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Algorithms

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3 views

Algorithms

Uploaded by

bikinosisharmaine308
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Algorithms

Algorithms are fundamental to computer science and programming. They provide a systematic way to
solve problems and perform tasks.

1. What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task. It consists of a finite
number of well-defined instructions that can be followed to achieve a specific outcome.

Key Characteristics of Algorithms:

- Finiteness: Must terminate after a finite number of steps.

- Definiteness: Each step must be precisely defined.

- Input: Can accept zero or more inputs.

- Output: Produces one or more outputs.

- Effectiveness: Each step must be basic enough to be performed in a finite amount of time.

2. Practical Examples of Algorithms

Example 1: Sorting Algorithm (Bubble Sort)

Purpose: To arrange a list of numbers in ascending order.

Python Code:

Def bubble_sort(arr):

N = len(arr)

For I in range(n):

For j in range(0, n-i-1):

If arr[j] > arr[j+1]:


Arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] # Swap

Return arr

# Example usage

Numbers = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]

Sorted_numbers = bubble_sort(numbers)

Print(“Sorted array:”, sorted_numbers)

Example 2: Searching Algorithm (Linear Search)

Purpose: To find a specific value in a list.

Python Code:

Def linear_search(arr, target):

For I in range(len(arr)):

If arr[i] == target:

Return I # Return the index

Return -1 # Not found

# Example usage

Numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

Index = linear_search(numbers, 30)

Print(“Element found at index:”, index)

Example 3: Finding the Maximum Number

Purpose: To find the largest number in a list.


Python Code:

Def find_max(arr):

Max_num = arr[0]

For I in range(1, len(arr)):

If arr[i] > max_num:

Max_num = arr[i]

Return max_num

# Example usage

Numbers = [3, 5, 7, 2, 8]

Maximum = find_max(numbers)

Print(“Maximum number:”, maximum)

Example 4: Factorial Calculation

Purpose: To compute the factorial of a non-negative integer.

Python Code:

Def factorial(n):

If n == 0:

Return 1 # Base case

Else:

Return n * factorial(n – 1) # Recursive case

# Example usage

Num = 5
Result = factorial(num)

Print(“Factorial of”, num, “is:”, result)

Example 5: Fibonacci Sequence

Purpose: To generate the Fibonacci sequence up to a certain number.

Python Code:

Def fibonacci(n):

Fib = [0, 1]

For I in range(2, n):

Next_fib = fib[i-1] + fib[i-2]

Fib.append(next_fib)

Return fib[:n] # Return the first n Fibonacci numbers

# Example usage

Length = 10

Fib_sequence = fibonacci(length)

Print(“Fibonacci sequence:”, fib_sequence)

Understanding algorithms is crucial for developing problem-solving skills in programming. By exploring


practical examples in Python we can gain a deeper appreciation of how algorithms function and their
applications in real-world scenarios.

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