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Ce2001 Lecture5

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16 views7 pages

Ce2001 Lecture5

Uploaded by

khalid.hasan179397
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/28/2023

An organic material with high molecular weight, prepared out of resins,


with or without the incorporation of fillers, plasticizers, solvents, or
pigments.
• Resins are the basic raw materials in plastic industry, and generally
there is no shortage of raw materials for the preparation of resins; they
can be either of natural origin or synthetically made.
• Synthetic resins are produced by the methods of polymerization and
condensation.
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• Possesses a wide range of mechanical properties from soft, highly


tensile and extensible products to hard, rigid and brittle materials;
• Properties are usually associated with temperature; having higher
coefficient of expansion under heat;
• Having comparatively lower density than metals and hence they are
light;
• Having low thermal conductivity;
• Good electrical insulators.
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• Compressive and tensile strength of plastics is high, especially those


of laminated plastics, moulded and impregnated fibrous plastics;
• Good workability, plastics products can be manufactured to the
required shape (e.g., bottles, sheets, yarns, woven cloths, etc.), by any
of the processes, like, casting, moulding, and extrusion.
• Low wear and tear: withstand wear and tear due to abrasion
satisfactorily;
• Gluing of plastics products: the surfaces of plastic products allow
easy and strong gluing of lasting nature; thus providing convenience
in fabrication of plastic products;

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• Adhesiveness: plastic glues and adhesives are now becoming very


common. They are not affected by fungi, moisture and other climatic
conditions; they form a very thin film of strong, durable and covering
capacity;
• Chemical stability: exhibit satisfactory resistance to the corrosive and
solvent actions of acids, alkalis and salt solutions;
• Waterproofing quality: Plastic could be made waterproof, which can
be used as paddings for forming air-tight and gas-proof joints;

 Simple plastic:
These are composed of one polymer, as in the case of organic glass,
which consists of one synthetic resin such as methyl methacrylate. They
are transparent and possess high optical properties.
 Complex plastics:
These contain one polymer and other compounds. The compounds are
added to simple plastics to impart the products the required properties.

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 Fillers:
• added to moulding powder,
• to increase the bulk and lower the cost;
• reduce shrinkage during moulding;
• impart mouldability;
• also impart some desired properties to plastics.
Examples: cotton and wood fabric (fibrous fillers), wood powder (powdery
fillers), powdered quartz, glass, cloth and wooden veneers (flaky or sheet like
fillers).
 Plasticizers:
• impart plasticity or softness;
• They are non-volatile oily organic liquids;
Examples: tri-acetone, tri-butyl phosphate. 8

 Pigments:
Organic dyes and mineral pigments are added to plastics to impart a desired
color;
 Oiling agents:
Oiling agents such as graphite, paraffin, wax, etc. to prevent plastics from
sticking to the mold.
 Hardeners:
• Control plasticity during moulding;
• Also increase the hardness of resins.
 Foaming agents:
To produce porous articles, blowing agents such as sodium bicarbonate,
ammonium carbonate are used.
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Thermo-setting plastic:
• This variety requires great pressure and a momentarily heated
condition during shaping for subsequent hardening;
• Heat sets up cross-linkages between the molecules, the result of
which is an infusible mass that is very hard and resistant to heat;
• It is non-fusible and insoluble;
• During this process, chemical reactions take place, which are not
reversible;
• The scraps of a thermo-setting plastic article is not reusable.

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properties:
• comparatively stronger
• do not soften with the application of heat

uses: telephone receiver, electric plugs, camera bodies, circuit breaker


switch pannels etc.

common thermo-setting resins:


Phenol formaldehyde
Phenol furfuraldehyde
Urea formaldehyde

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 Thermo-plastics:
• This variety hardens due to a physical change occurring in the
materials;
• They could be softened by heat repeatedly, and the linkages between
molecules are rather loose;
• Material becomes harder as it cools down;
• The process of softening by heat and hardening when cooled down
could be repeated indefinitely;
• This property allows the scrap from the broken and rejected articles,
and the trimmings from moulding machines to be re-used;
• They are required to be kept for some time in the mould until they
cool down and harden;
• They are soluble in many solvents.
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properties:
• comparatively softer
• can be repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling

uses: toys, combs, toilet goods, houses, electric insulators etc.

common thermo-setting resins:


Cellulose derivatives: Cellulose ester, Cellulose ethers
Acrylic resins
Vinyl resins
Styrene plastics (e.g., polystyrene)

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 Flooring:
• Thermo-plastics or polyvinyl are used for floors in the form of tiles and sheets;
 Roofing:
• Corrugated sheets of phenolic-resin-bonded paper laminates manufactured
in rather darker shades;
• Provides light, strong and corrosive-resistant opaque roofing materials;
 Pipes
 Concrete shuttering
 Doors and window frames
 Internal partitions and wall paneling
 Water storage tanks
 Electric insulator
 Bath and sink units
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 Lighting fixtures

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