COURSE OUTLINE

Unit 1 Lecture One: Define Data, Information And

Data, Information And Knowledge Knowledge and Their Differences
lecture Two: Collection Development In ICT
Era
Unit 2 Lecture 3: Information Technologies
Information Technologies Supporting Supporting Information Systems and
Modern Information Systems Importance
Unit 3 Lecture Four: Meaning, Components and
Management Information System (MIS) in Objectives of MIS
Organization Lecture Five: Characteristics, Advantages
and Disadvantages of MIS
Unit 4 Lecture Six: Different Information System
Information System Based on Decision Based on Decision Criterion
Criterion
Unit 5 Lecture Seven: Collection Development In
Risk To Reliability of Data and Ict Era
Information
Unit 6 Lecture Eight: Identify Various Ways of
Business Organization and Development Developing Systems
Of Systems Lecture Nine: Importance of Information
System in Business Organization

Unit 7 Lecture Ten: Identify Tools Used In

Library Management System Database Management System in Library

Unit 8 Lecture Eleven: Features of KOHA

Design and Implementation of KOHA
 UNIT 1

DATA, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE

LECTURE ONE: DEFINE DATA, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR

DIFFERENCES

Introduction

We live in the information age. In the same way that the development of industry created the
industrial age, the development of information technology systems, and especially the internet,
has created the information age. It has been a long-held belief by many philosophers that
knowledge is power and that knowledge stems from understanding of information; information,
in turn, is the assigning of meaning to data. To develop learners' understanding of information
technology, we start by defining these three related concepts

Overview of terms

Data:

Data is unprocessed facts and figures without any added interpretation or analysis

Data are a set of symbols representing a perception of raw facts

Data usually refers to raw data, or unprocessed data. It is the basic form of data, data that hasn’t
been analyzed or processed in any manner. Once the data is analyzed, it is considered as
information.

Information:

Information is data that has been interpreted so that it has meaning for the user.

Information is a physical surrogate of knowledge (Aina, 2003)

Information is organized data (answering the following basic questions: What? Who? When?
Where?).

The term ‘information’ is described as the structured, organized and processed data, presented
within context, which makes it relevant and useful to the person who wants it. Data means raw
facts and figures concerning people, places, or any other thing, which is expressed in the form of
numbers, letters or symbols.

Information is the data which is transformed and classified into an intelligible form, which can
be used in the process of decision making. In short, when data turn out to be meaningful after
conversion, it is known as information. It is something that informs, in essence, it gives an
answer to a particular question.

The main characteristics of information are accuracy, relevance, completeness and availability. It
can be communicated in the form of content of a message or through observation and can be
obtained from various sources such as newspaper, television, internet, people, books, and so on.

Knowledge:

Knowledge is a combination of information, experience and insight that may benefit the
individual or the organisation.

Knowledge is understood information (answering following basic questions: why?, how?, for
which purpose?).

Knowledge means the familiarity and awareness of a person, place, events, ideas, issues, ways of
doing things or anything else, which is gathered through learning, perceiving or discovering. It is
the state of knowing something with cognizance through the understanding of concepts, study
and experience.

In a nutshell, knowledge connotes the confident theoretical or practical understanding of an

entity along with the capability of using it for a specific purpose. Combination of information,
experience and intuition leads to knowledge which has the potential to draw inferences and
develop insights, based on our experience and thus it can assist in decision making and taking
actions.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE

The figure above shows that each concept depends on another concept. After processed, Data
will become information, and information will become knowledge. The following are the
differences between data and information, as information and knowledge

Some differences between data and information:

 Data is used as input for the computer system, while Information is data output.
 Data is unprocessed facts and figures while Information is processed data.
 Data doesn’t depend on Information, while Information depends on data.
 Data is not specific, while Information is specific.
 Data is a single unit, while a group of data that carries news and meaning is called
Information.
 Data doesn’t carry a meaning, while Information must carry a logical meaning.
 Data is the raw material, while Information is the product.

Key Differences between Information and Knowledge

The points given below are important, so far as the difference between information and
knowledge is concerned:

 Information denotes the organized data about someone or something obtained from
various sources such as newspapers, the internet, television, discussions, etc.,. At the
same time, Knowledge refers to the awareness or understanding of the subject acquired
from the education or experience of a person.
  Information is nothing but the refined form of data, which helps to understand the
meaning, while knowledge is the relevant and objective information that helps in
concluding.
 Data compiled in a meaningful context provides information. Conversely, when
information is combined with experience and intuition, it results in knowledge.
 Processing improves the representation, thus ensuring easy interpretation of the
information. As against this, processing results in increased consciousness, thus
enhancing subject knowledge.
 Information brings on comprehension of the facts and figures while knowledge which
leads to the understanding of the subject.
 The transfer of information is easy through different means, i.e. verbal or non-verbal
signals while the transfer of knowledge is a bit difficult, because it requires learning on
the part of the receiver.
 Information can be reproduced in low cost. However, exactly similar reproduction of
knowledge is not possible because it is based on experiential or individual values,
perceptions, etc.
 Information alone is not sufficient to make generalization or predictions about someone
or something. On the contrary, knowledge has the ability to predict or make inferences.
 Every information is not necessarily a knowledge, but all knowledge is an information.

Basis for
Information Knowledge
Comparison
When the facts obtained are Knowledge refers to the relevant
Meaning systematically presented in a given and objective information gained
context it is known as information. through experience.
What is it? Refined data Useful information
Information, experience and
Combination of Data and context
intuition
Processing Improves representation Increases consciousness
Outcome Comprehension Understanding
Transfer Easily transferable Requires learning
Identical reproduction is not
Reproducibility Can be reproduced.
possible.
Information alone is not sufficient to Prediction is possible if one
Prediction
make predictions possesses required knowledge.
 Basis for
Information Knowledge
Comparison
One in other All information need not be knowledge. All knowledge is information.

LECTURE TWO: COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT IN ICT ERA

Introduction

Recent advances in science and technology in general and developments in the field
of information technology in particular have vastly influenced the concept of collection
development and have brought in sweeping changes in information collection, storage and
dissemination. Factors like information explosion, budgetary constraints, complex requirements
of users, rising cost of publications and other related factors as well as development of digital
libraries, internet, e-mail, CD-ROM, electronic publishing etc., have forced the libraries and
librarians to change the style and approach of their functioning

Collection development in libraries is tilting towards electronic documents / information sources

using network facilities. The trend of printed materials is decreasing and need for accessing
electronic information resources is increasing slowly day by day and the concept of collection
development which implies building, growing, dealing with selection and acquisition of library
materials is changing towards collection management.

Definition

Collection development is the process of meeting the information needs of the people (a service
population) in a timely and economical manner using information resources locally held, as well
as from other organizations.

Collection Development: Library collection development is the process of meeting the

information needs of the people (a service population) in a timely and economical manner using
information resources locally held, as well as from other organizations (Chaudhry, 2012).

Collection development in ICT era

The recent advances in Communication Technology, Networking, use of Internet and Electronic
Products have brought about a revolutionary change profoundly affecting the library’s landscape.
It has affected the selection, acquisition and information transfer process. The Technology is
mainly being used for communication, database searching, bibliographic and full text searching.
It has also changed the concept of archiving (Kumbar and Hadagali, 2005).

The organization of information, its storage, access, preservation and retrieval has become both –
simplified as well as complicated. It is believed that information has become more garmented,
piecemeal and disembodied, resulting into changing its face completely. According to Swan
(1992), “we are no longer accessing the whole fabric of information, rather bits of data, sound
bites and images torn from it”. Currently “Economic forces and technological advances have
combined together to create a new environment, where access to collective scholarly resources
that no library could be ever afford, supersedes the historic quest for the great comprehensive
collection

Collection development in libraries is tilting towards electronic documents / information sources

using network facilities. The trend of printed materials is decreasing and need for accessing
electronic information resources is increasing slowly day by day and the concept of collection
development which implies building, growing, dealing with selection and acquisition of library
materials is changing towards collection management. Combination of both print and electronic
information resources like CD-ROM, On-line, internet is the dilemma faced by the libraries and
librarians in recent past. „Information mix‟ is the order of the day (Gandhi, 2001).

UNIT 2

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORTING MODERN INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

LECTURE 3: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORTING INFORMATION

SYSTEMS AND IMPORTANCE

Introduction
Modern society is characterized by sudden growth and development of information technology
(IT) resulting in large dependence of the society, in a wider sense, on the individual knowledge
and competence of a person in the IT area. Although this dependence grows on daily basis, the
human right to education and information is not extended to IT area. Problems that affect society
as a whole emerge, creating gaps and distancing people from the main reason and motivation for
advancement - from opportunity. Today, being a computer illiterate person means to be a person
who is unable to participate in modern society, a person without opportunity and in spite of
acknowledged necessity and benefits of inclusive computer literacy by, for example, European
Commission, UNESCO, OECD, there are still groups of people with hindered access to basic
computer education (persons with disabilities, persons with learning difficulties, migrant
workers, unemployed, persons that live in remote (rural) areas where IT education is not
accessible).

Definition

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate
data.

Information technologies refers to the applications and devices that used to facilitate
communications.

Different information technologies supporting information systems

There are different information technologies that support information systems in disseminating,
preserving and accessing such as

 Mobile technologies
 Social networking
 Web technologies
 Digital libraries
 Video conferencing

Mobile technologies
Mobile technologies is the technology used for cellular communication. Mobile code-division
multiple access (CDMA) technology has evolved rapidly over the past few years. Since the start
of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-
way pager to being a mobile phone, GPS navigation device, an embedded web browser and
instant messaging client, and a handheld game console. Many experts believe that the future of
computer technology rests in mobile computing with wireless networking. Mobile computing by
way of tablet computers are becoming more popular. Tablets, smartphones and P Personal
Digital Assistant (PDA) are available on the 3G and 4G networks. This technologies helps in
disseminating, preserving and accessing of information. Information are shared through
Bluetooth, and other application like Flash share, Xender etc.

Social networking

A social networking is an online platform which people use to build social networks or social
relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds
or real-life connections. Social networking services vary in format and the number of features.
They can incorporate a range of new information and communication tools, operating on
desktops and on laptops, on mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones. The
Social Networking highlights the increasing importance of social media and networks in society.
It is expected to provide an invaluable opportunity for researchers to share their findings in this
new area. Example of social networking which support information system are Facebook,
Instagram, whatsApp, Badoo, MySpace Hi5, Orkut, Bebo

Web technologies

Web technologies are the methods by which computers communicate with each other through
the use of markup languages and multimedia packages. In the past few decades, web technology
has undergone a dramatic transition, from a few marked up web pages to the ability to do very
specific work on a network without interruption. the internet is an essential platform, whether its
for developing or for consumer use. When developing a website, typically three main languages
come into play. These languages are JavaScript, CSS, and HTML. HTML is the backbone of
most webpages. Essentially, it is used to create the structure of how a specific website would
look like, from the headings, to the paragraphs, the body, links, and even images. Example
websites

Digital libraries

Digital libraries is an online database of digital objects that can include text, still images, audio,
video, or other digital media formats. Objects can consist of digitized content like print or
photographs, as well as originally produced digital content like word processor files or social
media posts. In addition to storing content, digital libraries provide means for organizing,
searching, and retrieving the content contained in the collection. Digital libraries give access to
multiple contents with a potentially infinite number of resources and selections at hand. It
provide wider access to the user to users that they can use at anytime and anywhere.

Video conferencing

Video conferencing is a live connection between people in separate locations for the purpose of
communication, usually involving audio as well as video. Video meetings use either a dedicated
video conferencing system or an application running on a desktop computer. In either case, the
system needs a microphone, a camera, a monitor and either a speaker or headphones. The video
conferencing unit or computer programme uses software to convert the inputs into a digital
signal that is sent to the remote unit. Example Skype,

Importance of technology in information disseminations

Easier Communication: we can communicate with our friends and families with in less time
and in a better way by using internet. E-mail, Skype and social media sites like Facebook and
other allows us to create and profile on internet and use that profile to communicate with our
friends in an easier way. Also this is very less expensive process so people everywhere like this
very much. Communication with anyone from any part of the globe made possible and easy,
Now a days it's even possible to make a full HD video call, E-mail, social media communication.

It facilitate Research: as internet is connected with many computers and a host or server
concept was there on which a huge amount of data and information are stored, so internet is the
best way of getting or acquiring knowledge about any topic. So it is best for doing any kind of
research work.

Provides Better Education: technology-Internet is a huge collection of information, here many

kinds of books and journals and blogs are available those provides many valuable knowledge to
you. So internet is best for education and another thing is now days distance education in
different fields are available through internet from good universities, so it is provide better
chance for students to get better education through internet.

Real Time Updates: the real time updates facility of the internet is such a feature that is very
helpful for people, through the real time updates people can know all things those are currently
happening, may be it from thousands of miles distance from them.

Easy to access and consult: through the technology, it is easy to retrieval information and to
consult it. Documents in electronic format are easy to be share and accessed, and it allows to find
the information needs on the text in real time.