2020). Viability of Pechay Chips and Stalk inBestlink
College of the Philippines. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink
College of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(1).
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/vie
w/2252

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Yield of Pechay in 45 days

25
 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 TOTAL

T0,R
15 8 25 17 35 20 10 5 135
1

T0,R
10 10 20 22 10 5 5 8 90
2

T0,R
5 7 10 15 30 25 10 10 112
3

T1,
25 10 15 60 15 30 15 5 175
R1

T1,
10 15 25 50 30 5 40 15 190
R2

T1,
20 5 10 10 40 45 25 15 170
R3

T2,
50 20 5 20 50 40 30 40 255
R1

T2,
40 30 10 50 25 15 50 40 260
R2

T2,
15 78 25 20 35 50 45 10 278
R3

T3,
5 25 15 20 40 40 60 40 245
R1

T3, 10 50 20 15 50 10 100 30 285

26
 R2

T3,
25 80 10 35 10 30 60 50 300
R3

T4,
15 20 100 80 50 50 35 80 430
R1

T4,
20 100 15 30 15 150 40 15 385
R2

T4,
20 50 10 30 50 20 80 25 288
R3

Appendix 2: Size of leaves of Pechay in 45 days

TOTA
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
L

T0,R
3.17 2.1 2.17 3.1 2.1 2.27 2.1 19.18
1 2.17

T0,R
1.33 2.1 2.1 3 2.17 2.1 2.5 2 17.3
2

T0,R
5 7 5.33 2.83 2.43 4 3.17 4 33.76
3

T1,
3.17 3 3.33 2.17 2.27 2 3 5 23.94
R1

27
T1, 3.33
2 2.5 2.47 2.43 2.17 3 3.17 21.07
R2 2

T1,
6 7 6.17 6.5 5.67 6.67 5.5 7 50.51
R3

T2,
3.17 2.67 3.67 5.5 4.17 5.1 5.33 5.17 34.78
R1

T2,
5 2.5 3.17 3.17 4 3.17 3.17 2.43 26.61
R2

T2,
7.5 9 7.5 7.5 7 4 6.33 4.33 53.16
R3

T3, 18.6
4.6 4 5.93 6.5 5.43 5 6.5 56.63
R1 7

T3, 18.6 25.6

3 3 4.5 5.5 3.5 3.43 67.27
R2 7 7

T3, 10.1
11 8.5 7.83 9.17 8.43 7.77 7 69.87
R3 7

T4,
7.17 6.43 6.5 6.5 7 6.5 7.5 6.17 70.6
R1

T4, 18.7 22.6

5.17 8.33 6.5 7.17 5.5 7.17 81.28
R2 7 7

T4, 10.3 8.67 10.6 9.17 10.8 10.4 12.5 10.1 82.77

28
 R3 3 7 3 3 7

Appendix 3: Plant height of Pechay in 45 days

TOTA
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
L

T0,R
10 10 9 8.7 9 10 9.41 10.3 76.4
1

T0,R
9 9 9.8 9 9.7 10.7 9.2 8.8 75.2
2

T0,R
10.8 11.8 11.3 10.7 9.8 12.7 11.3 88.1
3 9.07

T1,
10.7 12.2 9.5 9 9.2 9.8 10.3 9 79.7
R1

T1,
10.3 9.5 10.3 11 12.3 11.3 9.8 10 84.5
R2

T1,
11 11 10.2 10.8 9.7 10 8.5 9.2 80.4
R3

T2,
11 12.8 10.2 11.2 10.31 10.5 10 10.7 86.7
R1

T2,
8.8 9.5 11.3 11.8 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.2 78.3
R2

T2,
10.1 9.3 10.1 10.6 10.3 10.3 11.1 10.1 81.9
R3

29
 T3,
9.8 8.8 8.5 9.3 9.7 9.4 9 9.1 74.6
R1

T3,
10.1 9.7 9.5 10.1 11.2 9.4 9.8 8.7 78.5
R2

T3,
12.8 10.8 12.5 10.6 9.7 10.6 88.9
R3 10.2 11.7

T4,
9.9 10.6 10.2 10.1 10.8 9.8 10.9 9.3 81.6
R1

T4,
8.2 9.2 11.1 10.3 101 10.7 8.5 12.4 80.4
R2

T4,
11.2 10.2 12.4 10.8 11.8 13.8 12.8 10.8 93.8
R3

Appendix 4: Canopy Diameter of Pechay in 45 days

TOTA
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
L

T0,R 20.6 12.3 17.1 18.6 15.3 14.2

8.33 9.67 116.44
1 7 3 7 7 3 7

T0,R 13.6 16.3 14.1 19.8 22.6 31.6 27.6

22 168.01
2 7 3 7 3 7 7 7

T0,R 54.3 41.8 27.1 24.6 23.6 87.6 26.2 20.7 246.31

30
3 3 3 7 7 7 7 7

T1, 32.6 21.6 19.5 31.2

18 13.5 10.5 14.9 162.01
R1 7 7 1 7

T1, 22.7 15.6 17.8

17.9 21.8 24.2 30.7 23.3 174.24
R2 7 7 3
7

T1, 27.1 40.7 38.6 33.3 44.3 44.6 43.3

46 318.31
R3 7 7 7 3 3 7 7

T2, 50.1 33.6 34.8 29.2

39 42.4 41.7 33.8 308.8
R1 7 7 3 3

T2, 25.7 29.0 28.8 36.6

28.1 21.7 27 30.8 227.9
R2 7 3 3 7

T2, 56.0 45.3 54.3 45.6 41.2 45.6

51.8 43 383.1
R3 7 3 3 7 3 7

T3, 29.3 30.5 19.7 18.7 16.4 28.7 24.0

26.9 194.49
R1 3 3 7 3 3 3 7

T3, 23.8 25.3 33.3 40.8

37.7 28.7 40 40.5 270.36
R2 9 3 7 7

T3, 58.3 51.9 66.2 39.6 31.7

53.8 36.5 34 372.19
R3 3 3 3 7 3

31
 T4, 25.1 26.6 31.6 36.3 30.2 26.6
34.4 53 264.18
R1 7 7 7 3 7 7

T4, 68.7 53.1 42.7 43.2 58.2 23.4

46.4 41.8 340.22
R2 7 7 7 7 3 3

T4, 60.8 60.7 62.9 51.7 46.5 67.2

56.1 71.7 477.86
R3 3 3 7 3 7 3

DOCUMENTATION

Cleaning the area

Land preparation

Applying of fertilizer

32
 Sowing Pechay seed

Transplanting

Watering

Measuring all parameters

33
 Harvesting

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: BEJOC SHANNIEN NOREEN BAGUMBA

(Surname) (First Name) (Middle Name)
Present Address: PUROK 12, KINUBKUBAN, MAGNAGA , PANTUKAN DAVAO DE ORO
Date of Birth: JULY 24, 2001 ContactNumber: 09510302024
Age: 21 YEARS OLD Height: 5’5 Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single Sex: Female Citizenship: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Name of School & Address: Degree Received: Year Attended:

Elementary: MAGNAGA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2012-2013
Secondary: MAGNAGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2018-2019
College : KOLEHIYO NG PANTUKAN 2022-2023
Course : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Business

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief 34

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Name: SAQUILABON EDHEL MAE CABANAG

(Surname) (First Name) (Middle Name)
Present Address: PUROK 2-C MALINAWON, MAGNAGA, PANTUKAN DAVAO DE ORO
Date of Birth: OCTOBER 08, 2000 ContactNumber: 09816096409
Age: 22 YEARS OLD Height: 5’3 Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC
Civil Status: Single Sex: Female Citizenship: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Name of School & Address: Degree Received: Year Attended:

Elementary: LAHI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2012-2013
Secondary: MAGNAGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2018-2019
College : KOLEHIYO NG PANTUKAN 2022-2023
Course : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Business

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief
35

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Name: ARADO PAUL JOHN PINGAN

(Surname) (First Name) (Middle Name)
Present Address: PUROK 12, KINUBKUBAN ,MAGNAGA, PANTUKAN, DAVAO DE
ORO
Date of Birth: MARCH 15, 1995 Contact Number: 09637498032
Age: 27 YEARS OLD Height: 5’4 Religion: FOUR SQUARE
Civil Status: Single Sex: Male Citizenship: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Name of School & Address: Degree Received: Year Attended:

Elementary: MAGNAGA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2006-2007
Secondary: MAGNAGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2010-2011
College : KOLEHIYO NG PANTUKAN
Course : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Business

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief
36

Signature
 PERSONAL DATA

Name: FERRER MILKY VILLANUEVA

(Surname) (First Name) (Middle Name)
Present Address: PUROK13, CROSSING LAHI, MAGNAGA, PANTUKAN ,DAVAO DE
ORO
Date of Birth: JANUARY 07, 2000 Contact Number: 09122208176
Age: 23 years old Height: 5”7 Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC
Civil Status: Single Sex: Male Citizenship: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Name of School & Address: Degree Received: Year Attended:

Elementary: LIBERTAD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2012-2013
Secondary: AZPEDIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2018-2019
College : Kolehiyo Ng Pantukan
Course : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Business

37
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief
38