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Mathematics Notes

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3 views4 pages

Mathematics Notes

Uploaded by

princemuli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematics

Grade 11
Exam Preparation
Algebra Notes

Paper 1 Topic
Question 1
Algebraic Equations and Inequalities
1. Solving for x using the following methods Example of Question
1.1 Factorization 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
Difference of two Squares 𝑥2 − 4 = 0
Common Factor 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 0

1.2 Quadratic formula −𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐


𝑥=
2𝑎

1.3 Surds (squaring both sides) √𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 − 1

1.4 Inequalities 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 ≤ 0

2. Solving for Both x and y


Simultaneous Equations 𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4

3. Nature of Roots Determine the nature of the root or discriminant

Surds and Exponents


1. Simplification
1.1 Surds √12 − √20
√48 − √80

1.2 Exponents 4𝑥 ∙ 2𝑥−2


8𝑥−1

2. Solving for x
2.1 Exponents 3 ∙ 2𝑥 = 24
.

1
Factorization
➢ Factorization by highest common factor
Factorize 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟐𝟎𝒛
5𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 20𝑧 Find a factor that can divide all the numbers/
that is common to the terms.
5(𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧)

Activity 1
1. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 10𝑥
2. 8𝑥 2 + +2𝑥
3. 3𝑏(𝑥 2 + 1) − 10(𝑥 2 + 1)
4. 3𝑦(𝑥 − 1) + (−𝑥 + 1)
5. 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 12𝑥𝑦 2 + 6𝑥𝑦

➢ Factorization of difference of two squares


Factorize (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓)
(𝑥 2 − 25) (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) = (√𝒂𝟐 + √𝒃𝟐 )(√𝒂𝟐 − √𝒃𝟐 )
(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5)

Activity 2
1. 4𝑥 2 − 49
2. 𝑥 2 − 50
3. 𝑥 2 − 16

Activity 3
1.

2.
2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2
➢ Factorizing trinomials
Factoring trinomials means finding two binomials that when multiplied together produce the given
trinomial
Method 1
1. Factor 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 24

𝟐𝟒 = (𝟏 × −𝟐𝟒) 𝒐𝒓 (−𝟏 × 𝟐𝟒) Determine factors of −24 (negative


𝟐𝟒 = (𝟐 × −𝟏𝟐) 𝒐𝒓 (−𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐) numbers mean one factor is positive one
𝟐𝟒 = (𝟑 × −𝟖) 𝒐𝒓 (−𝟑 × 𝟖) is negative
𝟐𝟒 = (𝟒 × −𝟔) 𝒐𝒓 (−𝟒 × 𝟔)

2 = −4 + 6 Determine which factor equals to the


coefficient of 𝑥 which in this example is
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 6) 2

Open two brackets and substitute the


factors
Method 2
2 Foctorize 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖
3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8

3 × 8 = 24 Multiply the coefficient of 𝑥 2 and the


constant
𝟐𝟒 = (𝟏 × 𝟐𝟒)
𝟐𝟒 = (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐) List the factors of the answer
𝟐𝟒 = (𝟑 × 𝟖)
𝟐𝟒 = (𝟒 × 𝟔)

14 = 12 + 2 Determine the factors that equal to the


product of the 𝑥 2 and the constant
3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 8
Rewrite coefficient of 𝑥 as the factors
3𝑥(𝑥 + 4) + 2(𝑥 + 4)
(𝑥 + 4)(3𝑥 + 2) Factorize the polynomial into pairs, each
pair must have a common factor
Factorize

3
Method 3
3 Foctorize 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖
3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8
3x 2 =2x
Determine factors of both the coefficient
x 4 =12x of 𝑥 2 and the constant list them one
14x underneath the other
3x 4 4x
Cross multiply the factors
x 2 6x Add the answers till you get answer that
is the same as coefficient of 𝑥
10x

3x 1 =1x
x 8 =24x
24x
3x 8 =8x
x 1 =3x
11x
(3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)
Each row of factors makes one bracket

Activity 4
Factorize the following expressions
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
3𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 6
4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4
2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 4
3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2

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