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Static

The document outlines fundamental concepts of electricity, including properties of charge, electric current, potential difference, and resistance. It explains Ohm's Law, Joule's Law of Heating, and the functioning of devices like ammeters, voltmeters, and electric fuses. Additionally, it covers the principles behind electric appliances such as bulbs and irons, emphasizing the relationship between current, voltage, and power.

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samridhi071209
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16 views5 pages

Static

The document outlines fundamental concepts of electricity, including properties of charge, electric current, potential difference, and resistance. It explains Ohm's Law, Joule's Law of Heating, and the functioning of devices like ammeters, voltmeters, and electric fuses. Additionally, it covers the principles behind electric appliances such as bulbs and irons, emphasizing the relationship between current, voltage, and power.

Uploaded by

samridhi071209
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Static: Glass rod-Positive Silk cloth: Negative

Electron: NEGATIVE to POSITIVE e-


Current- POSITIVE to Negative
Impure water- Conductor
Pure water- Insulator
Conductors are free charge carriers and are thus able to conduct
electricity.

Without Battery With Battery
Properties of Charge
 Like poles repel and unlike poles attract.
 Charges are quantized, i.e. charge on a body is an integral

multiple of the charge of electron or proton. Therefore, the


total charge on a body is given by
Q=ne
Where, n is the number of electrons and e=1.6*10^(-19) coulomb.
 An electrical charge can neither be created nor be

destroyed.
Electric charge
 Symbol- Q
 S.I. unit- Coulomb

Coulomb: When 1 ampere of current flows through the circuit in 1


second.
Two fundamental particle which carry equal and opposite
charges
 Electron: -1.6*10^(-19)C
 Proton: +1.6*10^(-19)C

µ=10^(-6)
Electric Current- Rate of flow of charges
Q = I*t
Where I is current, Q is net charge, t is time(in seconds)
Electric current
 Symbol- I
 S.I. unit- Ampere(A)
Ampere: When 1 coulomb of charge flows through a circuit in 1
second.
mA= 10^(-3)A
Series connection Parallel
connection
 I(current) is same. I divides.
I net=I(1) + I(2)….

Ammeter
 Device used to measure electric current.
 Always connected in series.

Galvanometer
 Device used to measure solar current.(Currents which are
small in value.)
 Can determine the direction of current.

Potential Difference
 Charges travel from HIGHER potential to LOWER potential.
 Work done to move 1 unit charge from one point to

another.
V = W/Q
Or
1V = 1J/ 1C
 S.I. unit- Volt(V)
 Measuring device- Voltmeter.(Always in parallel)
 Volt: When 1 joule work is done to move 1 coulomb of

charge then potential difference is 1 Volt.

Ammeter Voltmeter
 Series Parallel
Ohm's Law
 Potential is directly proportional to the current.
 *As long as the circuit remains the same.
 R(resistance) is constant.
 V = IR

Straight line graph
 Slope represents resistance.
Resistance
 S.I. unit: Ohms (Ω)
 Property of a conductor to resist flow of charges through it.
 Measuring device: Ohmmeter

Factors of Resistance
 Length: R is directly proportional to length.
 Area: R is inversely proportional to the area of cross-section.
 Material

R is directly proportional to L/A


R = rho*L/A
Rho = RA/L
Rho S.I. unit: Ωm
Resistance Resistivity
 Ability of CONDUCTOR to Ability of MATERIAL of
Oppose current. Conductor to oppose
current.
 Depends on length and Does NOT depend on
Area of cross-section. Length and area of
cross-section.

Series

Series Parallel
 Current remains same. Current divides.
 Voltage divides. Voltage remains same.
Parallel

Joules Law of Heating


 Heat generated in a conductor is directly proportional to:
 Square of current.
 Resistance.
 Time for which the current flows.
 H = I^2Rt

V*I*t
V^2/R*t
Electric bulb
 Tungsten is used because of high melting point.
 The filament is coiled because H is directly proportional to R.

R = rho*L/A, where, R is directly proportional to L


Electric fuse
 Melts on high voltage supply.
 Prevents short circuit and damage to heavy appliances.

Electric Iron
 Works on the principle of heating effect of electric current.
 When current flows through, the electrons gain motion and

cause a vibrating motion leading to rise of heat.


Power
 Work done per unit time.
 V = W/q
 W = Vq
 P = W/t
 P = V q/t, where q/t = I
 S.I. unit: Watts(W)
 Commercial unit: kWh

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