Experiment No: 01 MySQL MERGE storage engine

Date:

Aim:
To demonstrate the functionality of the MySQL MERGE storage engine by creating and
manipulating tables that combine data from multiple MyISAM tables.
Procedures and Commands:
1. Create a new MyISAM table called t1:
sql
CREATE TABLE t1(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM;
2. Create another MyISAM table called t2 with identical columns and data types:
sql
CREATE TABLE t2(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM;
3. Insert rows into the t1 and t2 tables:
sql
INSERT INTO t1(name) VALUES('John');
INSERT INTO t1(name) VALUES('Jane');
INSERT INTO t2(name) VALUES('Bob');
INSERT INTO t2(name) VALUES('Alice');
4. Create a MERGE table that includes the MyISAM tables t1 and t2:
sql
CREATE TABLE t(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MERGE UNION=(t1,t2) INSERT_METHOD=LAST;
5. Query data from the MERGE table:
sql
SELECT id, name FROM t;
6. Insert a new row into the MERGE table:
sql
INSERT INTO t(name) VALUES("Peter");
a. Note: The storage engine inserts the row into the t2 table because
INSERT_METHOD is set to LAST.
7. Query data from the t2 table to verify the insertion:
sql
SELECT * FROM t2;
8. Delete a row from the MERGE table with id of 2:
sql
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 2;
a. Initially, this deletes from t1.
9. Query data from t1 to check the deletion:
sql
SELECT * FROM t1;
10. Delete another row with id 2 from t2:
sql
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 2;
11. Query data from t2 to confirm the deletion:
sql
SELECT * FROM t2;
 Output:

After querying the MERGE table (Step 5): After inserting "Peter" into the MERGE table
(Step 7):
+----+-------+
| id | name | +----+-------+
+----+-------+ | id | name |
| 1 | John | +----+-------+
| 2 | Jane | | 1 | Bob |
| 1 | Bob | | 2 | Alice |
| 2 | Alice | | 3 | Peter |
+----+-------+ +----+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

After deleting id 2 from t1 (Step 8): After second deletion of id 2 from t2 (Step 9):

+----+------+ +----+-------+
| id | name | | id | name |
+----+------+ +----+-------+
| 1 | John | | 1 | Bob |
+----+------+ | 3 | Peter |
1 row in set (0.00 sec) +----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 Experiment No: MySQL MEMORY storage engine
02
Date:

Aim:
To demonstrate the use of the MySQL MEMORY storage engine by creating a table, inserting
data into it, and querying the data, highlighting the temporary nature of this storage engine.
Procedures and Commands:
1. Creating a MEMORY table:
sql
CREATE TABLE caches (
id INT
) ENGINE = MEMORY;
o The caches table is created with one column id of type INT using the MEMORY
storage engine.
2. Insert data into a MEMORY table:
sql
INSERT INTO caches(id) VALUES (1), (2), (3);
o Three rows are inserted into the caches table.

3. Query data from the MEMORY table:

sql
SELECT id FROM caches;
o This statement retrieves all data from the caches table.
 Output:

After querying the MEMORY table:

+------+
| id |
+------+
|1 |
|2 |
|3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 Experiment No: 03 Using the SHOW GRANTS statement to display the privileges granted
Date: to a user
Aim:
To illustrate how to create a database, user, table, and manage user privileges using MySQL,
specifically demonstrating the use of the SHOW GRANTS statement.
Procedures and Commands:
1. Create a new database named vehicles:
sql
CREATE DATABASE vehicles;
2. Select the vehicles database:
sql
USE vehicles;
3. Create a new table called cars in the vehicles database:
sql
CREATE TABLE cars (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
make VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
model VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
4. Create a new user called musk@localhost:
sql
CREATE USER musk@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Super1Pass!';
5. Show the default privileges granted to the user musk@localhost:
sql
SHOW GRANTS FOR musk@localhost;
o The output here would show GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'musk'@'localhost',
indicating no privileges are granted by default.
6. Grant all privileges on the vehicles database to the user musk@localhost:
sql
GRANT ALL ON vehicles.* TO musk@localhost;
7. Show the updated privileges granted to the user musk@localhost:
sql
SHOW GRANTS FOR musk@localhost;
 Output:

After step 5 (Default privileges):

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for musk@localhost |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'musk'@'localhost' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

After step 7 (Updated privileges):

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for musk@localhost |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'musk'@'localhost' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `vehicles`.* TO 'musk'@'localhost' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 Experiment No: 04 Using the SHOW GRANTS statement to display the privileges granted
Date: for a role

Aim:
To demonstrate how to create a role, assign privileges to it, and use the SHOW GRANTS
statement to display those privileges in MySQL.

Procedures and Commands:

1. Create a new role called writer@localhost:
sql
CREATE ROLE writer@localhost;

2. Show privileges granted for the role writer@localhost:

sql
SHOW GRANTS FOR writer@localhost;
o At this point, the output would show no privileges as none have been granted yet.

3. Grant SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE privileges on the vehicles database to the
writer@localhost:
sql
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON vehicles.* TO writer@localhost;
4. Show privileges granted for the role writer@localhost
sql
SHOW GRANTS FOR writer@localhost;
 Output:

After step 2 (Before granting any privileges):

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for writer@localhost |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'writer'@'localhost' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

After step 4 (After granting privileges):

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for writer@localhost |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'writer'@'localhost' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `vehicles`.* TO 'writer'@'localhost' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 Experiment No: The mysqladmin common command
05
Date:
Aim:
To demonstrate various administrative tasks using the mysqladmin command-line tool in
MySQL.
Procedures and Commands:
1. Checking MySQL Server Status:
sql:
mysqladmin status
Output:

Uptime: 83279 Threads: 2 Questions: 3162 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 396 Flush tables: 3
Open tables: 265 Queries per second avg: 0.037

o This command provides essential server performance metrics.

2. Creating a New Database:

sql:
mysqladmin create sample
o Equivalent to CREATE DATABASE sample in SQL.

3. Deleting a Database:
sql:
mysqladmin drop sample
o Before deletion, it prompts:

Dropping the database is potentially a very bad thing to do. Any data stored in the database will
be destroyed. Do you really want to drop the 'sample' database [y/N]
o Confirm with 'Y' to proceed or 'N' to cancel.

4. Displaying MySQL Server Version:

sql:
mysqladmin version
5. Changing the Password for a User:
sql:
mysqladmin -u root -p password
o Requires the current password for the root user, then prompts for the new
password twice.
6. Flushing MySQL Server Privileges:
sql:
mysqladmin flush-privileges
o Reloads the grant tables to apply changes to privileges.

7. Reloading MySQL Configuration:

sql:
mysqladmin reload
o Reloads the server configuration without restarting the server.

8. Monitoring MySQL Process List:

sql:
mysqladmin processlist
o Sample Output:

o +----+-----------------+-----------------+----+---------+-------+------------------------
+------------------+
o | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |

o +----+-----------------+-----------------+----+---------+-------+------------------------
+------------------+
o | 5 | event_scheduler | localhost | | Daemon | 84165 | Waiting on empty queue |
|
o | 41 | root | localhost:61467 | | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |

+----+-----------------+-----------------+----+---------+-------+------------------------+------------------+
9. Shutting down the MySQL Server:
sql:
mysqladmin shutdown
o Gracefully shuts down the MySQL server.